• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.481-486
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• 1994

The effect of neutralization of urea-treated rice straw with sulfuric acid was investigated. Long-cut (15-20 cm) and short-cut (2-3 cm) rice straw were treated with 6% urea for 21 days, and the treated straw was mixed with an acid-molasses solution to neutralize free ammonia and kept airtightly in a plastic bag for 24 hours. The neutralized and non-neutralized straw were dried and subjected to chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility determination. The in vitro DM digestibility as well as crude protein (CP) content were remarkably improved by neutralization. Short-cutting of the straw before treatment gave a better result than the long-cut samples. Neutralization with sulfuric acid also affected the chemical composition and increased sulfur content of samples. The CP thus fixed by neutralization was proven to be kept stable for 3 months, and in vitro DM digestibility was not affected by the storing period.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2021

Purpose. This intra-patient retrospective study of up to 10 years evaluated the clinical success and risk factors of 6- and 8-mm long implants and their respective prostheses. Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of patients treated at a Military Polyclinic dental service, who received both 6- and 8-mm long tissue level implants in the posterior region of the same arch. Data were collected from the dental charts, clinical and radiographic exams, self-report of sleep bruxism, measurement of maximum occlusal force, and clinical crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics with univariate and hierarchical multivariate models, at the 0.05 significance level. Results. The 30 patients (27 women) had 85 implants and 83 prostheses. Two implants were lost before prosthesis installation (implant survival: 97.6%). Ten events of prosthetic complication (screw tightening loss) occurred in five patients (success rate: 87.9%) in a single moment. Only the variable C/I ratio had a significant effect for repairable prosthesis complication (P<.05). Conclusion. The results suggest that 6- and 8-mm long implants have similar long-term clinical success for implants and prostheses.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2000

긴 표면균열을 갖는 알루미늄합금(A5083)의 평판을 사용하여, 균열관통후의 응력확대계수를 검토하였다. 짧은 표면균열의 관통후에 제안된 식에 의하여 긴 표면균열 관통시의 평가는 균열종횡비가 적을수록 오차가 크게 되므로, 진전거동을 정확하게 평가하기 위해서는 수정이 필요하였다. 따라서 긴 표면균열 관통시의 종횡비를 고려하여, 응력확대계수의 평가식을 수정함으로써 관통후 고정도의 해석이 가능하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2010

Enteral nutritional support has been used via tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients. We performed long and short term trials to evaluate the effects of commercial enteral nutritional supports on nutrition and health in stroke patients (mRS = 3~5) and quality of life in their caregivers. For a long term study, we recruited chronic (${\geq}$ 1 yrs) stroke patients (n = 6) and administered them 6 cans/day (1,200 kcal) of the commercial enteral formula N for 6 months according to IRB-approved protocol. We collected peripheral blood at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. For a short term study, we recruited acute (${\leq}$ 3 months) stroke patients (n = 12) and randomly administered them two different commercial enteral formulas, N or J, for 2 weeks. We collected their blood at 0, 4, 7 and 14 day of the administration. Blood samples were analyzed to quantify 19 health and nutritional biomarkers and an oxidative stress biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA). In order to evaluate quality of life, we also obtained the sense of competence questionnaire (SCQ) from all caregivers at 'before' and 'after trials'. As results, the enteral formula, N, improved hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the long term trial and maintained most of biomarkers within normal ranges. The SCQ levels of caregivers were improved in the long term treatment (P < 0.05). In a case of the short term study, both of enteral formulas were helpful to maintain nutritional status of the patients. In addition, MDA levels were decreased in the acute patients following formula consumption (0.05 < P < 0.1). Most of health and nutrition outcomes were not different, even though there is a big difference in price of the two products. Thus, we evaluate the formula N has equal nutritional efficacy compared to the formula J. In addition, long term use of enteral formula N can be useful to health and nutrition of stroke patients, and the quality of life for their caregivers.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3878-3887
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• 2022

For the future energy-mix policy for carbon neutrality, demand for the capability of load-follow operation has emerged in nuclear power plants in order to accommodate the intermittency of renewable energy. The short-term decay heat analysis is also required to evaluate the decay heat level varied by the power level change during the load-follow operation, which is a very important parameter in terms of short-term decay heat removal during a grace time. In this study, the short-term decay heat level for 10 days after the shutdown was evaluated for both seasonal and daily load-follow cases. Additionally, the nuclide-wise contribution to the accumulated decay heat for 10 days was analyzed for further understanding of the short-term decay heat behavior. The result showed that in the seasonal case, the decay heat level was mainly determined by the power level right before the shutdown and the amount of each nuclide was varied with the power variation due to the long variation interval of 90 days. Whereas, in the daily case, the decay heat level was strongly impacted by the average power level during operation and meaningful mass variations for those nuclides were not observed due to the short variation interval of 0.5 days.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.236-242
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• 1986

The dependence of the current-voltage characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous silicon pin solar cells on the illumimination light intensity has been investigated. The open circuit voltage increases linearly with increasing the logarithm of light intensity up to AM 1, and nearly saturates above AM 1, indicating the open circuit voltage approaching the built-in potential of the pin solar cell above AM 1. The short circuit current density increase with light intensity in proportion to I**0.85 before and I**0.97 after light exposure. Since the series resistance devreses and shunt resistance increases with light intensily, the fill factor increases with light illumination. To increase the fill factor at high illumination in large area solar cells, t6he grid pattern on the ITO substrates should be made. Long light exposure on the solar cells gives rise to the increase of bulk resistance and defect states, resulting in the decrease of the fil factor and short circuit current density. The potential drop in the bulk of the a-Si:H pin solar cells at short circuit condition increases with decreasing temperature, and increases after long light exposure.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.157-173
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• 2024

본 연구는 COVID-19 이전과 이후의 건화물선 시장 연계성을 분석하여, COVID-19가 글로벌 해운 산업에 미친 영향을 살펴보았다. 주요 건화물선 시장 운임 지수인 케이프 지수(BCI), 수프라막스 지수(BSI), 파나막스 지수(BPI), 핸디사이즈 지수(BHSI)의 동적 연계성을 Quantile Time Frequency Connectedness 방법론을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, COVID-19 발생 이후 건화물선 시장의 총 전이 연계성은 전체 기간과 단기적으로 증가한 반면, 장기적으로는 약간 감소하였다. 둘째, 지수 간의 역할이 시장 상황에 따라 변화하였으며, COVID-19로 인해 단기 BPI와 장기 BSI가 순 수신자에서 순 전달자로 변하는 등 순 전이 연계성에 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 극단적인 상황에서 장기 연계성이 단기보다 더 증가하는 경향이 관찰되었다. 넷째, 극단적인 시장 상황에서 상호 연계성이 더욱 강화되는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 단기적인 시장 충격과 장기적인 안정성 추세를 이해하는 데 중요한 시사점을 제공하며, COVID-19와 같은 글로벌 위기 상황에서 건화물선 시장 간의 연계성이 강화됨을 보여준다. 이는 해운 시장의 복원력과 취약성을 평가할 수 있는 근거를 마련하고, 투자자와 정책 결정자에게 위기 관리와 투자 전략 수립에 유용한 정보를 제공한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

This paper examined the impact of real exchange rate volatility on trade balance in Malaysia by using quarterly data from year 2000 until 2019. Generalized Autoregressive Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model was used to extract the volatility component of real exchange rate before examining its impact on trade balance. Furthermore, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to investigate the long-run relationship and short-run dynamic between trade balance, money supply, national income and volatility of exchange rate. Empirical results show the existence of co-movement between variables under study in the long-run. However, the results also suggest that volatility of real exchange rate does not significantly affect trade balance neither in the long-run nor short-run. The risk which is associated in the movement of exchange rate do not influence trader's behaviour toward Malaysia exports and imports. Thus, it should be note that any depreciation or appreciation in Malaysian Ringgit do not have an impact towards trade balance either it is being further improved or deteriorates. Hence, exchange rate volatility may not be too concern for policymakers. This may be partially due to manage floating exchange rate regime that has been adopted by Malaysia eventually eliminated the element of risk in the currency market.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.859-887
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• 2015

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has gained in popularity in recent years since it can assess the performance and condition of instrumented structures in real time and provide valuable information to the asset's manager and owner. Operational modal analysis plays an important role in SHM and it involves the determination of natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes of a constructed structure based on measured dynamic data. This paper presents the operational modal analysis and seismic response characterization of the Tsing Ma Suspension Bridge of 2,160 m long subjected to different earthquake events. Three kinds of events, i.e., short-distance, middle-distance and long-distance earthquakes are taken into account. A fast Bayesian modal identification method is used to carry out the operational modal analysis. The modal properties of the bridge are identified and compared by use of the field monitoring data acquired before and after the earthquake for each type of the events. Research emphasis is given on identifying the predominant modes of the seismic responses in the deck during short-distance, middle-distance and long-distance earthquakes, respectively, and characterizing the response pattern of various structural portions (deck, towers, main cables, etc.) under different types of earthquakes. Since the bridge is over 2,000 m long, the seismic wave would arrive at the tower/anchorage basements of the two side spans at different time instants. The behaviors of structural dynamic responses on the Tsing Yi side span and on the Ma Wan side span under each type of the earthquake events are compared. The results obtained from this study would be beneficial to the seismic design of future long-span bridges to be built around Hong Kong (e.g., the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge).

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제17권30호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1994

The basic of the VSI charts is that if the sample statistic computed after a sample is taken shows some indication of a process change than the sampling interval before the next sample should be short otherwise long. This paper was shown the VSS chart can be considerably more efficient than the FSS chart and the effectiveness of VSI R chart with S chart used for monitoring a process standard deviation.