• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.206-224
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the formation of customer's repeated use that is real long-term commitment in franchise/chain coffee shops. 457 effective samples were analyzed using PASW 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of the analysis of the relationships between user experience, customer satisfaction, customer commitment and repeated use are as follows. First, it was presented that atmosphere, price fairness and coffee product quality had a positive impact on customer satisfaction. Second, customer satisfaction had a positive impact on customer commitment and repeated use. Finally, there was the mediating effect of continuous commitment between customer satisfaction and repeated use. Based on the results of the above analysis, the managerial implications for increasing repeated use of coffee shops are as follows. First, the strategy for enhancing performance of user experience is to try to improve atmosphere(facilities, ambient/lighting), price fairness, coffee product quality(taste, flavor, temperature). Second, the strategy for forming repeated use is to enhance customer commitment(affective commitment, continuous/normative commitment).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.231-242
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• 2020

Due to fierce market competition and COVID-19, it becomes increasingly important for sharing economic platform companies to develop a long-term relationship with customers. In this regard, this study explores the mechanism of customer's repurchase decision making in the context of Airbnb. This study posits customer satisfaction and brand image as the key factors in forming customer's repurchase intention toward Airbnb. It also investigates the effects of price fairness, authentic experience, enjoyment, Airbnb trust and host trust on customer's repurchase intention. This study validated the research hypothesis with 154 customers using Airbnb. The analysis results showed that both customer satisfaction and brand image have a significant impact on repurchase intention and explain 62.0% of its variance. Enjoyment, true experience, and Airbnb trust had significant effects on customer satisfaction, while price fairness and host trust had no significant impact on it. The results revealed that price fairness, authentic experience, enjoyment, and Airbnb trust are significantly associated with brand image, while host trust is not significantly related to it. The results of this study are expected to provide academic and practical implications by enhancing the understanding of customer's repurchasing decision in the context of sharing economic platform.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-87
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• 2004

In its Declaration of Principles, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recommends that, "to achieve sustainable development and a higher quality of life for all people, states should reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption...." This notion of sustainability lies at the core of many "commons" problems, where the central issue is to enable "individuals to sustain long-term, productive use of natural resource systems". In other worlds, a common definition of "sustainability" captures the idea of aligning human consumption with the capacity of ecological systems to supply, over a long period of time, such natural resources as air, soil, or water on which production depends. The concept of sustainability raises all sorts of political, social, and economic questions about the distribution of environmental protection. For sustainable community development to be addressed, these questions must be raised. In order to convince different citizenry of the necessity of sustainability, these questions must also be answered. This is where questions of equity, justice, and fairness arise. Sustainability and equity require that we deal with nature as an undivided whole, with no part being unsustainable. Sustainability and social policy also requires that we deal with the human population as an undivided whole. We simply cannot move people around the planet to either perpetuate past practices of earth exploitation or to implement sustainable planning. Everyone must work with the people inhabiting sensitive ecological areas, especially areas of regeneration. In the sustainable global community, we are as strong as our weakest link, or our most toxic community. This is the undeniable driving force for the infusion of equity into the sustainable development debate.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1638-1654
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• 2018

The heterogeneous network (HetNet) has been one of the key technologies in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) with growing capacity and coverage demands. However, the introduction of femtocells has brought serious co-layer interference and cross-layer interference, which has been a major factor affecting system throughput. It is generally acknowledged that the resource allocation has significant impact on suppressing interference and improving the system performance. In this paper, we propose a hybrid-clustering algorithm based on the $Mat{\acute{e}}rn$ hard-core process (MHP) to restrain two kinds of co-channel interference in the HetNet. As the impracticality of the hexagonal grid model and the homogeneous Poisson point process model whose points distribute completely randomly to establish the system model. The HetNet model based on the MHP is adopted to satisfy the negative correlation distribution of base stations in this paper. Base on the system model, the spectrum sharing problem with restricted spectrum resources is further analyzed. On the basis of location information and the interference relation of base stations, a hybrid clustering method, which takes into accounts the fairness of two types of base stations is firstly proposed. Then, auction mechanism is discussed to achieve the spectrum sharing inside each cluster, avoiding the spectrum resource waste. Through combining the clustering theory and auction mechanism, the proposed novel algorithm can be applied to restrain the cross-layer interference and co-layer interference of HetNet, which has a high density of base stations. Simulation results show that spectral efficiency and system throughput increase to a certain degree.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.112-122
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the validity of 'Korean Diagnosis Related Groups-Korean Medicine (KDRG-KM)' which was developed by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) in 2013 Methods: Among inpatient EDI claim data issued by hospitals and clinics in 2012, the data which included Korean medicine procedures were selected and analyzed. We selected control targets in the Korean medicine hospitals which had longer Episodes-Costliness index (ECI) and Lengthiness index (LI) than average of total Korean medicine hospitals, and compared the results of selection between the major diagnosis-based patient classification system and the KDRG-KM system. Finally, the explanation power (R2) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the KDRG-KM system using practice expenses were calculated. Results: The numbers of control target in Korean medicine hospitals changed from 36 to 32 when patient grouping adjustment method was changed from major diagnosis to KDRG-KM. For expenses of all outpatient claim data on Korean medicine, explanation power of KDRG-KM system was 66.48% after excluding outliers. CVs of expenses of patient groups in Korean medicine hospitals were gathered from under 70% to under 90%, and those in long-term care hospitals mostly belonged under 70%. Conclusions: The validity of KDRG-KM system was assured in terms of explanation power. By adapting KDRG-KM system, fairness of control targets selection for costliness management in Korean medicine hospitals can be enhanced.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.9-17
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• 2014

Heterogeneous network (HetNet) is a network consisting of macrocells overlaid with small cells. In HetNet, the interference from macrocell to small cell users is a major cause of performance degradation of small cell users and enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) is needed to mitigate the interference. Previous works on eICIC gives limited performance gain because these works focus on maximizing long-term throughput and rarely consider varying channel conditions over frames. This paper proposes a new algorithm which dynamically coordinates interference and schedules users on each frame to maximize the total utility of the network with lower computational complexity than exhaustive search. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves higher total throughput than the throughput with the conventional algorithm, and has higher fairness index than the conventional algorithm when there large number of users.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.246-255
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• 2016

The orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems are well suited to multi-rate multicast transmission, as they allow flexible resource allocation across both frequency and time, and provide adaptive modulation and coding schemes. Unlike layered video coding, the multiple description coding (MDC) enables flexible decomposition of the raw video stream into two or more substreams. The quality of the video stream is expected to be roughly proportional to data rate sustained by the receiver. This paper describes a mathematical model of resource allocation and throughput in the multi-rate video multicast for the OFDMA wireless and mobile networks. The impact on mean opinion score (MOS), as a measurement of user-perceived quality (by employing a variety of scheduling disciplines) is discussed in terms of utility maximization and proportional fairness. We propose a pruning algorithm to ensure a minimum video quality even for a subset of users at the resource limitation, and show the optimal number of substreams and their rates can sustain.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.3876-3895
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• 2014

Recently, Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) with Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) scheme is introduced into Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) systems to improve digital services for User Equipments (UEs), especially for cell-edge UEs. However, Radio Resource Management (RRM), including Resource Block (RB) scheduling and Power Allocation (PA), in this scenario becomes challenging, due to the intercell cooperation. In this paper, we investigate the RRM problem for downlink transmission of HetNet system with Joint Processing (JP) CoMP (both joint transmission and dynamic cell selection schemes), aiming at maximizing weighted sum data rate under the constraints of both transmission power and backhaul capacity. First, joint RB scheduling and PA problem is formulated as a constrained Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) which is NP-hard. To simplify the formulation problem, we decompose it into two problems of RB scheduling and PA. For RB scheduling, we propose an algorithm with less computational complexity to achieve a suboptimal solution. Then, according to the obtained scheduling results, we present an iterative Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) method to solve the PA problem. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Two kinds of JP CoMP schemes are compared with a non-CoMP greedy scheme (max capacity scheme). Simulation results prove that the CoMP schemes with the proposed RRM algorithms dramatically enhance data rate of cell-edge UEs, thereby improving UEs' fairness of data rate. Also, it is shown that the proposed PA algorithms can decrease power consumption of transmission antennas without loss of transmission performance.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2016

This study verified the determinants of years in service of youth employee by analyzing panal data. The study results showed that sex, age, education, marital status, full-time job, wage, employment stabilization, household earned income, benefit package, fairness of performance evaluation determined years in service of youth employee. Also, years in service was longer in male, higher age, married, lower household earned income, full-time job, age-limit system, possible to work continuously, corresponding to mager, higher wage, higher job satisfaction group. This study provided practical implication to prepare effective emplyment policy for maintaining long-term and stable youth employment by confirming the determinants of years in service of youth employee.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.304-309
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• 2004

Recently, the needs for multimedia stream such as digital audio and video in the Internet has increased tremendously. Unlike TCP, the UDP protocol, which has been used to transmit streaming traffic thorough the Internet, does not apply any congestion control mechanism to regulate the data flow thorough the shared network And it leads to congestion collapse of the Internet and results in long-term transmission delay. To avoid any adverse effect on the current Internet functionality, a now protocol of modification or addition of some functionality to perform congestion control and to reduce huge transmission delay in transmitting of multimedia stream are in study. TCP-friendly congestion control mechanism is classified into two : one is window-based congestion control scheme using general window management functionalities, the other is rate-based congestion control scheme using TCP modeling equation. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for improving the transmitting rate on a hybrid TCP-friendly congestion control scheme combined with widow-based and late-based congestion control for multimedia stream. And we also simulate the performance of improved TEAR implementation using NS. With He simulation results, we show that the improved TEAR can provide better fairness and lower rate fluctuations than TCP.