• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2002

A new bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacteria having antagonistic activity against Lactobacillus plantarum, was isolated from Kimchi. It was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and designated as Leuconostoc mesenteroides B7. The bacteriocin from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B7 named as bacteriocin B7 was stable in the pH range $2.5{\sim}9.5$. Bacteriocin B7 was active over a wide temperature range from $4^{\circ}C$ to $120^{\circ}C$. It was inactivated by proteinase K, trypsin, ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$, and protease treatments indicating its proteinous nature. Tricine-SDS-PAGE of the purified bacteriocin B7 showed the presence of a single band, having a molecular mass of about 3,500 dalton. Mixed culture of the producer and the indicator, Lb. plantarum KFRI 464 or Lb. delbruekii KFRI 347, increased production of bacteriocin B7. This result suggested the presence of bacteriocin inducing factor in the indicator strain. The inducing factor was localized in cell debris and intracellular faction of the indicator cell, Lb. plantarum KFRI 464. Treatment of the inducing factor with proteinase K destroyed inducing activity. This result strongly suggested that the inducing factor is a protein.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.4 s.71
• /
• pp.607-612
• /
• 2005

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a multigene family composed of constitutively expressed members(Hsc70) and stress-inducible members (Hsp70). In the mammalian nervous system, a considerable amount of HSPs is also synthesized under normal conditions suggesting that they play an important role in the metabolism of unstressed cells. In this study we examined the expression of Hsp70 in the synapses of rat cerebellar neurons. Immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies revealed that both Hsp70 and Hsc70 are expressed in the cerebellar tissue, with strongest expression in Purkinje cells followed by granule cells. Neurons in deep cerebellar nuclei were also intensely stained by Hsp70 antibody. Immunocytochemical stainings of cultured cerebellar cells showed that Hsp70 is expressed in both Purkinje and granule cells. The expression was punctate in the soma and along dendritic trees, and the punctae were colocalized with those of PSD95, a postsynaptic marker. Immunoblotting also indicates that Hsp70 is associated with the postsynaptic density fraction. Taken together, our results indicate that the Hsp70 is expressed in cerebellar neurons in normal conditions, and that some are localized in the synapses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.1343-1349
• /
• 2012

Most of the Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) have been associated with more severe gastric disease in infected humans. The cag PAI is composed of 27 proteins, and some of the components are required for CagA translocation into host cells as well as induction of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8); however, the exact function of most of the components remains unknown or poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that CagT (HP0532), which is an essential structural component of the cag PAI apparatus, plays an important role in the translocation of CagA into host epithelial cells. In addition to being located on the bacterial surface, CagT is also partially localized in the inner membrane, where it acts as a chaperone-like protein and promotes CagA translocation. However, CagT secretion was not detected by immunoprecipitation analysis of cell culture supernatants. Meanwhile, CagT was related to the introduction of IL-8 of the host cell. These results suggest that CagT is expressed on both the inner and outer bacterial membranes, where it serves as a unique type IV secretion system component that is involved in CagA secretion and cag PAI apparatus assembly.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 1999

Background: Medical treatment of multiple drug resistant(MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis has been quite unsuccessful. We analyzed our experience to identify the benefits and complications of the pulmonary resection in MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and Method: A retrospective review was performed in 27 patients who unerwent pulmonary resection for MDR pulmonary tuberculosis between January 1994 and March 1998. Mean age was 40 years and the average history of diagnosis prior to surgery was 3.1 years. All had resistance to an average of 4.4 drugs, and received second line drugs selected according to the drug sensitivity test. Most patients (93%) had cavitary lesions as the main focus. Bilateral lesions were identified in 19 patients (70%), however, the main focus was recognized in one side of the lung. Eleven patients (41%) were converted to negative sputum smear and/or culture before surgery. Result: Pneumonectomy was performed in 9 patients, lobectomy in 16 and segmentectomy in 2. There was no operative mortality. Morbidity had occurred in 7 patients (26%), prolonged air leak in 3 patients, reoperation due to bleeding in 2, bronchopleural fistula in 1, and reversible neurologic defect in 1. Median follow up period was 15 months (3-45 months). Sputum negative conversion was initially achieved in 22 patients (82%), and with continuous postopertive chemotherapy negative conversion was achieved in other 4 patients (14%). Only one pneumonectized patient (4%) failed due to considerable contralateral cavity. Conclusion: For patients with localized MDR pulmonary tuberculosis and with adequate pulmonary reserve function, surgical pulmonary resection combined with appropriate pre and postoperative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy can achieve high success rate with acceptable morbidity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 1998

Disbudded epicotyl cuttings from light-grown 6-day-old seedings of Vigna angularis Owhi et Ohashi were preincubated in $2\;\times\;10^{-4}M$ IAA solution for 48 hr to promote adventitious root formation in upright or inverted direction and then incubated in upright direction for 96 hr. Adventitious root formation occurred only at the morphological base of the cuttings which were preincubated in upright direction, while at the both ends in inverted direction. IAA treatment enhanced the adventitious root formation in all cuttings regardless of their orientation during preincubation. To elucidate localized root development, the activity of enzymes involved in root initiation and development was measured 24 hr, 48 hr, and 148 hr after epicotyl incubation. IAA oxidase, peroxidase and catalase were assayed in the apical, middle and basal segment of the epicotyls, and their fresh weight and length were measured. Elongation occurred the most in the upper segment of the epicotyl while fresh weight gain was the most in the basal segment. At root initiation phase, 24 hr after incubation IAA peroxidase and catalase activities appeared high at rooting zone while IAA oxidase activity was low at both ends, IAA oxidase and peroxidase activities declined at the rooting zone during the adventitious root formation at 48 ht. Inversion of cuttings during preincubation caused a chrange of enzyme activities along their epicotyl cuttings. Only peroxidase activity showed a high correlation with root initiation. Therefore, the biochemical change is highly correlated with change in IAA level in the rooting zone of the epicotyl, resulting in root formation in unusual rooting zone of epicotyl.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.253-275
• /
• 1994

Many flowering plants possess genetically controlled self -incompatibility (SI) system that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrosses. SI is usually controlled by a single, multiallelic S-locus. In gametophytically controlled system, SI results when the S-allele of the pollen is matched by one of the two S-alleles in the style, while in the sporophytic system self-incompatible reaction occurs by the interaction between the pistil genotype and genotype of, not the pollen, but the pollen parent In the former system the self-incompatible phenotype of pollen is determined by the haploid genome of the pollen itself but in the latter the pollen phenotype is governed by the genotype of the pollen parent along with the occurrence of either to-dominant or dominant/recessive allelic interactions. In the sporophytic type the inhibition reaction occurs within minutes following pollen-stigma contact, the incompatible pollen grains usually failing to germinate, whereas in gametophytic system pollen tube inhibition takes place during growth in the transmitting tissue of the style. Recognition and rejection of self pollen are the result of interaction between the S-locus protein in the pistil and the pollen protein. In the gametophytic SI the S-associated glycoprotein which is similar to the fungal ribonuclease in structure and function are localized at the intercellular matrix in the transmitting tissue of the style, with the highest concentration in the collar of the stigma, while in the sporophytic SI deposit of abundant S-locus specific glycoprotein (SLSG).is detected in the cell wall of stigmatic papillae of the open flowers. In the gametophytic system S-gene is expressed mostly at the stigmatic collar the upper third of the style length and in the pollen after meiosis. On the other hand, in the sporophytic SI S-glycoprotein gene is expressed in the papillar cells of the stigma as well as in e sporophytic tape is cells of anther wall. Recognition and rejection of self pollen in the gametophytic type is the reaction between the ribonuclease in the transmitting tissue of the style and the protein in the cytoplasm of pollen tube, whereas in the sporophytic system the inhibition of selfed pollen is caused by the interaction between the Sycoprotein in the wall of stigmatic papillar cell and the tapetum-origin protein deposited on the outer wall of the pollen grain. The claim that the S-allele-associated proteins are involved in recognition and rejection of self pollen has been made merely based on indirect evidence. Recently it has been verified that inhibition of synthesis of S$_3$ protein in Petunia inflata plants of S$_2$S$_3$ genotype by the antisense S$_3$ gene resulted in failure of the transgenic plant to reject S$_3$ pollen and that expression of the transgenic encoding S$_3$ protein in the S$_1$S$_2$ genotype confers on the transgenic plant the ability to reject S$_3$ pollen. These finding Provide direct evidence that S-proteins control the s elf-incompatibility behavior of the pistil.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.53
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2018

This following research is a study on the use of French and de-locality in the modern Korean poet Lee Sang's poetry (1910-1937). His hometown was Kyung Sung, Seoul. He mainly wrote his works in Korean, Chinese character, and Japanese, using the language of education and his native language at that time. So then, what was the spirit that he wanted to embody through use of French words? By using words like "ESQUISSE", "AMOUREUSE", Sang's French was not a one-time use of foreign words intended to amuse, but to him the words were as meticulously woven as his intentions. French words were harmonized with other non-poetic symbols such as "${\Box}$, ${\triangle}$, ${\nabla}$", and described as a type of typographical hieroglyphics. Instead of his mother-tongue language, French was applied as a surrealistic vocabulary that implemented the moral of infinite freedom and imagination, and expressed something new or extrasensory. Subsequently, the de-localized French (words) in his poetry can be seen as poetic words to implement a "new spirit", proposed by western avant-garde artists. Analysis of French in his poetry, showed a sense of yearning for the scientific civilization, calling for his sense of defeat and escape from the colonized inferior native land. Most of all, comparing his pursuit of western civilization and avant-garde art to French used in his poetry, is regarded as world-oriented poetry intended to implement the new tendency of the "the locomotive of modernity," transcending the territory of the native country.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.470-486
• /
• 1995

Mammary epithelial cells contain a subpopulation of cells with a large proliferativ potential which are responsible for the maintenance of glandular cellularity and are the progenitor cells of mammary cancer. These clonogens give rise to multicellular clonal alveolar or ductal units(AU or DU) on transplantation and hormonal stimulation. To isolate putative mammary clonogens, enzymatically monodispersed rat mammary epithelial cells from organoid cultures and from intact glands are sorted by flow cytometry according to their affinity for FITC labeled peanut lectin(PNA) and PE labeled anti-Thy-1.1 antibody(Thy-1.1) into four subpopulations : cells negative to both PNA and Thy-1.1(B-), PNA+cells, Thy-1.1+cells, and cells positive to both reagents(B+). The in vivo transplantation assays indicate that the clonogenic fractions of PNA+cells from out-growths of organoids in primary cultures for three days in complete hormone medium(CHM) are significantly higher than those of cells from other subpopulations derived from cultrues or from intact glands. Extracellular matrix(ECM) is a complex of several proteins that regulated cell function ; its role in cell growth and differentiation and tissue-specific gene expression. It can act as a positive as well as a negative regulator of cellular differentiation depending on the cell type and the genes studied. Regulation by ECM is closely interrelated with the action of other regulators of cellular function, such as growth factors and hormones. Matrigel supports the growth and development of several different multicellular colonies from mammary organoids and from monodispersed epithelial cells in culture. Several types of colonies are observed including stellate colonies, duct-like structures, two- and three-dimensional web structures, squamous organoids, and lobulo-duct colonies. Organoids have the greatest proliferative potential and formation of multi-cellular structures. Phase contrast micrographs demonstrate extensive intracellular lipid accumulation within the web structures and some of duct-like colonies. At the immunocytochemical and electron micrograph level, casein proteins are predominantly localized near the apical surface of the cells or in the lumen of duct-like or lobulo-duct colonies. Squamous colonies are comprised of several layers of squamous epithelium surrounding keratin pearls as is typical fo squamous metaplasia(SM). All-trans retinoic acid(RA) inhibits the growth of SM. The frequency of lobulo-ductal colony formation increased with the augmentation of RA concentration in these culture conditions. The current study models could provide powerful tools not only for understanding cell growth and differentiation of epithelial cells, but also for the isolation and characterization of mammary clonogenic stem cells.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.324-333
• /
• 2001

Purpose: $^{123}I$-labeled fatty acids have been used in the evaluation of regional myocardial energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of $^{123}I$-BMIPP as a liposarcoma-imaging agent. Materials and Methods: We compared in vitro uptakes between liposarcoma(SW872) and glioma(9L) cell lines, and examined biodistribution and in vivo images of $^{123}I$-BMIPP in liposarcoma-bearing nude mice. Cold-BMIPP was labeled with $^{123}I\;using\;Cu^{2+}$ as catalyst. After purification by Sep-pak, radiochemical purity was determined by TLC. We compared cellular uptake between glioma and liposarcoma after incubation of 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 mins with culture medium containing $^{123}I$-BMIPP. The difference in biodistribution was determined between non-feeding (water only) group for 18 hr and feeding group in normal mice (n=6/group) at 0.5, 2, and 24 hr. In liposarcoma-hearing nude mice model, liposarcoma, SW872, ceil lines were injected subcutaneously into the felt thigh of nude mice. The biodistribution of $^{123}I$-BMIPP was evaluated at 0.5, 2, and 24 hr (n:5 / group) and in vivo Image of $^{123}I$-BMIPP was obtained with gamma camera at 2 and 24 hr in liposarcoma-hearing nude mice. Results: Radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity were 95% and above 99%, respectively. SW872 cell line showed more increased uptake than 9L with 1.5 times at 180 mins. The clearance of $^{123}I$-BMIPP in various tissues was more delayed in the non-feeding group than in the feeding group, especially at delayed time (24 hr) in normal mice, and the major excreting organ was the gastrointestinal tract. In liposarcoma-bearing nude mice, tumor/blood ratio of $^{123}I$-BMIPP was 0.94, 0.75, and 1.38 and tumor/muscle ratio was 0.66, 1.53, and 1.11 at 0.5, 2, and 24hr, respectively. $^{123}I$-BMIPP was selectively localized in liposarcoma at 24 hr image. Conclusions: These results suggest that $^{123}I$-BMIPP can be used as a liposarcoma-imaging agent.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.324-339
• /
• 2013

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of cyber communities composed of migrant workers from communities without propinquity in Korea. Its methods are both qualitative and quantitative. It further seeks to discover the relationship between the social capital formed and reproduced within these cyber communities and participants' cultural adaptation to Korean society. The study revealed that ethnic and non-ethnic communities differed in terms of strength of cohesion, space constraints, and links with the outside world. The former showed characteristics of a localized community type. The main motivations for migrant workers' participation in the ethnic cyber community were communication and friendship rather than cooperation and sharing among members. They usually used cyber communication media to communicate with one another. Conversely, the latter showed characteristics of an integrative type. Despite the difficulties in applying for membership and information provided in Korean, a high percentage of migrant workers participated in the community to obtain crucial information. The results did not show a significant correlation between social capital and migrant workers' traits within the cyber community, while a strong correlation emerged among four factors of social capital: faith, norms, networking, and political participation. The study showed that social capital in the cyber community was in direct proportion to an integrative type of cultural adaptation to Korean society. In particular, there was a strong connection between the cultural adaptation exhibited by members of the migrant subculture and their participation in discussions on political issues and human rights, with some migrants even functioning as agents of social change as participants in citizens' movements. The findings suggest that the cyber community facilitates the migrant subculture's communication with and integration into the indigenous Korean culture. Migrant workers' participation in the cyber community is therefore validated as an instrumental practice for members of this subculture to adapt to Korean society.