• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3289-3292
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• 2013

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify clinical profiles of patients with low risk of having bone metastases, for which bone scanning could be safely eliminated. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study looked at prostate cancer patients seen in the Urology Departments in 2 tertiary centres over the 11 year period starting from January 2000 to May 2011. Patient demographic data, levels of PSA at diagnosis, Gleason score for the biopsy core, T-staging as well as the lymph node status were recorded and analysed. Results: 258 men were included. The mean age of those 90 men (34.9%) with bone metastasis was $69.2{\pm}7.3$ years. Logistic regression found that PSA level (P=0.000) at diagnosis and patient's nodal-stage (P=0.02) were the only two independent variables able to predict the probability of bone metastasis among the newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. Among thowse with a low PSA level less than 20ng/ml, and less than 10ng/ml, bone metastasis were detected in 10.3% (12 out of 117) and 9.7% (7 out of 72), respectively. However, by combining PSA level of 10ng/ml or lower, and nodal negative as the two criteria to predict negative bone scan, a relatively high negative predictive value of 93.8% was obtained. The probability of bone metastasis in prostate cancer can be calculated with this formula: -1.069+0.007(PSA value, ng/ml)+1.021(Nodal status, 0 or 1)=x Probability of bone metastasis=$2.718^x/1+2.718^x$. Conclusion: Newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients with a PSA level of 10ng/ml or lower and negative nodes have a very low risk of bone metastasis (negative predictive value 93.8%) and therefore bone scans may not be necessary.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.2888-2898
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• 2021

Vital area identification (VAI) is an essential procedure for the design of physical protection systems (PPSs) for nuclear power plants (NPPs). The purpose of PPS design is to protect vital areas. VAI has been improved continuously to overcome the shortcomings of previous VAI generations. In first-generation VAI, a sabotage fault tree was developed directly without reusing probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) results or information. In second-generation VAI, VAI model was constructed from all PSA event trees and fault trees. While in third-generation VAI, it was developed from the simplified PSA event trees and fault trees. While VAIs have been performed for NPPs in full-power operations, VAI for NPPs in low-power and shutdown (LPSD) operations has not been studied and performed, even though NPPs in LPSD operations are very vulnerable to sabotage due to the very crowded nature of NPP maintenance. This study is the first to research and apply VAI to LPSD operation of NPP. Here, the third-generation VAI method for full-power operation of NPP was adapted to the VAI of LPSD operation. In this study, LPSD VAI for a few plant operational states (POSs) was performed. Furthermore, the operation strategy of vital areas for both full-power and LPSD operations was discussed. The LPSD VAI method discussed in this paper can be easily applied to all POSs. The method and insights in this study can be important for future LPSD VAI that reflects various LPSD operational states. Regulatory bodies and electric utilities can take advantage of this LPSD VAI method.

• 멤브레인
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

There are growing needs to produce relatively high purity(99.0% or higher) oxygen at low cost. For small scale production, both pressure swing adsorption(PSA) and membrane process are competitive and less expensive or more convenient than well known cryogenic fractionation technology. A continuous membrane column(CMC) combined with a PSA oxygen generator can be employed to produce high purity oxygen continuously. The oxygen enriched gas generated by a PSA unit, with a concentration of 93~94%, is fed to the CMC that consism of three modules of poly(imide) hollow fibers. Several experiments were conducted by varying parameters, such as feed flow rate, transmembrane pressure drop, stage cut, and feed location in order to obtain a high oxygen concentration above 99.0%. A two-series unit mode was also employed with CMC operation to optimize the given membrane area.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 1994년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.91-97
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• 1994

본 연구의 목표는 제올라이트 분자체를 흡착제로 사용하여 99.99% 이상의 고순도 질소를 저렴하게 제조하는 PSA(Pressure Swing Adsorption)공정을 개발하고 상업화 설계 자료를 도출하는 것이다. PSA방법에 의한 질소제조는 기존의 심냉법보다 전력원단위가 낮을 뿐만 아니라 on-site방식으로 설치되어 운영되므로 수송경비를 절감할 수 있다. 이러한 장점 때문에 외국의 경우를 보면 PSA의 사용이 날로 증대되고 있다. 현재 국내에 설치중인 질소 PSA는 전량 수입에 의한 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 질소 PSA는 중소규모의 질소가스 사용처에 공급함으로써 에너지절감효과 뿐만아니라, 수입대체효과도 얻을 수 있다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.628-635
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• 2016

Natural gas reformed hydrogen is used as a fuel of fuel cell vehicle, PSA process is used for the purification of reformed hydrogen. In this study, the performance of CO adsorbent in PSA process was evaluated. Zeolite adsorbents used in the commercial PSA process is used. The physical and chemical properties of adsorbents were characterized using BET apparatus, XRD, and FE-SEM. The breakthrough apparatus modified from GC was used for the CO breakthrough experiment, the quantitative analysis of CO adsorption capacity was performed using CO breakthrough curve. Zeolite 10X and 13X showed superior CO adsorption capacity than activated alumina. The CO adsorption capacity of zeolite 10X is more than twice of zeolite 13X even the BET surface area is low. It seems that the presence of $Ca^{2+}$ cation in zeolite 10X is beneficial to the adsorption of CO.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2601-2611
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• 2015

Prostate cancer, with a lifetime prevalence of one in six men, is the second cause of malignancy-related death and the most prevalent cancer in men in many countries. Nowadays, prostate cancer diagnosis is often based on the use of biomarkers, especially prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which can result in enhanced detection at earlier stage and decreasing in the number of metastatic patients. However, because of the low specificity of PSA, unnecessary biopsies and mistaken diagnoses frequently occur. Prostate cancer has various features so prognosis following diagnosis is greatly variable. There is a requirement for new prognostic biomarkers, particularly to differentiate between inactive and aggressive forms of disease, to improve clinical management of prostate cancer. Research continues into finding additional markers that may allow this goal to be attained. We here selected a group of candidate biomarkers including PSA, PSA velocity, percentage free PSA, $TGF{\beta}1$, AMACR, chromogranin A, IL-6, IGFBPs, PSCA, biomarkers related to cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, PTEN, androgen receptor, cellular adhesion and angiogenesis, and also prognostic biomarkers with Genomic tests for discussion. This provides an outline of biomarkers that are presently of prognostic interest in prostate cancer investigation.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2013

In the specimen of free PSA in the low concentration, the result in % bias from our institution and comparable evaluation institution was -33.7% which is exceeded % bias ${\pm}20%$ ; however, it was the domestically allowable limit recommended by the laboratory accreditation commission for specimen at the low concentration. In this paper, the cause was accredited by instability of free PSA substance within the specimen, and the specimen stability test was performed according to CLSI documents GP29-A2. After the low and high concentration specimen were made, and rapidly cooled down in a deep freezer with $-30^{\circ}C$, serum of two concentrations was measured for 10 consecutive days with 3 times a day by Architect i2000 and observed a change in the mean value. As the results of two groups, there were changes in the established target value, and a change level was evaluated by calculating it with % bias. The low concentration specimen had no significant reduction until the 4 day lapse in cold storage. However, % bias were reduced by -17.5% from the 5 day lapse, by 21.5% after the 7 day lapse, and by -26.9% after the 9 day lapse. The frozen specimen had only intra-day variation for 10 days. In the high concentration specimen, bias began to show as -12.2% from the 3 day lapse in cold storage. There was reduction by -28.9% from the 5 day lapse, by -39% after the 7 day lapse, and by -42.9% after the 9 day lapse. In the frozen specimen, there was only intra-day variation like the low concentration specimen in cold storage.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1994년도 심포지움시리즈 Jan-94 기체분리막 기술 및 응용
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• pp.1-21
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• 1994

There are growing needs to produce relatively high purity (99.0% or higher) oxygen at low cost. For small scale production, both pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and membrane process are competitve and less expensive or more convient than well known crygenic fractionation technology. A continuous membrane colume (CMC) combined with a PSA oxygen generator can be employed to produce high purity oxygen continuosly. The oxygen-enriched gas generated by a PSA unit, with a concentration of 93-94%, is fed to the CMC that consists of three modules of poly(imide) hollow fibers. Several experiments were conducted by varying parameters, such feed flow rate, transmenbrane pressure drop, stage cut, and feed location in order to obtain a high oxygen concentration above 99.0%. A two-series unit mode was also employed with CMC operation to optimize the given membrane area.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2015년도 특별논문집
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• pp.96-99
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• 2015

Norwegian Continental Shelf(NCS) is known as rich oil & gas reservoir and takes one third(1/3) of total continental shelf of Europe.(As of year 2013, Norway ranked third in the world in terms of exporting natural gas.) Until recent low oil price stream, development of oil & gas in NCS was active and perceived as profitable business. This paper describes study of living quarter fire protection for PSA AoC to prepare for likely increasing demands of offshore projects in NCS field.

• 대한비뇨기종양학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2018

Purpose: We evaluated the relationship of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and obesity indices (weight, body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]) in Korean middle-aged men. Materials and Methods: From February to September 2013, 1,900 police men under 60 years old who participated in a prostate health screening program were included this cross-sectional study. All subjects underwent clinical examinations including weight, height, BMI, WC, fasting blood sugar, lipid profiles, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and PSA. Total prostate volume (TPV) was assessed clinically. Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression tests were performed to evaluate the obesity indices and PSA relationships. Results: The mean age was $52.0{\pm}4.7years$, and the mean PSA was $0.97{\pm}0.99ng/mL$. The PSA showed a significant positive correlation with the age (r=0.108, p<0.01), TPV (r=0.349, p<0.01), height (r=-0.052, p<0.05), weight (r=0.186, p<0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.056, p<0.05), and GFR (r=-0.096, p<0.01). All obesity indices including weight, BMI, and WC showed negative correlations with PSA (beta=-0.013, p<0.001; beta=-0.039, p<0.001; and beta=-0.010, p=0.005; respectively) in age and TPV-adjusted model. Conclusions: Common obesity indices (weight, BMI, and WC) were associated with lower PSA in Korean middle-aged population. Thus, an individual's degree of obesity should be considered when PSA is checked in the first prostate cancer screening of life.