• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2006

부공간 투영기술(subspace projection)을 이용한 얼굴인식기술의 성능은 이들 기저영상들(basis images)의 특징과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 특히 표정변화와 같은 국부적 왜곡이나 오클루전이 있는 경우의 인식성능은 기저영상들의 특징에 의해 영향을 받게 된다. 부공간 투영기반의 얼굴인식 방법이 오클루전이나 표정변화와 같은 국부적인 왜곡발생에 강인하려면 부분국부적 표현(part-based local representation)의 기저벡터를 갖는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 국부적 왜곡과 오클루전에 강인한 효과적인 부분국부적 표현방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법을 LS-ICA(locally salient ICA) 방법이라고 명명하였다. LS-ICA방법은 ICA 구조I의 기저영상을 구하는 과정에서 공간적인 국부성(locality)의 제약조건을 부과함으로써 부분국부적 기저영상(part-based local basis images)을 얻는 방법이다. 결과적으로 공간적으로 현저한 특징만을 포함하는 기저영상을 사용하게 되며, 이는 "Recognition by Parts"의 방법론과 유사하다. LS-ICA방법과 LNMF(Localized Non-negative Matrix Factorization)와 LFA(Local Feature Analysis)와 같은 기존의 부분 표현방법(part-based representation)들에 대해 다양한 얼굴영상 데이타베이스를 사용하여 실험한 결과, LS-ICA방법이 기존의 방법에 비하여 높은 인식성능을 보였으며, 특히 오클루전이나 국부적인 변형이 포함된 얼굴영상에서 뛰어난 인식성능을 보였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9143-9146
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the general characteristics of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pancreatic cancer as well as evaluate the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV), DVT and survival. Materials and Methods: Seventy-seven patients with pancreatic cancer, who were admitted to Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Oncology, were enrolled in the study Results: The mean age was $59{\pm}20$. Forty-nine (63.6%) were men and 28 women (36.4%). Sixty-eight (88.3%) patients had adenocarcinoma and 9 (11.7%) had a malignant epithelial tumor. Thirty-six (46.7%) had liver metastasis at diagnosis. Twenty-six (33.8%) patients were alive, 20 (26%) were dead and in 31 (40.2%) the status was unknown. Only 14 (18.1%) patients had DVT. In 42 (54.5%) patients MPV values were normal, in 28 (36.4%) patients they were above normal, and in 7 (9.1%) patients they were below normal. There was no statistically significant difference between gender, tumour localization, chemotherapy and survival rates (p:0.56, p:0.11, p:0.21). There was no significant difference between DVT, gender, localisation, histological subtype, the presence of metastasis, stage and if the patient had been treated with chemotherapy (p:0.5, p:0.6, p:0.2, p:0.32, p:0.1, p:0.84). There was also no significant difference between MPV and DVT (p:0.57) but there was a significant difference between liver metastasis and DVT (p:0.02). Age, stage, the presence of metastasis and DVT were prognostic in pancreatic cancer patients. Conclusions: Cases of pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis should be studied more carefully as thrombosis is more common in these patients.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2015

The idea of using measured dynamic characteristics for damage detection is attractive because it allows for a global evaluation of the structural health and condition. However, vibration-based damage detection for complex structures such as long-span cable-supported bridges still remains a challenge. As a suspension or cable-stayed bridge involves in general thousands of structural components, the conventional damage detection methods based on model updating and/or parameter identification might result in ill-conditioning and non-uniqueness in the solution of inverse problems. Alternatively, methods that utilize, to the utmost extent, information from forward problems and avoid direct solution to inverse problems would be more suitable for vibration-based damage detection of long-span cable-supported bridges. The auto-associative neural network (ANN) technique and the probabilistic neural network (PNN) technique, that both eschew inverse problems, have been proposed for identifying and locating damage in suspension and cable-stayed bridges. Without the help of a structural model, ANNs with appropriate configuration can be trained using only the measured modal frequencies from healthy structure under varying environmental conditions, and a new set of modal frequency data acquired from an unknown state of the structure is then fed into the trained ANNs for damage presence identification. With the help of a structural model, PNNs can be configured using the relative changes of modal frequencies before and after damage by assuming damage at different locations, and then the measured modal frequencies from the structure can be presented to locate the damage. However, such formulated ANNs and PNNs may still be incompetent to identify damage occurring at the deck members of a cable-supported bridge because of very low modal sensitivity to the damage. The present study endeavors to enhance the damage identification capability of ANNs and PNNs when being applied for identification of damage incurred at deck members. Effort is first made to construct combined modal parameters which are synthesized from measured modal frequencies and modal shape components to train ANNs for damage alarming. With the purpose of improving identification accuracy, effort is then made to configure PNNs for damage localization by adapting the smoothing parameter in the Bayesian classifier to different values for different pattern classes. The performance of the ANNs with their input being modal frequencies and the combined modal parameters respectively and the PNNs with constant and adaptive smoothing parameters respectively is evaluated through simulation studies of identifying damage inflicted on different deck members of the double-deck suspension Tsing Ma Bridge.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1998

The SPECT radiopharmaceuticals labeled with I-123 for dopamine transporter imaging have been used to measure dopamine transporters in patients with movement disorders. However, a cyclotron produced I-123 limits its availiability and ease of use as a radioisotope to be labeled with pharmaceuticals in routine clinical diagnostic procedures. Recently, new radiophannaceuticals for Tc-99m which has optimal characteristic for SPECT imaging have been developed to overcome the limits of using I-123. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of [Tc-99m]TRODAT-1 with [I-123]IPT SPECT data and then to evaluate the usefulness of [Tc-99m]TRODAT-1 SPECT by using three noninvasive simplified quantitative methods. TRODAT-1 labeled with Tc-99m($15.93{\pm}0.82mCi$) and IPT labeled with I-123($6.60{\pm}0.11mCi$) were injected into five normal controls. Dynamic [Tc-99m]TRODAT-1 SPECT scans of brain were performed for 10 minutes each over 180 minnutes, and for 20 minutes at 4 hrs and 5 hrs. [I-123]IPT SPECT scans were performed for 5 minutes each over 120 minutes. Time activity curves were generated for the left basal ganglia(LBG), right basal ganglia(RBG), and occipital cortex(OCC). Dopamine transporter parameters were ohtained using (BG-OCC)/OCC, graphical method($R_V$), and area ratio method($R_A$). TRODAT-1 and IPT SPECT imaging showed high uptake at the level of the basal ganglia. (BG-OCC)/OCC ratios for TRODAT-1 and IPT were $0.80{\pm}0.14$, and $3.22{\pm}0.81$, $R_Vs$ were $0.62{\pm}0.12$, and $2.30{\pm}0.35$, and $R_As$ were $0.37{\pm}0.08$ and $1.73{\pm}0.31$, respectively. In conclusion, further improvement of [Tc-99m]TRODAT-1 imaging characteristics may be required to estimate the dopamine transporter concentrations in human brains although it shows clear BG localization.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2011

금강하구 연안역에서 고주파 레이더를 사용하여 2008년 12월부터 2009년 2월까지 표층류를 관측하였는데, 관측된 표층류 자료는 전파의 간섭과 기상 상황에 따라 일시적으로 관측이 이루어지지 않는 구역들이 있었다. 관측된 구역의 자료를 보충하기 위하여 최적보간 과정을 개발하여 적용하였다. 금강하구 연안역에서 표층류의 공간적 상관성의 특성을 조사하고 최적보간법을 이용하여 공간적 결측 구역을 보충하였으며, 보간된 표층류의 시공간적 분포와 산출유속 오차 패턴을 조사하였다. 연구해역 표층 순환에서 조류가 우세하므로 연안역 관측 지점들 사이의 표층해류간 상관계수가 0.7 이상이었다. 원 자료를 보간하기 위해 관측 자료공분산(C), 지역화한 공간평균 공분산($C^G_{sm}$), 지수함수를 이용한 맞춤 평균공분산($C_{ft}$)을 사용하였다. 최적보간이 결측 구간을 채우고, 관측 자료의 시계열 중에서 뾰족하게 튀어나온 비정상적인 자료 부분을 억제하였으며, 그 결과 보간한 유속 자료의 분산은 원 자료의 분산보다 작았다. 공간적 자료획득률이 70% 이상(이하)일 때, $C^G_{sm}$ ($C_{ft}$)를 이용하면 C를 이용한 경우에 비해 보간 오차가 상대적으로 작았다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2007

지난 여러 해 동안 치매에서 나타나는 안구운동기능부전에 대해 수많은 논문이 발표되었다. 안구운동검사는 뇌의 기능을 평가하는 비침습적인 검사이며, 치매와 연관된 뇌의 이상을 밝혀내는데 유용한 방법이다. 저자는 치매와 연관된 안구운동이상에 대한 지금까지의 여러 연구들을 고찰해 보았다. 알쯔하이머병에서는 신속안구운동의 잠재기가 증가하고 정확도가 감소하며 항신속안구운동의 오류가 증가 한다. 전측두엽 치매 환자에서는 반사성 신속안구운동 억제의 장애와 항신속안구운동 잠재기와 오류 증가 소견이 나타난다. 그리고 헌팅톤병에서는 수의적인 신속안구운동의 시작 지연, 느린 신속안구운동, 항신속안구운동의 오류와 잠재기 증가 소견이 나타난다. 파킨슨병 치매와 루이체 치매 환자에서는 반사성 신속안구운동과 복합성 신속안구운동 실행 장애가 보고되었다. 크로이츠펠트-야콥 병에 관한 연구는 많지 않으며, 안구운동장애는 치매 증상이 명확해진 이후인 질병의 말기에 나타나고, 이차적으로 소뇌와 전정기관을 침범하게 된다고 한다. 진행성 핵상마비에서는 느린 신속안구운동과 측정저하 신속안구운동이 수직방향주시 장애가 오기 이전에 나타나는 경우가 많다. 수의적인 눈꺼풀 운동의 기능부전도 진행성 핵상마비의 특징적인 증상이다. 결론적으로 치매 환자들은 다양한 비정상적인 안구운동장애를 나타내며 이는 피질, 피질하 기능부전과 연관되어 있다. 치매 환자의 안구운동장애에 대한 다음 단계 연구는 치매에서 나타나는 임상적인 증상이 뇌의 어떤 부위 이상 때문에 발생하는지를 좀 더 명확하게 밝히는 것이 될 것이다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

Now in order to overcome the weakest points of the rural areas of the city of Kimje and, transform them into rural cultural villages which have local governing systems suitable to new localization age and activate this plan, we selected Daesan Village as a model village which had shown a lot of potentials in the basic research and studied it dividing it into the former part and the latter part. We studied Daesan village in the former part focusing on state analysis and basic ideas and in the latter part focusing on master plan and detail planning. We can summarize the conclusion like the followings. 1. Daesan Village located 8 kilometer away from the downtown Kimje and the city of Iksan respectably has comparatively good environment of good sunny place as an open field whose surrounding configuration of the ground consists of farming lands and low hills in front and rear. It has 38 farming households in all. 2. Human environment(인문환경); the village road whose width is about 4 meters is forming a flow system forking off into three. There is a route bus which operates three times a day even into the inside of the village. The main sources of revenue are vegetables in facilities, fruits and floriculture. Their average revenue is about 10.5 million won. 3. Here in DaeSan Village a legend dealing with Teasan literally meaning a big mountain consist of th village's tradition and you can see the tombs of a very faithful son and Anwi an army general in the age of the Japanese Invasion of Korea of 1592 to 1598 inside the village. 4. 85 out of the eitire population 141 whose age are over 20 showed very positive attitudes in a questionnaire about, making the village a cultural one and its development. 5. The basic of planned ideas is to increase the revenue of the farming household by making the village a professional farming one which has a state-of the-art production facility and agricultural technique. It is to make the village the one where people can enjoy the sense of the rural life and the farmer can enjoy their lives through consumptive and consistant leisure and resting activities. 6. We are planning to make entrance space, life space, rest and sport space, and cultural space considering the characteristics of the village and the demand of the resident. We are also planning to make tile entire city of Kimje an information transmitting base in short and long term perspectives. 7. DaeSan Village was planned as a place where tradition and the future exist together. On the basis of this concept we planned future programs for Daesan Village and in the latter part of the study master plans and detail plans will be continued.the regional agricultural condition. The development permissions were only during the period of restricted to use ($1979.12{\sim}1993.11$). We propose that the authority of development permission should be given to the local autonomy government, because the local government has the knowledge of its individual agricultural conditions.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2002

두족류 Octopus minor와 Todarodes pacificus의 시엽내 신경전달물질을 분비하는 neuron의 특성 및 기능을 확인하기 위해 serotonin 및 somatostatin의 항체를 사용한 면역염색과 면역금표지법을 시행하였다. 면역염색 결과 항-somatostatin은 살오징어인 경우 항-serotonin 면역반응과 유사하게 나타났지만, 서해낙지에서는 외과립세포층의 큰 세포에서만 반응을 보였다. 항-serotonin을 이용한 면역금표지법은 살오징어인 경우 내과립세포층과 수질부의 신경세포에서는 세포질 $0.5{\mu}m^2$당 30개 정도의 금입자가 관찰되어 강한 반응을 보인 반면, 서해낙지에서는 17개 정도의 비교적 약한 반응을 보였다. 항-somatostatin에서는 살오징어의 외과립 및 내과립세포층 그리고 수질부의 반응된 세포의 세포질 $0.5{\mu}m^2$당 30개 정도의 금입자가 관찰되어 강한 반응을 보인 반면, 서해낙지의 외과립세포층의 세포에서는 3개 정도의 금입자만이 관찰되어 역시 약한 반응을 보였다. 이와 같이 시엽의 각 부위별 면역염색과 면역금표지법을 시행한 결과 2종류의 항체에 각각 양성반응을 보인 신경세포들이 두 종에서 다양하게 분포하고 있음을 확인했는데 특히 면역염색과 면역금표지법에 관한 반응외 정도를 비교하면 서해낙지에 비해 살오징어에서 비교적 강하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.836-841
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• 2016

Wi-Fi를 이용한 실내 위치인식 시스템은 2차원 이상의 실내 공간 정보와 노드 위치정보 등이 결합된 무선 신호 지도의 제작이 필수적이다. 이를 구성하기 위한 과정인 Wi-Fi 노드의 RSSI 측정 및 배치 정보 확인에 시간 비용이 크게 발생한다. 특히 기존의 무선 환경이 변하거나 새로운 공간이 만들어질 경우 실내 위치기반의 서비스를 제공하기 위해 노드의 재설치 및 새로운 실내 무선 지도 제작이 필요하다. 이러한 문제로 인해 발생되는 시간 소비를 줄이기 위하여 본 논문에서는 3 m 간격으로 설치된 Cable형 Wi-Fi를 사용하여 정확한 노드의 배치 위치를 판별 및 공간 분석이 가능한 RSSI 가시화 및 Sobel 필터 기반 경계선 검출을 통해 복도 구간의 직선과 곡선을 구분하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. Cable형 Wi-Fi는 동일한 전력선으로 연결되어 있으므로 노드가 일정한 간격으로 설치된 순서를 알 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 이를 기반으로, 공간의 특정 구간을 분석이 가능하도록 측정된 RSSI 기반 가시화과정을 통해 신호의 분포를 확인하고 이를 Sobel 필터 기반 경계선 검출 및 Total RSSI Distribution(TRD) 연산을 통하여 분석한다. Raw data와 제안하는 알고리즘 신호강도를 비교해본 결과 제안하는 알고리즘의 신호 세기는 곡선 구간에서 경계선 특성이 평균 13.73 % 증가하였다. 또한 직선 구간 신호의 세기를 평균 34.16 % 감소시켜 직선구간과 곡선구간의 특성이 개선되었다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 1996

Aspirating or swallowing foreign bodies is a common occurrence. If they are wholly or partly radiopaque, their localization in and progress through the gastrointestinal tract can be more effective. Of the dental origin foreign materials swallowed, the most common things are fragments of anterior maxillary partial denture. But the radiopacity of denture base resins is not sufficient to determine the location of the objects. The purpose of this study was to develop a radiopaque dental acrylic resin, which has clinically detectible radiopacity with minimal change of mechanical properties and color. The radiopacity, color change(CIE 6..E) and microhardness of acrylic resins were determined after mixing barium sulfate or iodide compound. Thermocycling course was conducted to determine the change of characteristic of resins after using for a long time in the mouth. Five or ten percent of barium sulfate to total weight of cured material was mixed with heat curing dental acrylic resin or chemically curing orthodontic resin. In the case of iodide compound, the mixing ratio was two or three percent. After mixing the high radiopaque materials, resin was cured to 20×20×2 mm plate, polished with #600 sand paper and finally polished with Microcloth(Buehler). The specimens were thermocycled in 5 and 55 t distilled water for 2,000 times, and the measurement of radiopacity, color and Vickers hardness was repeated every 500 times thcrmocycling. The radiopacity of specimens on the X -ray films was measured with densitometer(X-rite). The color change was detennined with differential colorimeter(Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku), and the Vickers hardness number was measured with microhardness tester(Mitsuzawa). The following results were obtained : 1. All the three variables, the kinds of acrylic resins, the mixing or the kinds of high radiopaque materials and thermocycling, had combined effect on the radiopacity of the dental acrylic resins(p<0.0l). 2. The two variables, the mixing or the kinds of high radiopaque materials and thermocycling, influenced on the radiopacity of the dental acrylic resins(p<0.01). But the kinds of acrylic resins did not influence on the color change of mixed dental acrylic resins(p>0.05). 3. Each of the three variables, the kinds of acrylic resins, the mixing or the kinds of high radiopaque materials and thermocycling, influenced on the radiopacity of dental acrylic resins(p<0.0l). 4. The high radiopaque materials used in this study did not yield clinically usable radiopacity, and the color change was great after mixing those materials.