• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제15권1E호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1996

We proposed to use shear waves instead of longitudinal waves in a STAM (scanning tomographic acoustic microscope system) in which the specimens are solid. For any specimen with a shear modulus, mode conversion will take place at the water-solid interface. Some of the energy of the insonifying longitudinal waves in the water will convert to shear wave energy within the specimen. The shear wave energy is detectable and can be used for tomographic reconstruction. The resolution limitation of STAM depends on the available angular view and the acoustic wavelength. While wave transmission in most solid specimens is limited to about 20°for longitudinal waves, we show that it is about twice that high for shear waves. Since the wavelength of the shear wave is shorter than that of the longitudinal wave, we are able to achieve the high resolution. In order to compare the operation of a shear-wave STAM with that of the conventional longitudinal-wave STAM we have simulated tomographic reconstruction for each. Our simulation results with aluminum specimen and back-and-forth propagation algorithm showed resolution of a shear-wave STAM is better than that of a longitudinal-wave STAM.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2017

This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of composite floor slab comprised by a new steel sheet and concrete slab. The strength of composite slabs depends mainly on the strength of the connection between the steel sheet and concrete, which is denoted by longitudinal shear strength. The composite slabs have three main failures modes, failure by bending, vertical shear failure and longitudinal shear failure. These modes are based on the load versus deflection curves that are obtained in bending tests. The longitudinal shear failure is brittle due to the mechanical connection was not capable of transferring the shear force until the failure by bending occurs. The vertical shear failure is observed in slabs with short span, large heights and high concentrated loads subjected near the supports. In order to analyze the behavior of the composite slab with a new steel sheet, six bending tests were undertaken aiming to provide information on their longitudinal shear strength, and to assess the failure mechanisms of the proposed connections. Two groups of slabs were tested, one with 3000 mm in length and other with 1500 mm in length. The tested composite slabs showed satisfactory composite behavior and longitudinal shear resistance, as good as well, the analysis confirmed that the developed sheet is suitable for use in composite structures without damage to the global behavior.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.2770-2781
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• 1996

Longitudinal shear modulus of continuous fiber reinforced 2-phase composites is predicted by theoretical and numerical analysis methods. In this paper, circular, hexagonal and rectangular shapes of reinforced fiber are considered using unit cell concept. And fiber array is regular rectangular and hexagonal fiber arrangement. Longitudinal shear modulus is a function of fiber distribution pattern and fiber volume change. It is found that the rectangular array has a higher longitudinal shear modulus than the hexagonal one. Also, the rectangular fiber shape in lower fiber volume fraction and the circular fiber shape in higher fiber volume fraction show the higher longitudinal shear modulus. And it has been found that the theoretical and numerical predictions of the longitudinal shear modulus give a good agreement with the experimental data at lower fiber volume fraction. Both the distance and stress transfer between the fibers are discussed as the major determing factors.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1998년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring 1998
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• pp.120-127
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• 1998

This paper deals with the dynamic responses of the multi-span continuous bridge with longitudinal shear keys. It is motivated by a need to understand the effects of longitudinal shear keys which may be used for the reduction of the longitudinal seismic force in continuous bridges. The results show that (1) The force reduction of fixed pier is proportional to the ratio of gap size and elastic maximum displacement of the bridges without shear keys ; (2) The thermal movement has little effect on the response of the continuous bridges with shear keys. Also the simplified equation is proposed to calculate the maximum response of the continuous bridges with longitudinal shear keys. The equation requires only the elastic analysis results of the bridge and the gap size between superstructure and shear keys.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2012

Cold-formed steel profile sheets acting as decks have been popularly used in composite slab systems in steel structural works, since it acts as a working platform as well as formwork for concreting during construction stage and also as tension reinforcement for the concrete slab during service. In developing countries like India, this system of flooring is being increasingly used due to the innate advantage of these systems. Three modes of failure have been identified in composite slab such as flexural, vertical shear and longitudinal shear failure. Longitudinal shear failure is the one which is difficult to predict theoretically and therefore experimental methods suggested by Eurocode 4 (EC 4) of four point bending test is in practice throughout world. This paper presents such an experimental investigation on embossed profile sheet acting as a composite deck where in the longitudinal shear bond characteristics values are evaluated. Two stages, brittle and ductile phases were observed during the tests. The cyclic load appears to less effect on the ultimate shear strength of the composite slab.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.795-803
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• 2004

현행 구조설계기준식에서는 취성적으로 파괴하는 최소전단보강철근 파괴를 방지하기 위하여 철근콘크리트 보에 최소전단보강철근을 배근하도록 규정하고 있다. 최소전단철근비는 콘크리트의 압축강도와 함께 주인장철근비와 전단경간비에 영향을 받는다. 이 연구에서는 주인장철근비와 전단경간비가 철근콘크리트 보의 최소전단철근비에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 14개의 철근콘크리트 보를 실험하였다. 실험에 의하면 전단 여유율은 주인장철근비가 증가할수록 증가하였고, 전단경간비가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 실험 결과는 ACI 318-02 기준식과 선행 연구의 제안식과 비교되었다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2000

Effective shear modulus of continuous fiber reinforced polymeric composites is measured using a modified Iosipescu Shear Test(IST) and compared with data obtained by finite element analyses that a concept of unit cell is. It is found that the numerical results of the longitudinal shear modulus give a good agreement with experimental data at lower fiber volume fraction. In this paper, both the distance and stress transfer between the fibers are discussed as the major factors.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2010

횡하중을 받는 RC 기둥의 전단강도는 기둥의 변위연성도가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 연성도의 증가에 따른 전단강도의 감소율은 초기전단강도에 따라 크게 좌우되므로 이를 합리적으로 예측하기 위해서는 초기전단강도의 평가가 매우 중요하다. 기둥의 전단거동은 단면모양, 형상비, 축력, 축방향철근비, 연성도 등 다양한 요인에 의하여 영향을 받아 복잡하다. 본 연구에서는 형상비, 단면의 중공비, 축방향철근비, 중공 및 중실단면을 변수로 하는 시험체를 제작하여 실험적 연구를 수행하여 전단거동특성을 살펴보았다. 또한, 축방향철근이 전단강도에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 형상비와 축력을 고려한 기존의 초기전단평가식을 보완하였으며, 그 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2015

Cardiac myocytes are subjected to fluid shear stress during each contraction and relaxation. Under pathological conditions, such as valve disease, heart failure or hypertension, shear stress in cardiac chamber increases due to high blood volume and pressure. The shear stress induces proarrhythmic longitudinal global $Ca^{2+}$ waves in atrial myocytes. In the present study, we further explored underlying cellular mechanism for the shear stress-induced longitudinal global $Ca^{2+}$ wave in isolated rat atrial myocytes. A shear stress of ${\sim}16dyn/cm^2$ was applied onto entire single myocyte using pressurized fluid puffing. Confocal $Ca^{2+}$ imaging was performed to measure local and global $Ca^{2+}$ signals. Shear stress elicited longitudinally propagating global $Ca^{2+}$ wave (${\sim}80{\mu}m/s$). The occurrence of shear stress-induced atrial $Ca^{2+}$ wave was eliminated by the inhibition of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors ($IP_3Rs$). In addition, pretreatment of phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, but not its inactive analogue U73343, abolished the generation of longitudinal $Ca^{2+}$ wave under shear stress. Our data suggest that shear-induced longitudinal $Ca^{2+}$ wave may be induced by $Ca^{2+}$-induced $Ca^{2+}$ release through the RyRs which is triggered by $PLC-IP_3R$ signaling in atrial myocytes.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.374-377
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• 2006

The measured longitudinal reinforcement tensions in the shear-critical RC beams were significantly higher than the calculated values by the beam theory. This may be attributed to the reduction of the internal-moment arm length by the development of the arch action. In this paper, the measured longitudinal reinforcement tensions in the test performed by Kim were compared with those predicted by the new truss model on the basis of the compatibility condition of the shear deformation.