• International Journal of Contents
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2019

This paper presents a solution of the 'Quick, Draw! Doodle Recognition Challenge' hosted by Google. Doodles are drawings comprised of concrete representational meaning or abstract lines creatively expressed by individuals. In this challenge, a doodle is presented as a sequence of sketches. From the view of at the sketch level, to learn the pattern of strokes representing a doodle, we propose a sequential model stacked with multiple convolution layers and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells following the attention mechanism [15]. From the view at the image level, we use multiple models pre-trained on ImageNet to recognize the doodle. Finally, an ensemble and a post-processing method using the minimum cost flow algorithm are introduced to combine multiple models in achieving better results. In this challenge, our solutions garnered 11th place among 1,316 teams. Our performance was 0.95037 MAP@3, only 0.4% lower than the winner. It demonstrates that our method is very competitive. The source code for this competition is published at: https://github.com/ngxbac/Kaggle-QuickDraw.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제12권10호
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to reexamine the price fairness as practiced by low cost airlines, as a consumer has to experience such inconveniences as inferior airport transportation, extra fees on in-flight meals, and non-negotiable seats, and consumers evaluate such experiences keeping in mind their total costs. This evaluation includes price fairness and allows a reasonable and overall consideration of factors of low cost airlines. It tries to set up a measurement of the indicators consumers' perceptions of price fairness academically as it adapts price fairness to airline services which are renowned for price volatility. Research design, data, and methodology - The research proposes an alternative pricing strategy for the long term profit of low cost airlines after going over conflicts between the traditional theory of consumers' price perception mechanism and flexible fair policy of low cost airlines. It was meaningful when it relates to the early stage of the business, while it enhances the risks relating to the long term survival of low cost airlines. In addition, it is significant as it highlights the negative influences on consumers' perceptions of price fairness, as low cost airlines run on extremely low cost perspectives. Results - The results of the research provide insight into four perspectives, as consumers' perceptions of price fairness are influenced by the frequency and range of price changes and services. The first perspective is that it would lead to positive price evaluation when a low cost airline cuts prices frequently with little changes than one big change. It also would lead to the same result when it comes to necessary services. The second perspective is that one big increase of price would rather undermine the negative aspects of price changes than those of several smaller ones. The third perspective is that additional services would be good to consumers' perceptions of price fairness as compared to discount benefits with respect to the cost. Finally, a low cost airline should consider that consumers will change airlines or defer their flight schedule if the flight fares increase beyond their limits. Conclusions - Low cost airlines should reconsider their pricing policies for services that were provided free earlier. A consumer would not like discount benefits when made to pay for services that were, for long, free of charge. If a low cost airline can provide services with no charge, it should improve volumes if the costs are standardized and, moreover, should consider the charging fees. Alternatively, a consumer can choose between services and fair discount. Low cost airlines are implementing sales promotion strategies, as the competition is more intense than it used to be. In these days, they should regard services over sales promotion, as consumers may prefer to spend money on good premium services. Some differentiation in services could create a good market position for the airlines and, hence, good financial performance.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2015

공동주택은 장기수선충당금제도 등에 따라 중 장기적인 관점에서 효율적인 유지관리가 수행되고 있는 반면, 공공청사는 과거 유지관리비 실적자료 부족과 비효율적인 예산산정 등의 문제로 인해 유지관리가 체계적으로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인천지역의 공공청사를 대상으로 운영비의 영향요인을 분석하고, 이를 검증하기 위해 상관관계 분석 및 다중회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 공공청사의 전기, 가스, 수도요금에 대한 경과년수, 연면적, 직원 수의 영향력을 분석한 결과, 전기요금은 직원 수와 높은 상관성을 보였으며 가스, 수도요금은 연면적과 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다중회귀 분석을 통해 상관관계 분석결과를 검증하였으며, 회귀 방정식을 통해 운영비용의 추정모형을 제시하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2011

Building deterioration would be proceeded by various causes such as physical, social, economic degradation. The deterioration would be inevitably prevented or delayed to get the decent function and performance in various building part and components. The maintenance and management are continued to provide the decent living condition for the household. The maintenance means mainly a repair, including the on-time and longterm plan. The longterm repair would be conducted by the systemic preparation in management activity and a required cost. Therefore, the annual due for the longterm repair plan is important to prepare the repair cost in a required time. In this paper, it aimed at analyzing the longterm repair cost and modelling to forecast the required cost in total area, number of household and time elapse in apartment housing. The estimation model of a repair cost is used with a power function which has a good statistics. Results of this study are shown that the sample has a longterm repair due in a $2,032won/m^2{\cdot}yr$ averagely which is higher than $912won/m^2{\cdot}yr$ in domestic. Second, the longterm repair due is proportionally correlated with the time elapse in both a total area and the number of household. Third, the estimation model for the longterm repair amount is suitable for the power function which is most in any other estimation models. Fourth, the ration of the longterm plan repair due a year to the cumulated longterm amount is about 26%.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2018

Nowadays, using math logic in great civil projects is considered by the clients to achieve the goals of project including quality optimization, costs, avoiding individual, emotional and political decision making, long-term and short-term goals and they are the main requirements of each project and should be considered by the decision makers to avoid the illogical decision making applied on the majority of civil projects and this imposes great financial and spiritual costs on our country. The present study attempts to present one of the civil projects (Ghasre Shirin storage dam) whose client was not ministry of energy for the first time and the short-term and long-term goals of the private sector were applied based on the triangle of quality, cost and time. Also, the math logic and model (multi-criteria decision making method and decision making matrix) is used in one of the most important sections of project, sealing element, policies and new materials (Geosynthetics) are considered and this leads to suitable decision making in this regard. It is worth to mention that this method is used for other sections of a dam including body, water diversion system, diaphragm and other sectors or in other civil projects of building, road construction, etc.

• 산업공학
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.279-285
• /
• 2002

A break-even analysis is a method used widely for profit planning or decisions in most companies. It is useful tool in financial studies because it is simple and offers useful insights from a modest amount of data. Although it is widely used, it has some weaknesses. It is limited in particular to the analysis for a short term time horizon or one period. We suggest a new break-even procedure to analyze projects with a long term time horizon as keeping the simplicity of a conventional break-even analysis. We will make efforts doing to include actual data for a cost or an income as much as possible rather than developing a mathematical model to improve unreality of a traditional break-even analysis. Also, we will use the spreadsheet software to solve problems.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제56권7호
• /
• pp.1205-1210
• /
• 2007

Several mechanisms are introduced for the procurement of capacity adequacy. In the competitive electricity market, however, it is a GENCO that makes generation investment decision. A GENCO will invest a new generator when it can get more profit than cost. There requires a model to evaluate profit with respect to a new generation investment. In the view of long-term investment, evaluation of a profit of a generator in the electricity market is quite different from that of short-term operation. In this paper, a new profit-evaluation model is proposed for the long-term generation investment. It can treat the probabilistic characteristics of generators, ie, forced-outage-rates, which affect profit of generators.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.549-556
• /
• 2013

This study analyzed the actual use of defect deposits for financing long-term expenses (that is, expenses incurred within 4-10 years of building completion) and for financing short-term expenses (that is, expenses incurred within 3 years of building completion). Therefore, 36 cost data on the expenses financed out of defect deposits for apartment complexes were collected from construction companies and analyzed using statistical methods. The findings revealed that 62.6 percent of defect deposits were spent to resolve actual defects, and 37.4 percent were spent resolving resident complaints. Furthermore, these results are valid regardless of the location of the complexes. As such, these results could be of significance when establishing or revising regulations regarding the repair of the long-term defects of apartment complexes.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.379-388
• /
• 2012

Objective: This study developed a new shower carrier prototype to reduce caregivers' muscle burden and to increase use convenience by reflecting the needs of domestic long-term care institutions. Background: In the long-term care institutions, one of the ADL(Activities of Daily Life) factors is bathing/showering. Recently, bath/shower-assisting equipment is actively being introduced in care institutions to reduce the caregivers' care cost, but most of the domestic equipment was designed to imitate foreign products and rarely reflected the needs of care institutions. Method: Based on Korean elderly people's body information, the bed size(length: 1,900mm, width: 650mm) was set-up, and a variable headrest with a newly designed headform was developed to provide the comfort for the elderly and convenience for caregivers. To reduce caregivers' muscle burden on transferring and showering activities, a 3-step column lifting module equipped with dual actuators(lowest/highest levels from the ground: 600/1,100mm, Stroke: 500mm) was developed, and the wheelbase parameter(length: 1,250mm, width: 580mm) was defined securing the turn-over safety of the shower carrier. The drivability tests were performed for the prototype and foreign product, and the male and female subject's muscle activities were measured through the tests. Results: The structural stability of the shower carrier prototype was secured by finite element analysis, and the muscle activities of the subjects through the drivability tests largely decreased in the prototype, compared to the foreign product. Conclusion: In this study, a new shower carrier prototype was developed to possibly reduce caregivers' muscle burden and to increase use convenience based on the needs of long-term care institutions. It was expected that the drivability performance of the prototype could be relatively superior to that of the foreign product. Application: The results obtained from the study can be applied for the optimal development of a shower carrier including other equipment to effectively care for the elderly.

• 한국빅데이터학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2019

욕설과 비속어를 포함한 악성 댓글에 대한 피해는 최근 언론에 나오는 연애인의 자살뿐만 아니라 사회 전반에서 다양한 형태로 증가하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 양방향 장단기 메모리 신경망 모델을 이용하여 욕설을 검출하는 기법을 제시하였다. 웹 크룰러를 통해 웹상의 댓글을 수집하고, 영어나 특수문자 등의 사용하지 않은 글에 대해 불용어 처리를 하였다. 불용어 처리된 댓글에 대해 문장의 전·후 관계를 고려한 양방향 장단기 메모리 신경망 모델을 적용하여 욕설 여부를 판단하고 검출하였다. 양방향 장단기 메모리 신경망을 사용하기 위해 검출된 댓글에 대해 형태소 분석과 벡터화 과정을 거쳤으며 각 단어들에 욕설 해당 여부를 라벨링하여 진행하였다. 실험 결과 정제하고 수집된 총 9,288개의 댓글에 대해 88.79%의 성능을 나타내었다.