• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 1997

We have studied the IR properties of molecular clouds in the region of the supershell GS234-02 using IRAS and COBE data. The mean values of dust color temperature and optical depth at $240{\mu}m$ are derived to be $15.4\pm1.5K\; and\;9.0\pm5.7\times10^{-4}$, respectively, which agree well with those determined by Sodroski et al.(1994) for the outer Galaxy. Mean IRAS colors, $R_{12}/100= 0.074,\; R_{25}/100= 0.052,\; R_{60/100}= 0.219$, indicate that the abundance of PAHs is enhanced but other particles are nearly the same as those of the solar neighborhood. We found the anticorrelation between $R_{100/140}\;and\;R_{140/240}$. It cannot be explained by the thermal emission of traditional big grains. The anticorrelation implies that, at high ISRF, $T_{100/140}$ underestimates the equilibrium temperature, while $T_{140/240}$ overestimates it and, at low ISRF, vice versa. Therefore we propose to use the intensity ratio, $R_{100/240}$ as a dust thermometer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.247-248
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• 2010

This study is of manufacturing artificial lightweight aggregates using industrial wastes. The ingredients for manufacturing lightweight aggregate were stone sludge and bottom ash for main materials, and steel slag(SS), glass abrasive sludge(GS) and blast furnace slag(BS) respectively for accessory material. Their precursors were sintered in the range of $1,050{\sim}1,150^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. The sintered results show that the lightweight aggregate with SS had low water absorption ratio and density at $1,150^{\circ}C$. There's a possibility that if GS is used more than the range of this study, GS can be manufactured lightweight aggregate. But it is judged that BS are incongruent to be used for a raw material of lightweight aggregate.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.531-539
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• 1996

The lectin-binding patterns in the testis of the sexually matured Jindo dog were investigated to study the distribution of glycoconjugates in the seminiferous tubule under light and transmission electron microscopy. Positive reactions to Wheat germ agglutinin(WGA) and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) were observed in the Sertoli cell and in the residual body of spermatid with a stronger reaction in the Sertoli cell to the lectins than in the residual body. Strong reactions to Soybean agglutinin(SBA) and Peanut agglutinin(PNA) were observed in the acrosome vesicles of the Golgi- and cap-phase spermatid, while a moderate reaction was observed in the acrosome-phase, maturation-phase spermatid and the residual body. The acrosome area of the spermatid reacted intensively to Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin( GS-I) when the cell was in the acrosome-phase and maturation-phase, and the same reaction to the GS-I was observed in the residual body. However, the seminiferous tubule did not react to Ulex europeus agglutinin I(UEA-I). The gold-labelling of the Sertoli cells with DBA resulted in positive reactions of the Sertoli cell column and processes when observed under the electron microscopy, while the Golgi-, cap- and acrosome-phase spermatids reacted positively to SBA in the peripheral low-dense area of the acrosome vesicle of spermatid. Based on these results, we concluded that differences in the lectin-binding pattern of the seminiferous tubules were recognized in the Jindo dog compared to other animals.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.465-475
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to evaluate spatial and temporal effects of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the water quality of downstreams (Tan Stream, TS; Daemyeong Stream, DS; Gwangju Stream, GS, and Kap Stream, KS) located in four major watersheds along with impact analysis of nutrient enrichments on the WWTPs during 2004~2008. In the four streams, seasonal means of BOD, COD, TN, and TP were significantly (p<0.01) greater in the downstreams ($D_s$) than the upstreams ($U_s$). The removal effect of nutrients (nitrogen, and phosphorus) from the WWTPs was much less than the BOD, indicating a greater nutrient impact on the downstreams. Seasonal dilution of organic matter, based on BOD, during the summer monsoon of July~September was most pronounced in the downstreams of all four watersheds. However, mean TN in the downstreams during the monsoon varied little in all four streams. Regression analysis of TN in the downstreams against TN from the WWTPs showed that in the TS, and DS regression slopes in the upstreams were similar to the slopes of downstream but there was a significant difference in the GS (p<0.001) and KS (p<0.01). Tan-Stream WWTP showed low removal efficiency of BOD and COD concentrations, compared to the nutrients, whereas, two WWTPs of Gwangju and Kap Stream had low removal effects in TN and TP. Regression analysis of TN and BOD in the downstreams showed that they was closely related (p<0.01) with stream water volume only in the GS. Our data analysis suggests that greater treatment efficiencies of phosphorus and nitrogen from the WWTPs may improve the downstream water quality.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.647-654
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• 2013

The design and analysis of analog circuit application on CMOS technology are a challenge in deep sub-micrometer process. This paper is a study on the performance value of Double Gate (DG) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with Gate Stack and the channel engineering Single Halo (SH), Double Halo (DH). Four different structures have been analysed keeping channel length constant. The short channel parameters and different sub-threshold analog figures of merit (FOMs) are analysed. This work extensively provides the device structures which may be applicable for high speed switching and low power consumption application.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 2007

20 GHz and 40 GHz micro/millimeter-wave photonic pulse trains have been generated from a fiber ring laser with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) by injecting 2 GHz gain-switched Fabry-Perot laser diode (GS-FPLD) output. To achieve efficient cross-gain modulation in the SOA at 20 GHz and 40 GHz, individual lasing modes of the 2 GHz GS-FPLD output separated to 25 and 50 picoseconds respectively by passing dispersion compensating fibers.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.619-620
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• 2006

This paper presents a design of a 6-bit 2.704Gsamples/s D/A converter (DAC) for DS-CDMA UWB transceivers. The proposed DAC was designed with a current steering segmented 4+2 architecture for high frequency sampling rate. For low glitches, optimized deglitch circuit is adopted for the selection of current sources. The measured integral nonlinearity (INL) is -0.081 LSB and the measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) is -0.065 LSB. The DAC implemented in a 0.13um CMOS technology shows s spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 50dB from dc to Nyquist frequency. The prototype DAC consumes 28mW for a Nyquist sinusoidal output signal at a 2.704Gsamples/s. The chip has an active area of $0.76mm^2$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2001

Nitrate grown cells of cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum, transferred to nitrogen stress, evolved nitrogenase catalyzed $H_2$ under microaerophilic condition. Nitrogen ($N_2$) in gs phase, low light intensity, and reducing substances in incubation phase stimulated $N_2$fixation ($H_2\;evolution$). Cyanobacterium grew slowly under microaerobic condition with a low intracellular ammonia pool. Nitrogen sources (${NO_3}^-,{NH_4}^+,\;and\;CH_3NH_3$) inhibited nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase (GS) transferase activity, and methylamine behaved like an ammonical nitrogen source. Depletion of molybdenum (Mo) and addition of tungsten (W) in the incubation medium inhibited $H_2$ evolution, Cyanobacterium was able to take up nitrate and expressed nitrate reductase (NR) activity under microaerophilic condition at an extremely slow rate.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.695-702
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• 2015

A 1-V 1.6-GS/s 5.58-ENOB flash ADC with a high-speed time-domain comparator is proposed. The proposed time-domain comparator, which consumes low power, improves the comparison capability in high-speed operations and results in the removal of preamplifiers from the first-stage of the flash ADC. The time interpolation with two factors, implemented using the proposed time-domain comparator array and SR latch array, reduces the area and power consumption. The proposed flash ADC has been implemented using a 65-nm 1-poly 8-metal CMOS process with a 1-V supply voltage. The measured DNL and INL are 0.28 and 0.41 LSB, respectively. The SNDR is measured to be 35.37 dB at the Nyquist frequency. The FoM and chip area of the flash ADC are 0.38 pJ/c-s and $620{\times}340{\mu}m^2$, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1404-1410
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• 2012

In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of several mixtures of high tanniniferous non legumes with low tanniniferous legumes on in vitro gas production (IVGP), dry matter degradation, Ammonia-N, methane production and microbial population. Eight treatments were examined in a randomized complete block design using four non-legumes and two legumes (Carallia integerrima${\times}$Leucaena leucocephala (LL) (Trt 1), C. integerrima${\times}$Gliricidia sepium (GS) (Trt 2), Aporosa lindeliyana${\times}$LL (Trt 3), A. lindeliyana${\times}$GS (Trt 4), Ceiba perntandra${\times}$LL (Trt 5), C. perntandra${\times}$GS (Trt 6), Artocarpus heterophyllus${\times}$LL (Trt 7), A. heterophyllus${\times}$GS (Trt 8). The condensed tannin (CT) content of non legumes ranged from 6.2% (Carallia integerrima) to 4.9% (Ceiba perntandra) while the CT of legumes were 1.58% (Leucaena leucocephala) and 0.78% (Gliricidia sepium). Forage mixtures contained more than 14% of crude protein (CP) while the CT content ranged from 2.8% to 4.0% respectively. Differences (p<0.05) were observed in in vitro gas production (IGVP) within treatments over a 48 h period dominated by C. perntandra${\times}$G. sepium (Trt 6). The net gas production (p<0.05) was also high with Trt6 followed by A. heterophyllus${\times}$L. leucocephala (Trt 7) and A. heterophyllus${\times}$G. sepium (Trt 8). Highest (p>0.05) NH3-N (ml/200 mg DM) production was observed with the A. heterophyllus${\times}$G. sepium (Trt 8) mixture which may be attributed with it's highest CP content. The correlation between IVGP and CT was 0.675 while IVGP and CP was 0.610. In vitro dry matter degradation (IVDMD) was highest in Trt 8 as well. Methane production ranged from 2.57 to 4.79 (ml/200 mg DM) to be synonimous with IVGP. A higher bacteria population (p<0.05) was found in C. perntandra${\times}$G. sepium (Trt 6) followed by Artocarpus heterophyllus+G. sepium (Trt 8) and the same trend was observed with the protozoa population as well. The results show that supplementing high tannin non leguminous forages by incremental substitution of legume forage increased gas production parameters, NH3-N, IVDMD and microbial population in the fermentation liquid. Methane production was not significantly affected by the presence of CT or different levels of CP in forage mixtures. Among non legumes, Ceiba perntandra and Artocarpus heterophyllus performed better in mixture with L. leucocephala and G. sepium.