• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

This study investigated the enzyme histochemical localization and characteristics of lactate (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) related with the oxidation-reduction metabolism in the sparganum and adult of 5. erinacei. By enzyme histochemical assay, activity of LDH was strong in the tegument and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult and sparganum. Activity of MDH was strong in the tegument of the sparganum and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult. However it was weak in the tegument of the adult. By electrophoresis, 45 kDa band was major and common in LDH of adults and spargana. The 150 kDa molecule was the major and common band in MDH of adults and r -spargana (from experimentally infected rats) . By isoelectrofocusing, isoelectric points (Pl) or 4 MDH isogyme from adult worm were 6.0.6.5, 6.7 and 7.1, respectively. Pl 6.0 was the major band. The active range of pH for MDH was about pH 6-8 and the optimum pH was pH 7 The effective temperature on the MDH was about $30^{\circ}C$∼$50^{\circ}C$ and the optimum temperature was about 40℃ in spargana md adult worm. In the stability against heat, when MDH was heated at 85℃ for 10 seconds, the activity was denatured perfectly. Maximum activity or MDH was 19.4 unit in the s-sparganum (from snakes), 24.5 unit in the r-sparganum (from rats) and 108.0 unit in the adult worm. The maximum activity was higher in adults than in spargana. The present result showed us that the nutrients absorbed through the tegument were transferred into inner tissues and were utilized as the source of metabolism. According to the habitat of the parasite, the isozymes of LDH and MDH are activated differently, and by this different activation the sparganum and adult can adapt themselves to parasitic circumstances.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.369-379
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• 1998

Despite acknowledgment that pain is likely to be a major problem for many older adults, it is difficult to estimate the frequency of pain problems for this population. The main purpose of this study was to identify the various characteristics of chronic pain in the elderly by gender. It examines by gender, pain frequency, pain intensity, number of chronic pain sites, localization of pain, impact on activities, methods of pain management, and effects of chronic pain management. The subjects were 189 elderly people(65 years and older) living in an urban area. They were surveyed at their homes. They were surveyed by interview using a closed-ended questionnaire. The survey was done from Nov. 6th. to Dec. 6th. 1997. Descriptive statistics were used to determine all of the reported pain variables. Chi-square tests were used to determine crude differences between pain intensity and gender. T-test was used to determine differences in number of pain sites between men and women. The findings are as follows ; Of the 189 subjects, 83.6% reported experiencing pain, and men reported a lower prevalence (69.5%) than women(89.2%). Women had significantly more severe pain than did men(p=.001). Lower back pain(20.2%) and leg pain(20.2%) were the most prevalent, followed by knee pain(17.4%), arm pain(13.3%), neck and shoulder pain(11.6%), and headache(9.9%). Women experienced more multiple localizations of pain(p=.0001), the greatest impact was on movement (83.5%) , followed by usual activities(60.8%), sleep(49.4%), visiting(29.1%), and hobbies and recreations(50.0%). No differences were observed between men and women in the proportion of subjects reporting a negative impact on each of these activities. The methods of pain management were hospital visit(70.9%), drug store medication(46.7%), oriental medicine clinic(32.9%), endurance(13.3%), self-management(6.3%). Drug therapy was the most effective pain management strategy(94%), followed by physical therapy(63%) and accupuncture.byssocausis(55%). The conclusion : Pain is a symptom of great clinical importance that is often associated with disability, loss of independence, and reduced quality of life. In this study chronic pain symptoms were common but unevenly distributed in men and women. The results further advance understanding of the experience and impact of pain by gender. Future studies should incorporate questions that gather systemic and more detailed information on the characteristics of pain, especially by gender and by age.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-225
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper analyzes the characteristics of economic space in Gyeonggi border regions. Especially, this study focuses on understanding the environment enveloped the enterprises because today, largely influenced factor for regional economic development is enterprises. Since 1990's the change of the spacial organization in Korean Capital region has been inducing the functional transformation in Gyeonggi border regions so that new function -beyond military functions- is developed in these regions. By the disindustrialization in core region contributed to the industrialization in periphery, border regions are developed as a concentrated space of traditional industries and small size manufactural firms. The most important pull factor is facility for obtain a factory site and favorable condition of land price. Globally, the reasons to locate enterprise in these regions are found not in positive and progressive strategies but in passive and defensive strategies. Therefore few enterprise carried about influences of economic cooperation between North and South Korea at the moment of decision of their site. The survey reveal that enterprises didn't highly estimate the environment in border regions as their business activities. The first dissatisfied condition is insufficiency of labour and difficulty of access for administrative and high level services, due to geographical separation. Considering the recent tendency of spacial reorganization in Capital region is not always good for border regions, border regions have to employ a policy with the object of ameliorating regional business environments and growing up a potentiality of endogenous development.

• Strategy21
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• s.41
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• pp.261-293
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• 2017

Nuclear power is a way of attaining an enormous amount of energy with relatively small amount of resources and after it has been introduced to the submarine since 1954, there are approximately 150 of nuclear powered submarine currently on a mission around the world. This is due to the maneuverability, mountability and covertness of nuclear submarines. However, there are other tasks, not only the high level of nuclear technology that are needed to be dealt with in order to construct nuclear powered submarine. The biggest task of all is to secure the enriched uranium. Accordingly, this research is about the way of enriching and securing the nuclear fuel that are used in the nuclear submarine with the characteristics, merits and demerits of the nuclear submarine. Due to the fact that the pressurized water reactor in South Korea is the reactor that was originally built for the development of nuclear powered submarine, many parts is designed to be suitable for the submarine propulsion. However, in order to apply this to submarine it is needed to consider additional requests such as the position of reactor, accident-coping system, radioactive covering, reactor output adjustment and ship's pitch and roll in order to apply this to submarine. Nuclear submarines have much higher speed based on the powerful propulsion in comparison with diesel-electric submarine and also have bigger loading area. Besides, there is no need to snorkel and they also have advantages in covertness with the multi-noise proof system. The nuclear technology in South Korea has seen the dramatic development since 1962 and in 1998 reached to the level that we have succeeded in the localization of nuclear plant and exported the world-class one-piece small-sized reactor (SMART) to UAE. To operate these reactors, we import the whole quantity of low-enriched uranium and having our own uranium enrich facility is not probable because of the budget and international regulations. With the ROK/US nuclear agreement revised on 2015 November, the enrichment of uranium that are available without special permission has changed up to 20%. According to the assumption that we use the 20% enrichment of Uranium on U.S. virginia class submarine, it is necessary to change the fuel after 11 years and it will cause additional cost of 1 billion dollars. But the replace period by the uranium's enrichment rate is not fixed so that it is possible to change according to the design of reactor. Therefore, I would like to make a suggestion on two types of design concepts of nuclear submarine that can be operated for 30 years without nuclear fuel change by using the 20% enriched uranium from ONNp.First of all, it is possible by increasing the size of reactor by 3 times and it results in the 1,000t increase of the weight. And secondly, it is by designing the one piece reactor to insert devices such as steam turbine, condenser into the inside of nuclear core like the Rubis class submarines of France.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 1999

This study was aimed to investigate the enzyme-histochemical localization and characteristics of alkaline and acid phosphatase extracted from adult of Echinostoma hortense. Using the Gomori calcium stain and the Gomori lead nitrate satin method, we found that the alkaline and acid phosphatases were localized mostly in the intestine, vitellaria and pharynx of Echinostoma hortense. The three isozymes of alkaline phosphatase and two isozymes of acid phosphatase were separated from Echinostoma hortense by electrophoresis. The isozymes of alkaline phosphatase were 145.9, 207.5, 220.8 kDa and the isozymes of acid phosphatase were 179.5 and 209.4 kDa. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was denatured completely after heating at 9$0^{\circ}C$ for 12 seconds. The optimum pH and temperature for activity of alkaline phosphatase were about pH 9 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, while the optimum pH for activity of acid phosphatase was about pH 5. The maximum activity of alkaline phosphatase was at 189 unit, but maximum activity of acid phosphatase was at 71 unit As the result from above, we observed that alkaline and acid phosphatases funtion mainly in the alimentary tract and vitellaria. Echinostoma hortense performs the parasitism in the intestine of host by using proper isozyme of phosphatase.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.277-284
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• 2013

The analysis of phase synchronization characteristics from EEG signals is important for the understanding of information processing functionality in the brain network. In this paper, wavelet transformation(WT), Hilbert tansformation (HT), complex demodulation (CD) methods having time localization characteristics were applied to real evoked potential data and noise added simulation data with center frequencies corresponding to EEG bands for the estimation performance analysis of phase offset, phase changing point, and interband crosstalk. The WT is the best both in ${\delta}$, ${\theta}$, and ${\alpha}$ band signal decomposition, and in analyzing phase synchronization performance. The CD can be efficiently used in changing point detection under tolerant noise condition because of its abrupt performance degradation over noise endurance level. From experimental observations, the WT is the most suitable in phase synchronization application of EEG signal, and the CD can be affordable in restricted application such as changing point detection for higher bands than ${\delta}$. Particularly, WT and CD can be used to detect the changing instant of brain function by indirectly estimating the phase changing point.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.123-130
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• 2016

High-frequency induction heating equipment can heat the metal by applying a High-Frequency power to the resonant circuit. The resonance circuit is composed of the work coil and the conduction-cooled power capacitor, it influences the performance of the heat treatment equipment according to the characteristics of the capacitor. However, dependence on conduction-cooled power capacitor's import is high due to lack of core technology research and development. Minimizing the generation of internal heat transmitted inside during LC resonance, reduce the reactive power loss, there is a need for a capacitor within the voltage characteristic outstanding. To implement localization it is vital that prior study of the analysis on the frequency response characteristic for the finished capacitor advanced manufacturer be implemented. Studying the interpolation method to read the value at any point of the characteristic curve for a given log-log scale was applied to the analysis tool of the capacitor by my proposed algorithm. The simulation for reproducing frequency response curves was attempted by assuming a capacitor in a simplified series equivalent RC circuit to obtain the equivalent series resistance value. It was confirmed that the reproduction rate was the result value above 83% as compared to the simulation of the properties and characteristics on the actual reactive power for Peak value, and that the algorithm can be applicable when analyzing and predicting the characteristic curves of a simpled model capacitor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2205-2210
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• 2014

Objective: To retrospectively review the clinical characteristics and analyze the prognostic factors of Chinese patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Materials and Methods: The clinical data of 176 patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors in Chinese PLA General Hospital from Mar., 2000 to Oct., 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The parameters were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis, including the gender, age, smoking history, family history, TNM staging, localization (central or peripheral), tumor size, nodal status, histological subtype and treatment (operation or non-operation). Results: There were 23 patients with typical carcinoids (TC) (13.1%), 41 with atypical carcinoids (AC) (23.3%), 10 with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) (5.7%) and 102 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (57.9%). The median follow-up time was 64.5 months for AC, 38 months for LCNEC and 27 months for SCLC. The typical carcinoid censored data was 18 (more than 50% of the patients), so the median follow-up time was not obtained, and actuarial 5-year survivals for TC, AC, LCNEC and SCLC were 75.1%, 51.7%, 26.7% and 38.8%, respectively. COX univariate analysis revealed that the age (P=0.001), histological subtype (P=0.005), nodal status (P=0.000), treatment (P=0.000) and TNM staging (P=0.000) were the prognostic factors of the patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, whereas its multivariate analysis showed that only the age(P=0.001), TNM staging (P=0.002) and treatment (P=0.000) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Radical surgery remains the treatment of choice, and is the only curative option. The age, TNM staging and treatment are confirmed to be the independent prognostic factors in multivariable models for pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-45
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• 1999

This study reviewed theories on entrepreneurial local governance and inquired the changing regional policy in Chonnam region. The region became exposure as the direct investment unit of global capital by globalization of capital, the inter-regional competition and the relative reduction of the role and function of nation state. Therefore local government have the relative autonomy and the region is effected as the chosen space by capital according to the free movement of capital. It has been argued that there has been a reorientation of urban governance away from the local provision of welfare and services to a more outward-orientated stance designed to foster and encourage local growth and economic development. These profound changes in the way that cities operate have seen the public sector taking over characteristics once distinctive to the private sector leading many commentators to term such modes of governance as entrepreneurial. In Chonnam region, many local governments are introducing entrepreneurial policies for regional development. It appears as place marketing strategy to attract capital and tourists. This strategy is very important to used identity or culture of region in order to make the attractive region. The entrepreneurial characteristics and strategies appear as image unification of region, commodity development of natural or cultural resource, event and business projects. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial policy that is based upon regional growth can cause the problem of social justice like distributional distortion and inequality.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.511-519
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• 2021

Slewing bearing is applied to the transmission of rotational power of the body and turret in a special vehicle for anti-aircraft weapons that overcomes the enemy flight system approaching at low altitudes with rapid response fire. When the turret load and impact load generated when shooting are combined in performing the combat mission of a special vehicle, structural stability must be secured to achieve a successful function. Among the components of the slewing bearing, the stability of the components against the complex loads acting by the turret drive and shooting was evaluated by considering the shape and material characteristics of the ring-gear, roller, and wire-race. As a research method for stability evaluation, based on engineering theory, the strength characteristics of the components were examined by numerical calculations. Finite element analysis was performed on components using the ANSYS analysis program. The results of theoretical analysis and the results of finite element analysis were very similar. A structural stability evaluation for the slewing bearing, which was performed mainly on the analysis, confirmed that the design strength of the slewing bearing determined in the preliminary design in the early stage of localization development was sufficient.