• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.629-640
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• 2022

This study analyzed the relationship between local government size and regional economic growth using regional data from 2002 to 2020. By dividing local government expenditure into social development expenditure and economic development expenditure, economic growth and the inverted U-shaped Armey curve were verified, and the optimal size of local government expenditure was examined. In particular, the AMG estimation method considering the cross-sectional dependence and regional heterogeneity existing in the panel data was utilized. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between local fiscal expenditure and regional economic growth. When the proportion of total local fiscal expenditure is 7.63% of GRDP and social development expenditure is 3.45%, it is found that the optimal size of expenditure can maximize the regional economic growth rate. Local governments should increase the effectiveness of public expenditure policies by considering these points.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.345-357
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• 2003

The paper discusses a novel educational initiative in e-commerce pedagogy where students work on an e-government project. The paper describes a two-semester joint e-government project conducted by the town of Amherst, NY, and the State University of New York at Buffalo. During the first semester, students in a graduate e-commerce course in the School of Management were instructed to identify and analyze management issues valuable for small or middle size local government. In the second semster graduate students from the Department of Computer Science and Engineering designed and implemented prototypes of three e-government portals: an on-line action site for governmental procurement (E-Procurement), a portal for reservation of community recreation facilities (E-Recreation), and a portal for online dog registration (E-DogRegistration) combining a central registry of dog owners with distributed veterinarian databases. The objective of this initiative is twofold. First, it saves the local government resources by eliminating duplication of services and by using students as developers. Second, it provides students with real life hands-on experience. The paper discusses both the technical issues involved in the implementation of the project, and the management issues that need to be taken into account to enhance the e-commerce experience for the ordinary citizen and local governments.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2020

Along side with the rapid growth of local governments' advertising bills, there are few studies focused on the effectiveness of these ads. Especially one of the media being used by the local governments is the Korea Express Train (KTX), where they advertise in the train coaches' KTX video monitor. Unfortunately the ads in KTX are exposed without audio mostly. The current study, therefore, probed on the effectiveness of these ads. This study utilized transportation theory and content analysis methodology to give insight to its discourse. We established two analysis units (camera and subtitles), and then analyzed 107 local government ads. From the camera analysis, it is observed that local governments' festival and tour promotion ads more often employ dynamic angles such as drone shot and long shot. Also, from subtitles usage analysis, it is observed that many of the ads make use of large size titles and subtitles which could prevent viewers seeing visual shots. In the special case audio-less KTX ads, this study recommends emphasis on subtitles which will enhance the ad effectiveness of the ad messages.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 1997

Korean agriculture and rural sector has undergone a wide range of reform after the Uruguay Round. Major policy measure is to put finances of huge budget from tax payers since 1994 in preparation of the Rural Development Strategy and Reform Program. Both in the total amount and individual size of the subsidy and loan for eligible farmers and farmers group are large and drastically enormous than any other programs in the past. The strategy adopted was a bottom-up approach, Particularly in selecting the project with local autonomy. However, it has been still criticized as the form of centralized control of budget and decsion. In terms of the program effectiveness too, it is doubtful to judge that Korean agriculture is in a road to getting the international competetiveness as targeted. Since the local autonomy was started in 1995, the political structure has been settling in a way to be more locally institutionalized. Rural development policy, as the key point of economic and industrial dimension of local autonomy, should be initiated and practiced in real term by the local government. This paper, in this concern, in reviewing the past rural development prolicy and programs, discussed the necessary issues relevant to legal bases of land uses in Korea. Further, the direction of increasing local automous power of local government was discussed in the senses of budgetary control and decision. The power and budget should be allocated more to the rural development plans of local government in order to fulfilize integrated rural spatial development in this new era of globalization.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the effect of local government capacities on the improvement of air pollution. For this purpose, we construct a dynamic panel model using a data set for air pollutants such as $SO_2$, $CO_2$, and particulate matters and the local governments' capacities for Chinese Provinces in the period of 2007 - 2014. The results show that of the three types of capacities, the organizational capacity measured by environmental personnel, environmental expenditures, and average size of environmental institutions is very important, while the institutional capacity and social capacity have a insignificant impact on the air quality improvement. Among the local government capacities, other than the organizational capacity, only the activity of environmental organizations, which is a social capacity, partially affects the improvement of air pollution. Regarding local conditions, vertical dependence of financial resources, GRDP per capita, and population density have a negative impact on improving air pollution. These findings provide implications for local governments in China as to what capacities they should improve to improve air pollution.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-156
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• 2013

Researchers in welfare services of local government in Korea have rather been on isolated issues as disables, childcare, aging phenomenon, etc. (Kang, 2004; Jung et al., 2009). Lately, local officials, yet, realize that they need more comprehensive welfare services for all residents, not just for above-mentioned focused groups. Still cases dealt with focused group approach have been a main research stream due to various reason(Jung et al., 2009; Lee, 2009; Jang, 2011). Social Security Information System is an information system that comprehensively manages 292 welfare benefits provided by 17 ministries and 40 thousand welfare services provided by 230 local authorities in Korea. The purpose of the system is to improve efficiency of social welfare delivery process. The study of local government expenditure has been on the rise over the last few decades after the restarting the local autonomy, but these studies have limitations on data collection. Measurement of a local government's welfare efforts(spending) has been primarily on expenditures or budget for an individual, set aside for welfare. This practice of using monetary value for an individual as a "proxy value" for welfare effort(spending) is based on the assumption that expenditure is directly linked to welfare efforts(Lee et al., 2007). This expenditure/budget approach commonly uses total welfare amount or percentage figure as dependent variables (Wildavsky, 1985; Lee et al., 2007; Kang, 2000). However, current practice of using actual amount being used or percentage figure as a dependent variable may have some limitation; since budget or expenditure is greatly influenced by the total budget of a local government, relying on such monetary value may create inflate or deflate the true "welfare effort" (Jang, 2012). In addition, government budget usually contain a large amount of administrative cost, i.e., salary, for local officials, which is highly unrelated to the actual welfare expenditure (Jang, 2011). This paper used local government welfare service data from the detailed data sets linked to the Social Security Information System. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that affect social welfare spending of 230 local authorities in 2012. The paper applied multiple regression based model to analyze the pooled financial data from the system. Based on the regression analysis, the following factors affecting self-funded welfare spending were identified. In our research model, we use the welfare budget/total budget(%) of a local government as a true measurement for a local government's welfare effort(spending). Doing so, we exclude central government subsidies or support being used for local welfare service. It is because central government welfare support does not truly reflect the welfare efforts(spending) of a local. The dependent variable of this paper is the volume of the welfare spending and the independent variables of the model are comprised of three categories, in terms of socio-demographic perspectives, the local economy and the financial capacity of local government. This paper categorized local authorities into 3 groups, districts, and cities and suburb areas. The model used a dummy variable as the control variable (local political factor). This paper demonstrated that the volume of the welfare spending for the welfare services is commonly influenced by the ratio of welfare budget to total local budget, the population of infants, self-reliance ratio and the level of unemployment factor. Interestingly, the influential factors are different by the size of local government. Analysis of determinants of local government self-welfare spending, we found a significant effect of local Gov. Finance characteristic in degree of the local government's financial independence, financial independence rate, rate of social welfare budget, and regional economic in opening-to-application ratio, and sociology of population in rate of infants. The result means that local authorities should have differentiated welfare strategies according to their conditions and circumstances. There is a meaning that this paper has successfully proven the significant factors influencing welfare spending of local government in Korea.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2004

The Ministry of Construction and local governments have spent lots of money to construct 1: 1,000 scale digital topographic map. However the digital map is used only in facility management departments and the department in charge of GIS. In local governments, almost 70 ∼ 80 % of data are related with maps, which represents GIS technique and the digital maps could be used 70 ∼ 80 % of local government tasks. In this circumstances, it is necessary to spread out GIS usage through GIS education. However, there are lots of limits in GIS education such as number of people which can take classes at one time, physical location and size of classroom, and curriculums etc. To overcome these limits, cyber GIS education is becoming more important. This study presents how the cyber GIS education should be composed for the local government officers. For this purpose, this study accomplished followings ; grasp current GIS education status, analyze the needs of GIS education for local government officers, propose cyber GIS courses and curriculums according to the level of officers.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

We systematically analyzed the Wetland Conservation Action Plan of Gyeongsangnam Province to evaluate conservation status in local government level. Project topics were categorized into 1) wetland infrastructure, 2) wetland conservation and wise use, 3) education and awareness, and 4) conservation framework. From 2010 to 2013, 42 projects (145 cases, 88,899 million won) were implemented by 14 affiliated organizations under Gyeongsangnam Provincial Government. The number of projects and budget size has been decreased over 4 years, besides most of main projects were continued. The budgets were largely used for wetland project of cities and counties. Development and implementation of various conservation projects may have considerable potential values in wetland conservation, while it is still difficult to assess their overall effectiveness in the society. Diverse wetland management practices in Gyeongsangnam Provincial Government have accumulated fundamental practices and knowledge for an effective local conservation. These administrative experiences will further benefit other local government to establish wetland management framework. To accelerate policy diffusion to other local governments, Gyeongsangnam Province needs to promote and share leading experiences and information of wetland conservation. Enhanced local government framework by the legislation at central government will further support country-level management plans and practices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.429-434
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• 1999

In this study the financial performance of small scale dairy farms participating in the government subsidy programme and the impact of this government intervention on the number of animals owned, production and consumption of milk and labour employment in the farm households have been examined. After receiving the subsidy, dairy farmers expanded their herd size. The major changes occurred in the ownership of calves, heifers and cows in all categories of farms. Significant increases in production and consumption of milk as well as in labour employment were observed. The rates of increase for all the parameters studied were much higher in farms adopting cross breeding compared to those in only local-breed farms. The analysis showed that dairying was a profitable business. However, profitability was greater with cross-bred than with local-bred animals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.450-458
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of university knowledge capital on the local business activity in the Korean local governments in the year 2015. We found that the increase of the standard deviation of university patent, scientific publications, incumbent firms, and industrial property rights raised the number of new knowledge-intensive firms to 15%, 11%, 54%, and 22%, respectively, in the local economy. In addition, the coefficient which reflects the interaction effects of the knowledge capital between universities and local industries was significant in the given area in the year. On the other hand, in the control variables, the coefficients for the size of local government, population density, and percentage of 20s~40s out of the total population in the local government were significant, showing above 90% level except for the variable of the distance between a local government and Seoul. In particular, when the knowledge capital of the university and industry coexists, the synergistic effect which has influence on the foundation of knowledge-intensive firms was meaningful despite the small scale, and these two types of knowledge capital could be complementary in creating new knowledge-intensive firms in the Korean local economy.