• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2004

끼어들기 행태는 차로변경 대상 측면차로에 충분한 차간간격이 존재하지 않는 상황에서도 운전자가 강제적으로 차간간격을 만들어내는 적극적인 운행행태이다. 이러한 끼어들기는 주변 주행차량들의 움직임에 종속적으로 대응하지 않는 능동적인 운행행태로 간격수락이론이 주요 기반을 이루는 기존 차로변경보형으로는 설명되지 않는다. 보다 현실적인 교통류 흐름의 모사를 지원하기 위하여 끼어들기 행태를 설명하는 운전자 운행행태 모형 개발이 수반될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 합류부와 분류부를 대상으로 끼어들기 특성 분석 및 분포 추출을 하였으며, 끼어들기 판단지표를 도출하여 모형을 개발하였다. 합류부와 분류부를 대상으로 차로변경행태 분석 결과 차간시간의 경우 차로변경차량과 차로변경 종료차로 선두차량과의 차간시간은 E기뭏(0.343, 3) 분포, 후미차량과의 차간시간은 Weibull(1.12, 1.81) 분포, 상대속도의 경우 차로변경차량과 차로변경 종료차로 선두차량과의 상대속도는 Lognormal (11.8, 4.6) 분포, 후미차량과의 상대속도는 Lognormal (6.01, 4.27) 분포, 차로변경차량의 가속 분포는 Lognormal (1.24, 2.5) 분포, 감속 분포는 Normal(-1.51, 1.27) 분포를 따르는 것으로 분석되었다. 현장관측 자료를 토대로 끼어들기 판단지표 도출 결과 감속하는 차로변경 종료차로 후미차량의 속도 분포가 평균값 6.78m/sec, 분산 9.84m/sec인 Gamma(2.74, 1.74)분포를 따르며, 현장관측 자료의 분포와 모형결과 분포의 동일성 여부를 판단하기 위해 신뢰수준 95%로 $x^2$-test 검정을 실시 한 결과 "모형결과 분포는 현장관측 자료의 분포를 따른다."고 검증되었다.

• 경영과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-27
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• 1994

A reliability data processing MPRDP (Multi-Purpose Reliability Data Processor) has been developed in FORTRAN language since Jan. 1992 at KAERI (Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute). The purpose of the research is to construct a reliability database(plant-specific as well as generic) by processing various kinds of reliability data in most objective and systematic fashion. To account for generic estimates in various compendia as well as generic plants' operating experience, we developed a 'three-stage' Bayesian procedure[1] by logically combining the 'two-stage' procedure[2] and the idea for processing generic estimates[3]. The first stage manipulates generic plant data to determine a set of estimates for generic parameters,e.g. the mean and the error factor, which accordingly defines a generic failure rate distribution. Then the second stage combines these estimates with the other ones proposed by various generic compendia (we call these generic book type data). This stage adopts another Bayesian procedure to determine the final generic failure rate distribution which is to be used as a priori distribution in the third stage. Then the third stage updates the generic distribution by plant-specific data resulting in a posterior failure rate distribution. Both running failure and demand failure data can be handled in this code. In accordance with the growing needs for a consistent and well-structured reliability database, we constructed a generic reliability database by the MPRDP code[4]. About 30 generic data sources were reviewed and available data were collected and screened from them. We processed reliability data for about 100 safety related components frequently modeled in PSA. The underlying distribution for the failure rate was assumed to be lognormal or gamma, according to the PSA convention. The dependencies among the generic sources were not considered at this time. This problem will be approached in further study.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.211-227
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• 2023

To investigate the non-Gaussian feature of fluctuating wind pressures on rectangular high-rise buildings, wind tunnel tests were conducted on scale models with side ratios ranging from 1/9~9 in an open exposure for various wind directions. The high-order statistical moments, time histories, probability density distributions, and peak factors of pressure fluctuations are analyzed. The mixed normal-Weibull distribution, Gumbel-Weibull distribution, and lognormal-Weibull distribution are adopted to fit the probability density distribution of different non-Gaussian wind pressures. Zones of Gaussian and non-Gaussian are classified for rectangular buildings with various side ratios. The results indicate that on the side wall, the non-Gaussian wind pressures are related to the distance from the leading edge. Apart from the non-Gaussianity in the separated flow regions noted by some literature, wind pressures behind the area where reattachment happens present non-Gaussian nature as well. There is a new probability density distribution type of non-Gaussian wind pressure which has both long positive and negative tail found behind the reattachment regions. The correlation coefficient of wind pressures is proved to reflect the non-Gaussianity and a new method to estimate the mean reattachment length of rectangular high-rise building side wall is proposed by evaluating the correlation coefficient. For rectangular high-rise buildings, the mean reattachment length calculated by the correlation coefficient method along the height changes in a parabolic shape. Distributions of Gaussian and non-Gaussian wind pressures vary with side ratios. It is inappropriate to estimate the extreme loads of wind pressures using a fixed peak factor. The trend of the peak factor with side ratios on different walls is given.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 1972

In this paper, the author discussed about following subjects for the studies of acidic plutonic rocks in Korea. (1) The criteria of distinction between ortho-origin and para.origin of acidic plutonic rocks using the statistic chemical treatment of lognormal type distribution of H.L. Arhens (1954, 1957, 1963), the normative Q-Ab-Or triangle of O.F. Tuttle and N.L. Bowen(1958), plagioclase twin type of M. Gorai(1952) and optical measurement of ordering degree of plagioclase of K. Uruno(1963), (2) Macroscopic structural classification of migmatites of K.R. Mehnert(l968), (3) Volcano-plutonism comparing the geological features in the younger orogenic belts in Japan and Cordillera in America and (4) The original sources of granitic magma in the viewpoint of isotope geology.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.69-72
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• 2005

In this paper, pseudo noise (PN) code acquisition performance with multiple antennas in a UWB time hopping/code division multiple access system is analyzed. The closed form for the conditional probability is derived, using the Gauss-Hermite quadrature formula, when the signal with Gaussian distribution goes through the lognormal fading channel. The performance comparison of the above mentioned schemes shows that the code acquisition performance with a diversity combining technique, especially when increasing the number of antennas, is more robust than that using no diversity.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.382-388
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• 1992

Electromigration은 인가된 전계하에서 발생하는 전자풍력에 의한 금속 이온의 현 상이며, 반도체 디바이스의 주요 결함 원인으로 보고되어 왔다. 선폭 1$mu extrm{m}$의 Al-1%Si 금속 박막전도체에 대한 electromigration 수명 실험을 위해 인가된 d.c. 전류밀도는 10MA/cm2 이었고, electromigration에 대한 활성화 에너지 측정을 위한 분위기 온도는 $80^{\circ}C$, 10$0^{\circ}C$ 그리고 $120^{\circ}C$이었다. 평균수명 및 신뢰성에 대한 보호 절연막 효과를 위해 두께 3000 $\AA$의 SiO2 산화막을 sputtering 진공증착기를 사용하여 Al-1%Si 금속 박막 전도체 위에 증착하였 다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. Al-1%Si 금속 박막 전도체의 electromigration에 대한 활성화 에너지값은 0.75eV이었고 온도가 증가함에 따라 Al-1%Si의 수명은 감소하였고 신 뢰성은 향상되었다. SiO2 보호막은 electromigration에 대한 저항성을 크게 함으로써 평균수 명을 향상시켰으며, electromigration failure는 lognormal failure distribution은 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.257-271
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• 1991

Two types in the species-importance, one type of carpinus laxiflora, carpinus tschonoskii, quercus serrata, quercus grosseserrata and pnus densiflora community and another type of abeies koreana community classified by zurich-montpellier method, were recognized based on the data from 81 sample plots. The forme species sequence-importance curves were coincidred with the ideal curve calculated by preston's lognormal-distribution theory(1948), with small variations among five communities, and the latter with that of motomura's niche pre-emption hypothesis(1932). It seems that plant community classified by phytosociological method based on the unit concept coincide with the vegetation type recognized by species population analyse based on the continuum concept and the dominance-diversity reflrcts on the difference in the coenocline among their plant communities.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.29-43
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• 1996

This paper identifies these data by the data diagnosis in lognormal distribution and presents the method to obtain exact parameter estimates and confidence intervals of regression line. The life-stress relationship uses Arrhenius model and life data generate Class-H insulation complete data by simulation. Also, the method to estimate parameters uses least squares estimation and externally Studentized residuals can be used as test statistics for identifing outliers. And influential cases are identified by Cook's distance. This research is intended to obtain the useful information for the life of products and test method, to save time and costs, and to help optimum accelerated life test plans.

• 산업공학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.448-457
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• 1999

Accelerated degradation is concerned with models and data analyses for degradation of product performance over time at overstress and design conditions. Although there have been numerous studies with accelerated degradation theory in reliability, very few actually apply to parametric statistical analyses. This paper shows how to analyze degradation data, provides tests for how well the assumptions hold. Reel sensors, a sort of photointerrupters in home VCR, hive been tested, and least-square analyses are used to illustrate our approach. Tests for linearity of the performance-time relationship, dependence of the lognormal distribution, and the standard deviation on time are performed. The mean life of tested sensors is assessed at about 414,000 hours, and the Arrhenius activation energy of this reaction is concluded to be 0.39 eV as results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.411-425
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• 2011

This paper illustrates the results of a seismic vulnerability study aimed to derive the fragility curves for typical Algerian reinforced concrete bridge piers using an analytical approach. Fragility curves express the probability of exceeding a certain damage state for a given ground motion intensity (e.g., PGA). In this respect, a set of 41 worldwide accelerometer records from which, 21 Algerian strong motion records are included, have been used in a non-linear dynamic response analyses to assess the damage indices expressed in terms of the bridge displacement ductility, the ultimate ductility, the cyclic loading factor and the cumulative energy ductility. Combining the damage indices defined for 5 damage rank with the ground motion indices, the fragility curves for the bridge piers were derived assuming a lognormal distribution.