• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2016

Across the world, the industrialization has increased the frequency of climate anomaly. The size of damage due to recent natural disasters is growing large and fast, and the human damage and economic loss due to disasters are consistently increasing. Urbanization has a structure vulnerable to natural disasters. Therefore, in order to reduce damage from natural disasters, both hardware and software approaches should be utilized. Currently, however, the development of a statistical access process for 'analysis of disaster occurrence factor' and 'prediction of damage costs' for disaster prevention and overall disaster management is inadequate. In case of local governments, overall disaster management system is not established, or even if it is established, unscientific classification system and management lead to low utility of natural statistics of disaster year book. Therefore, in order to minimize disaster damage and for rational disaster management, the disaster damage survey process should be improved. This study selected gale as the focused analysis target among natural disasters recorded in disaster year book such as storm, torrential rain, gale, high seas, and heavy snow, and analyzed disaster survey process. Based on disaster year book, the gale damage size was analyzed and the issues occurring from the correlation of gale and damage amount were examined, so as to suggest an improvement plan for reliable natural disaster information collection and systematic natural disaster damage survey.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.620-625
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• 2017

Recently, the solar module for charging internet devices is installed in crowded areas to offers services so that people can charge their smartphones or tablets. But this charging module can not be linked with the information related to a bus approach so people are subject to let their belongings such as smartphone, tablet pc at the bus stop while they are still charging it. This paper proposes a system to inform the smart phone when the bus is accessed by using the LPWA technology and BLE technology to resolve such under-failures. This experimental result showed that the power usage of LPWA based bus entry systems is an average of X, confirming that the long period usage of low-power can be possible for low power consumption in this results, enabling information on the bus to be transmitted to smart phones using Advertising mode of BLE.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.395-402
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• 2019

The development and operation of the MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) is being actively discussed for more efficient and safer maritime transportation solutions. The autonomous navigation technology has positive aspects such as the prevention of marine accidents, improvement of fuel efficiency of ships and cost reduction, and negative aspects such as job loss, task change, and security problems. It is expected that there will be new human element issues such as the situation awareness of remote operators, because the shore-based control will be conducted when fully autonomous ships are in operation. In this paper, we consider major human element issues that should be factored in the development and operation of MASS, and suggest a method of HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) for P IFs (Performance Influencing Factors) of the remote operators that are expected according to the shore-based control.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1085-1094
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• 1994

We propose a traffic flow control scheme of B-NT with temporary cell buffering and selective cell discarding to prevent congestion state of the network nodes in B-ISDN systems to reduce or suppress output cell strams towards T interface. We define the states of the network nodes as normal, pre-congestion, and congestion. In a pre-congestion state, the loss-sensitive traffic is temporarily buffered to slow down the rate of the output traffic streams. In a congestion state, the delay-sensitive traffic is selectively discarded to suppress the output traffic streams as possible in addition to the cell buffering. We model the input cell streams and the states of the network nodes with Interrupted Bernoulli Process and 3-state Markov chain to analyze the performance of the proposed scheme in the B-NT system. The appropriate size of the cell buffer is explored by means of simulation and the influence on the performance of the proposed scheme by the network node state is discussed. As results, more than 2,00 cells of buffer size is needed for the control of medium of lower than the medium, degree of congestion occurrence in the network node while the control of high degree of congestion occurrence is nearly impossible.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.5
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• pp.575-582
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• 2009

With all merits of electronic documents, there exist threats to the security such as illegal outflow, destroying, loss, distortion, etc. The techniques to protect the electronic documents against illegal forgery, alteration, removal are strongly requested. Even though various security technologies have been developed for electronic documents, most of them are emphasized to prevention of forgery or repudiation. This paper presents some problems in cryptography technologies currently used in the existing electronic document systems, and offer efficient methods to adopt cryptography algorithms to improve and secure the electronic document systems. To validate performance of the proposed random rearrangement method comparing with the existing cryptographies, basic elements have been compared, and it has been proved that the proposed method gives better results both in security and efficiency.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.352-373
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• 2003

Rhamnose-rich (RROP-s) and fucose-rich (FROP-s) oligo-and polysaccharides were prepared and extensively characterised by physical and chemical procedures [1,2] and compared to L-fucose. Their biological properties were then studied on human skin fibroblast cell cultures, human skin explant cultures and on hairless rat skin, using a variety of cell-biological, biochemical and computerised morphometrical procedures. Among the most important properties we could establish, the following are of particular interest for the tretment and prevention of age-dependent modifications of human skin (loss of skin-tissue, cells and matrix, wrinkle formation and others) : stimulation of cell proliferation (by $^3$[H]-thymidine incorporation and the MTT test), scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using several different procedures, and protease (MMP-2 and MMP-9) down-regulation. A topical preparation, using RROP-s and FROP-s, and/or L-fucose, was shown to increase cell proliferation, dermal matrix synthesis, efficient scavenging of ROS-s and to increase also the thickness of dermal tissue when applied for 4 weeks on hairless rat skin, accompanied by the densification of collagen bundles as well as by an increase of elastin synthesis. Using fluorescent labeled FROPs, it could be shown that these oligosaccharides react with cell-membrane receptors and especially with the elastin-laminin-receptor and the fucose-mannose receptor, but they penetrate also in the cell nucleus, suggesting the possibility of a direct action on the regulation of gene expression. When applied to the human skin of a team of voluntary women encompassing all age-groups, the efficiency of FROP-containing preparation could be confirmed using indentometry and computerised evaluation of skin micro-relief, as well as evaluation of periorbital wrinkles. It appears therefore that these preparations correspond to all the requirements of active anti-aging principles.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2014

In Korean Cosmetic Act, four uses of functional cosmetics are recognized: skin whitening, anti-wrinkle, UV protection or suntan. Cosmeceuticals, one of the functional cosmetics, have been specifically developed for medical and cosmetic benefits. However, the uses of cosmeceuticals in patent applications are not limited to those of functional cosmetics, and the number is increasing with variety of medical use claims such as anti-inflammatory, prevention of hair loss, or obesity in cosmeceutical patent applications. Since some of the cosmeceutical use claims are not clearly distinguished from medical use claims in pharmaceuticals, there has been a controversy over the extent of granting patents regarding the medical use of cosmeceuticals. In this article, we have investigated the range of medical uses in patented claims of functional cosmetics, summarized examiners' views and discussed the examination practice of cosmetic-related inventions in the United States, Europe, and Japan.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2012

Osteoporosis is characterized by the reduced density of mineralized bone matrix. The loss of bone has been attributed to an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. The silkmoth is one of the famous traditional tonic medicines. Silkworm pupa was evaluated for its antiosteoporotic activity in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis. The rats were ovariectomized at 6weeks of age and divided into 7 groups. All the groups were fed without calcium diet. The OVX rats were treated with water and silkworm powder for 6 weeks. In OVX rats, the body weight, feeding and water intake quantity did not show a significant change, but the silkworm pupa powder immediately before the eclosion of Yeonrokjam was significantly increased the bone mineral density in the femoral bone. The silkworm pupa powder increased the bone with increasing calcium in serum. These results also showed its protective action through promotion of bone formation. The silkworm pupa powder has a definite antiosteoporotic effect; similar to estrogen, it is especially effective for the prevention of bone fracture induced by estrogen deficiency. The silkworm pupa powder is a promising anti-osteoporotic agent that can prevent bone fractures in osteoporotic patients. The silkworm pupa powder does not show serious side effects because natural herbal medicine origin.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.705-711
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• 2016

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures; sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was $15.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and C/N ratio was 20.3. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference among the soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover for sandy loam and loam was $2.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, $0.8{\sim}1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than that of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover increased with delaying harvest time. Nitrogen contribution in loam and clay loam was $51.3kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $53.5kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, in terms of flowering properties and dry weight, the proper soil texture for the growth and development of crimson clover was sandy loam and loam.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.383-392
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• 1998

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and constitutes one of the most important major pubulic health problems world wide. Therefore, in order to be helped early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, measurement of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is to be needed. Authors has analysed Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of 480 normal adults who visited woo suk unoversity Oriental Meclical Center from April 1998 to July 1998. The aims of this study is to investigate correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and age distribution, to examine the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity. The results were as follows. 1. In distribution of age, the peak bone density of lumbar spine was noted around 30 years, and the peak bone density of the femoral neck was noted around 20 years. The age related loss of bone density follows soon after peak density. And the signifficant difference was revealed between lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density (p<0.001) 2. In distribution of sex, the bone density in male was signifficantly higher than in female (p<0.001). 3. In the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in obese group was signifficantly higher than in non-obese group. Especially, in female from 50 up to 69 years, BMD had a positive correlation with Body mass index(BMI).