• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.168-172
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• 2007

Objective : Hirabayashi's open-door laminoplasty is a good procedure to use to treat patients with myelopathy of the cervical spine; however, the authors have experienced problems in maintaining an open-window in cervical spines after the surgery. The authors developed a modified method of the expanded open-door laminoplasty and compared the radiological and clinical results with those of the classical method. Methods : In the modified method, wiring fixation with lateral mass screws on the contra lateral-side instead of fixing the paraspinal muscle or facet joint, as in the classical methods, was used in the open window of the cervical spine. Fifteen patients with cervical myelopathy were treated using the classical method and 12 patients were treated using the modified method. Preoperative and postoperative clinical conditions were assessed according to the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. The radiological results were compared with the preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) findings. Results : In both methods, the clinical results revealed a significant improvement in neurological function (p<0.001). Image analysis revealed that the cervical canals were continuously expanded in patients treated using the modified methods. However, authors have observed restenosis during the follow-up periods in 4 patients treated using the original method. Progression to deformity and spinal instability were not observed in any of the patients in the radiological results. Conclusion : Although analysis with a larger population and a longer follow-up period needs to be undertaken, our modified open-door laminoplasty has shown an advantage in better maintaining an open window in comparison with the Hirabayashi's open-door laminoplasty.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1990

The role of cervical proprioceptors in the control of body posture was studied in bilaterally labyrinth-ectomized, decerebrate cats. The animals were suspended on hip pins with the neck extended horizontally. With this placement the EMG activities of extensor and flexor muscles of the upper extremities were observed by means of sinusoidal head rotator. The rotator can induce two kinds of neck movement: The one is 'pitch' which describes a rotatory neck motion to transverse axis of the body and mainly occurs at skull-C1 (atlantooccipital) joint and the other is 'roll', side-to-side relation of the neck to longitudinal axis, whose center is C1-C2 (atlanto-axial) joint. The following results were obtained. 1) Responses of EMG activity were closely dependent on the rotatory range of the neck. And the EMG activity was not changed during sustained neck torsion, eliciting a typical tonic neck reflex. 2) On pitching movement, the head-up rotation produced the excitation of bilateral triceps muscles, whereas the head-down rotation produced the inhibition. And the response of bilateral biceps muscles was the opposite to that of triceps. 3) On rolling movement, the side-up rotation of the head produced the excitation of ipsilateral triceps muscles and the inhibition of contralateral ones. And the response of biceps muscles was the opposite to that of triceps. 4) The minimum requirement of motion to evoke EMG activities in the upper extremities was $3.2^{\circ}{\sim}12.5^{\circ}$. These results have shown that the cervical proprioceptors produce tonic discharge on the upper brachial muscles, regulate the EMG activities of those muscles, and are very sensitive to neck rotation. And it can be stated that the cervical proprioceptors may play an important role in the control of body posture and movement.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.443-449
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• 2002

The morphological studies on the rectal development in the 60-, 90- and 120-day-old fetuses and neonates of Korean native goats were investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The rectal wall appeared to be differentiated into the epithelium, lamina propria, tunica muscularis and serosa in 60-day-old fetus. The rectal epithelia were stratified in some areas and simple columnar in others at 60- and 90-day-old fetuses but was only observed simple columnar epithelium at 120-day-old fetus. The goblet cells and the intestinal glands appeared in the rectal mucosa at 90-day-old fetus and gradually increase in number during gestation period. The rectal villi appeared at 60-day-old fetus and increased in length and width until 90-day-old fetus but the villi appeared to be shorter and degenerated after 120-day-old fetus. Only the rudiment trace of the villi remained at birth. The tunica muscularis of the rectum were continuously developed during gestation period. The inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers of rectum were observed in the 120-day-old fetuses. Under scanning electron microsoopy, the rectal villi appeared at 60-day-old fetus. The pentagonal/hexagonal microridges and numerous microvilli were observed on the luminal surface of rectal wall. Low and thumb-like rectal villi were developed at 90-day-old fetus. The rectal villi became degenerated after 120-day-old fetus. Only the rudiment of villi was remained at birth. Many circular folds were well developed. Opening portions of intestinal glands appeared like slot.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.7 s.276
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• pp.520-522
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• 2007

Bronchogenic cysts are usually located in the pulmonary parenchyma or mediastinum. When they are located in the mediastinum, they are usually near the bronchus or esophagus, but they are rarely at an intramural location of the esophagus. It is very difficult to differentiate between bronchogenic cyst and esophageal cyst before the operation. We report here on a patient for whom the preoperative diagnosis was supposed to be an esophageal cyst. The esophageal cyst was excised through the longitudinal division of the esophageal muscular layer without injury of the mucosa after right thoracotomy. The pathologic report revealed intramural bronchogenic cyst. We report here of a case of bronchogenic cyst that was located in the muscle layer of the lower esophagus.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active abduction exercise of the great toe on the medial and lateral sesamoid bones in hallux valgus (HV) patients by measuring radiography. Methods: In this study 27 young subjects were separated into two groups (normal group and HV group). Two pictures were taken by radiography while maintaining resting and while holding maximal active abduction of the great toe in sitting position on an x-ray table. All radiographs were used to measure the distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bone from the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal bone, respectively. Paired t-test was used for analysis of the resting and active abduction exercise in groups. Independent t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance between normal group and HV group. The statistical significance level was p<0.05. Results: In active abduction exercise of the normal group, distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones was not significantly different compared to resting condition. In active abduction exercise of the HV group, change of distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones showed statistically significant difference compared to resting condition. The distance between the medial sesamoid bone showed a more significant decrease in the HV vs. normal group, while the distance between the lateral sesamoid bone was significantly greater in the HV vs. normal group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that active abduction exercises, to reduce or prevent deterioration of the HV angle, should be considered for sesamoid bone displacement to improve muscle balance in the great toe.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.593-599
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• 2005

An abattoir study on the abdominal fat necrosis in adult cattle was performed pathologically. Grossly, masses of fat necrosis were leekgreen in colour, lobulated on the cut surface, and saponificated in the texture. These necrotic adipose tissues infiltrated usually into neighboring parenchymal organs including intestines and pancreas, leading to fibrosis or atrophy of them. Histopathologically, necrotic fat cells contained acidophilic, opaque, amorphous substance or basophilic fibrillar or granular minerals in their cytoplasms. The lesions of fat necrosis were divided by fibroconnective tissue. With increase of the severity, necrotic fat cells fused each other and then formed fat cysts. In this severe lesion, necrotic fat cells were partialy or completely replaced by macrophages. Multinucleated giant cells were scattered in this lesion. Interestingly, small artery in the lesion of fat necrosis revealed severe thickening of internal elastic membrane. Severe fibrosis was observed in or between the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscular externas causing segregation, degeneration and necrosis of muscle fibers. The nerve cells of Auerbach's and Meissner's plexuses surrounded by fibrosis were degenerated or necrotic. In addition, necrotic fat cells infiltrated into the pancreas, resulting in pancreas atrophy. From these results, it is speculated that fat necrosis might compromise intestinal movement due to necrosis of muscular externa and ganglion cells of Auerbach's and Meissner's plexuses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1995

The development of colon in fetuses between 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by light scanning electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The colonic wall appeared to be differentiated into the epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa in 60-day-old fetus. 2. The epithelium of the colonic villi was stratified in some areas and simple columnar in others at 60- and 90day-old fetus but was only observed simple columnar epithelium at 120-day-old fetus. 3. The goblet cells and the intestinal glands appeared in the colonic mucosa at 90 days of gestation and continued gradually to increase in number during gestation. 4. The well-developed villi of the colon appeared in columnar shape at 60 days of gestation and increased in length and width until 90 days of gestation but the villi appeared to be shorter and degenerated after 120 days of gestation. At birth only the rudiment trace of the villi remained. 5. The tunical muscularis of the colon was continuously developed during gestation period. The inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers were distinguishly observed in the colon of 90-day-old fetuses. 6. Scanning electron microscopically, the colonic villi developed in columnar shape or finger-like of fetuses at 60 days of gestation. The of the colonic villi became degenerated after 120 days of gestation. At birth only the rudiment trace of villi remained.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Background: In previous studies, changes in postural alignment were found when the slope was changed during walking. Downhill walking straightens the trunk by shifting the line of gravity backward. Objects: This study investigated the effect of the downhill treadmill walking exercise (DTWE) on thoracic angle and thoracic erector spinae (TES) activation in subjects with thoracic kyphosis. Methods: A total of 20 subjects with thoracic kyphosis were recruited for this study. All the subjects performed the DTWE for 30 minutes. A surface EMG and 3D motion capture system were used to measure TES activation and thoracic angle before and after the DTWE. Paired t-tests were used to confirm the effect of the DTWE (p<.05). Results: Both the thoracic angle and TES activation had significantly increased after the DTWE compared to the baseline (p<.05). An increase in the thoracic angle indicates a decrease in kyphosis. Conclusion: The DTWE is effective for thoracic kyphosis patients as it decreases their kyphotic posture and increases the TES activation. Future longitudinal studies are required to investigate the long-term effects of the DTWE.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of hemodialysis patients and the occurrence of sarcopenia through a comprehensive literature review. Methods : A systematic literature search was conducted to identify eligible studies in the Cochrane library, PubMed and Embase. In this review, we included all papers published since the initiative's inception and summarized results as of december 2022. Studies that investigated association between sarcopenia diagnosis and hemodialysis patients (aged≥18 years) were included. Ultimately, 16 studies met our selection criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results : Fourteen of the sixteen studies (88 %) reported that significant association between sarcopenia diagnosis and hemodialysis patients. However, two studies reported no association between sarcopenia diagnosis and hemodialysis patients. As a factor statistically related to sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients, Mortality (6 studies, 38 %), age (5 studies, 31 %), body composition (4 studies, 25 %), physical activity (2 studies, 13 %), diabetes (2 studies, 13 %), cardiovascular abnormalities (1 studies, 6 %), nutritional status (3 studies, 19 %), and gender (3 studies, 19 %). Conclusion : Our findings highlight the necessity of developing a physical therapy program that accurately reflects the health status of hemodialysis patients. To further investigate the association between the diagnosis of sarcopenia and hemodialysis patients, it is recommended to conduct large-scale longitudinal studies using standardized diagnostic criteria and evaluation methods, as well as analyze potential risk factors. Consequently, this study emphasizes the importance and potential of developing physical therapy programs that effectively address the health consequences associated with hemodialysis. The significance of this research lies in its ability to provide valuable insights and lay the foundation for future studies focused on developing preventive and therapeutic interventions targeting muscle wasting syndrome resulting from hemodialysis.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.27-37
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of handgrip strength level on cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients. Methods: This study used the first to eighth year data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Of the 10,254 respondents who participated in the basic survey, respondents were included that they were diagnosed with high blood pressure and had no cognitive impairment. The handgrip strength was based on the highest value of handgrip strength for both hands. Cognitive function using MMSE results and 23 points or less were defined as cognitive impairment. Cox models were conducted to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of cognitive impairment in relation to handgrip strength adjusting for covariates. Results: In the case of hypertension patients, the probability of cognitive decline decreased by 3.0% every time the maximum handgrip strength increased by 1 unit. In the analysis by age, under the age of 64 had a 1.8% decrease in the probability of cognitive decline whenever the maximum handgrip strength increased by 1 unit, and a 3.6% decrease in those over the age of 65. In the gender analysis, male had a 3.2% decrease in the probability of cognitive decline for every 1 unit increase in the maximum handgrip strength, and female had a 2.6% decrease. Conclusions: The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the development of interventions to prevent cognitive decline in hypertensive patients by identifying the effect of handgrip strength level on cognitive decline. It is also expected to be used as basic data for health education on the necessity of increasing muscle strength for hypertension patients in the community.