• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2023

Today 55 percent of the population in the world lives in urban areas which is expected to increase to 68 percent by the year 2050. In the cities, high-rise buildings as symbols of the modern cityscape are dominating the skylines, but the data to demonstrate their embodied energy and environmental impacts are scarce, compared to low- or mid-rise buildings. Reducing the embodied energy and environmental impacts of buildings is critical as about 42 percent of primary energy use and 39 percent of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions come from the building sector. However, it is an overlooked area in embodied energy and environmental impacts of high-rise buildings. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used tool to quantify the embodied energy and environmental impacts of the building sector. LCA combined with Building Information Modeling (BIM) can simplify data acquisition of the building as well as provide both tools with feedback. Several studies recognize that the integration of BIM and LCA can simplify data acquisition of the building as well as provide tools with feedback. This article provides an overview of literature on BIM-based of embodied energy and environmental impacts of high-rise buildings. It also compares with different LCA methodologies. Finally, major strategies to reduce embodied energy and environmental impacts of high-rise buildings, research limitations and trends in the field are covered.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제71권5호
• /
• pp.563-576
• /
• 2019

According to The Concrete Centre, in the UK shear walls have become an inseparable part of almost every reinforced concrete frame building. Recently, the construction industry has questioned the need for shear walls in low to mid-rise RC frame buildings. This study tried to address the issue in two stages: The first stage, the feasibility of removing shear walls in an existing design for a residential building where ETABS and CONCEPT software were used to investigate the structural performance and cost-effectiveness respectively. The second stage, the same structure was examined in various locations in the UK to investigate regional effects. This study demonstrated that the building without shear wall could provide adequate serviceability and strength within the safe range defined by Eurocodes. As a result, construction time, overall cost and required concrete volume are reduced which in turn enhance the sustainability of concrete construction.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.63-84
• /
• 2013

A semi-active mass damping (SMD) system with magnetorheological (MR) dampers focusing on low- and mid-rise buildings is proposed in this paper. The main purpose of this study is to integrate the reliable characteristics of the traditional tuned mass damper (TMD) and the superior performance of the active mass damper (AMD) to the new system. In addition, the commonly seen solution of deploying dense seismic dampers throughout the structure nowadays to protect the main structure is also expected to switch to the developed SMD system on the roof with a similar reduction performance. In order to demonstrate this concept, a full-size three-story steel building representing a typical mid-rise building was used as the benchmark structure to verify its performance in real life. A numerical model with the interpolation technique integrated was first established to accurately predict the behavior of the MR dampers. The success of the method was proven through a performance test of the designated MR damper used in this research. With the support of the MR damper model, a specific control algorithm using a continuous-optimal control concept was then developed to protect the main structure while the response of the semi-active mass damper is discarded. The theoretical analysis and the experimental verification from a shaking table test both demonstrated the superior mitigation ability of the method. The proposed SMD system has been demonstrated to be readily implemented in practice.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.467-485
• /
• 2015

This paper presents a comprehensive work on determination of yield base shear coefficient and displacement ductility factor of three to eight story actual reinforced concrete buildings, instead of using generic frames. The building data is provided by a walkdown survey in different locations of the pilot areas. Very detailed three dimensional models of the selected buildings are generated by using the data provided in architectural and reinforcement projects. Capacity curves of the buildings are obtained from nonlinear static pushover analyses and each capacity curve is approximated with a bilinear curve. Characteristic points of capacity curve, the yield base shear capacity, the yield displacement and the ultimate displacement capacity, are determined. The calculated values of the yield base shear coefficients and the displacement ductility factors for directions into consideration are compared by those expected values given in different versions of Turkish Seismic Design Code. Although having sufficient lateral strength capacities, the deformation capacities of these typical mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings are found to be considerably low.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2018

Seismic isolation systems have typically been used in the form of base seams in mid-rise and low-rise buildings. In the case of high-rise buildings, it is difficult to apply the base isolation. In this study, the seismic response was analyzed by changing the installation position of the seismic isolation device in 3D high - rise model. To do this, we used 30-story and 40-story 3D buildings as example structures. Historic earthquakes such as Mexico (1985), Northridge (1994) and Rome Frieta (1989) were applied as earthquake loads. The installation position of the isolation device was changed from floor to floor to floor. The maximum deformation of the seismic isolation system was analyzed and the maximum interlaminar strain and maximum absolute acceleration were analyzed by comparing the LB model with seismic isolation device and the Fixed model, which is the base model without seismic isolation device. If an isolation device is installed on the lower layer, it is most effective in response reduction, but since the structure may become unstable, it is effective to apply it to an effective high-level part. Therefore, engineers must consider both structural efficiency and safety when designing a mid-level isolation system for high-rise buildings.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.1435-1452
• /
• 2015

The performance of masonry infilled frames during the past earthquakes shows that the infill panels play a major role as earthquake-resistant elements. Experimental observations regarding the influence of infill panels on increasing stiffness and strength of reinforced concrete structures reveal that such panels can be used in order to strengthen reinforced concrete frames. The present study examines the influence of infill panels on seismic behavior of RC frame structures. For this purpose, several low- and mid-rise RC frames (two-, four-, seven-, and ten story) were numerically investigated. Reinforced masonry infill panels were then placed within the frames and the models were subjected to several nonlinear incremental static and dynamic analyses. In order to determine the acceptance criteria and modeling parameters for frames as well as reinforced masonry panels, the Iranian Guideline for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Masonry Buildings (Issue No. 376), the Iranian Guideline for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Structures (Issue No. 360) and FEMA Guidelines (FEMA 273 and 356) were used. The results of analyses showed that the use of reinforced masonry infill panels in RC frame structures can have beneficial effects on structural performance. It was confirmed that the use of masonry infill panels results in an increment in strength and stiffness of the framed buildings, followed by a reduction in displacement demand for the structural systems.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.609-629
• /
• 2012

This study deals with the assessment of low and mid rise multi-story buildings made of stone and /or brick, composite steel and masonry slabs from the sixties, known to be vulnerable to seismic hazard using the "vulnerability index" method based on buildings survey following Ain Temouchent (1999) and Boumerdes (2003) earthquakes, from where vulnerability curves are constructed using the translation method. The results obtained for the case study confirm what has been observed in situ.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.791-808
• /
• 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to develop seismic fragility curves for existing reinforced concrete, RC, buildings based on the post earthquake field survey and the seismic performance using capacity design. Existing RC buildings constitute approximately 65% of the total stock in Algiers. This type of buildings, RC, was widely used in the past and chosen as the structural type for the future construction program of more than 2 millions apartments all over Algeria. These buildings, suffered moderate to extensive damage after the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake, on May 21st. The determination of analytical seismic fragility curves for low-rise and mid-rise existing RC buildings was carried out based on the consistent and complete post earthquake survey after that event. The information on the damaged existing RC buildings was investigated and evaluated by experts. Thirty four (34) communes (districts) of fifty seven (57), the most populated and affected by earthquake damage were considered in this study. Utilizing the field observed damage data and the Japanese Seismic Index Methodology, based on the capacity design method. Seismic fragility curves were developed for those buildings with a large number data in order to get a statistically significant sample size. According to the construction period and the code design, four types of existing RC buildings were considered. Buildings designed with pre-code (very poor structural behavior before 1955), Buildings designed with low code (poor structural behavior, between 1955-1981), buildings designed with medium code (moderate structural behavior, between 1981-1999) and buildings designed with high code (good structural behavior, after 1999).

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2017

This paper summarizes the structural concept and design of the "Nakanoshima Festival Tower West" in Osaka, Japan, which is 200m high and has a super-high damping system. Its superstructure is mainly composed of a central core and outer tube frames. It has a bottom truss structure at the boundary between the low-rise and mid-rise sections of the building, where the column arrangement is changed. Besides, the high-rise section of the building has a neck truss structure. These truss structures smoothly transfer the axial forces of the columns and reduce the flexural deformations induced by horizontal loads. Oil dampers with extremely high damping capacity are installed in the rigid walls named the "Big Wall Frames" of the low-rise section. Moreover, many braces and damping devices are well arranged in the center core of each story. The damping effects of these devices ensure that all structural members are remain within the elastic range and that story drifts are within 1/150 in large earthquakes. This super-high damping structure in the low-rise section is named the "Damping Layer". The whole structural system is named the "Super Damping Structure". The whole structural systems enhance the building's safety, comfort and Business Continuity Planning (BCP) under large earthquakes.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2022

지진 발생 시 방송통신서비스는 현장 구조 및 효과적인 복구 작업에 직결된다. 최근에 다양한 면진장치들이 방송통신설비의 심각한 피해를 방지하기 위하여 건물 층과 방송통신설비의 바닥부 사이에 설치하는 방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 하지만 긴 고유주기를 가진 건물은 공진현상에 따른 예상치 못한 응답증폭으로 인하여 더 큰 피해가 발생할 수도 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 두 개의 면진장치를 선정 후 중층, 고층건물의 해석적, 실험적 연구를 통하여 면진장치가 바닥부에 설치된 방송통신설비의 내진 안전성을 평가를 목표로 한다. 해석적 연구를 수행하여 가진 시 중층, 고층건물 최고층의 저주파수 영역대의 동적응답을 확인하였다. 또한 해석적 연구에서 확보한 층응답을 바닥부에 면진장치가 설치된 방송통신 설비를구비하여 실증 실험을 통해 내진안정성을 평가하였다.