• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2325-2330
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• 2005

A potential field method for solving the problem of path planning based on global and local information for a mobile robot moving among a set of stationary obstacles is described. The concept of various method used path planning is used design a planning strategy. A real human living area is constructed by many moving and imminence obstacles. Home service mobile robot must avoid many obstacles instantly. A path that safe and attraction towards the goal is chosen. The potential function depends on distance from the goal and heuristic function relies on surrounding environments. Three additional combined methods are proposed to apply to human living area, calibration robots position by measured surrounding environment and adapted home service robots. In this work, we proposed the application of various path planning theory to real area, human living. First, we consider potential field method. Potential field method is attractive method, but that method has great problem called local minimum. So we proposed intermediate point in real area. Intermediate point was set in doorframe and between walls there is connect other room or other area. Intermediate point is very efficiency in computing path. That point is able to smaller area, area divided by intermediate point line. The important idea is intermediate point is permanent point until destruction house or apartment house. Second step is move robot with sensing on front of mobile robot. With sensing, mobile robot recognize obstacle and judge moving obstacle. If mobile robot is reach the intermediate point, robot sensing the surround of point. Mobile robot has data about intermediate point, so mobile robot is able to calibration robots position and direction. Third, we gave uncertainty to robot and obstacles. Because, mobile robot was motion and sensing ability is not enough to control. Robot and obstacle have uncertainty. So, mobile robot planed safe path planning to collision free. Finally, escape local minimum, that has possibility occur robot do not work. Local minimum problem solved by virtual obstacle method. Next is some supposition in real living area.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2013

Purpose: Proximal metatarsal chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus is followed by significant amount of postoperative pain. Periarticular multimodal drug local injection can be an option for pain control. This study was attempted to evaluate the efficacy of the morphine as multimodal drug and to confirm the effect of periarticular multimodal drug local injection on controlling early postoperative pain. Materials and Methods: Between March 2012 and June 2012, 22 patients received proximal metatarsal chevron osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus deformity. 10 patients (Group A) received periarticular injection of the test solution made with morphine, ropivacaine, ephinephrine and ketorolac. 12 patients (Group B) received periarticular injection of the test solution without morphine. The visual analog scale (VAS) was checked at 2, 4, 6, 8 hours, 1 day and 2 days each after surgery. Results: The VAS score at postoperative 2 hours to 1 day between two groups showed no significant difference, but the VAS score at postoperative 2 days was significantly higher in Group A compared to the VAS score of group B. The amount of additional pain control (tramadol HCL) between two groups showed no significant difference for 3 days after surgery. Conclusion: Periarticular multimodal drug local injection was effective in reducing pain after hallux valgus surgery regardless of mixing with morphine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4163-4167
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• 2012

Aims: To prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of moderately hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods and Materials: From Sept. 2002 to Oct, 2005, 150 eligible patients with T2-4N0-1M0 stage thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancers were enrolled to receive either conventional fractionated radiation (CFR) or moderately hypofractionated radiation (MHR) with a three-dimensional conformal radiation technique. Of the total, 74 received moderately hypofractionated radiation with total dose of 54-60Gy/18-20fractions for 3.5-4 weeks in the MHR arm, and 76 received conventional radiation with total dose of 60Gy/30 fractions for 6 weeks in the CFR arm. Concurrent chemotherapy comprised of paclitaxel and cisplatin. Safety was evaluated, and local control and overall survival rates were calculated. Results: Statistically significant differences between the CFR versus MHR arms were observed in local/regional failure rate (47.3% v 27.0%, P=0.034) and the percentage of patients with persistent local disease (26.3% v 10.8%, P=0.012). But 3 and 5-year overall survival rates (43.2%, 38.8% v 38.2%, 28.0%, respectively) were not different between the two arms (P=0.268). There were no significant differences in the incidences of grade 3 or higher acute toxicities (66.3% v 50.0%) and late complications rates (27.0% v 22.4%) between the MHR and CFR arms. Conclusions: Moderately hypofractionated, three-dimensional radiation treatment could improve the local control rate of esophageal cancer and potentially increase patients' survival.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.722-730
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• 2001

The local heat transfer of an axisymmetric submerged air jet impinging on a heated flat plate is investigated experimentally with the variation of mesh-screen solidity. The screen installed in front of the nozzle exit modifies the flow structure and local heat transfer characteristics. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles of streamwise velocity component are measured using a hot-wire anemometry. The temperature distribution on the heated flat surface is measured with thermocouples. The smoke-wire flow visualization technique was employed to understand the near-field flow structure qualitatively for different mesh screens. Large-scale toroidal vortices and high turbulence intensity enhance the heat transfer rate in the stagnation region. For a higher solidity, turbulence intensity become higher which increases the local heat transfer at small nozzle-to-plate spacings such as L/D<6. The local and average Nusselt numbers of impinging jet from the $\sigma$(sub)s=0.83 screen at L/D=2 are about 5.6∼7.5% and 7.1% larger than those for the case of no screen, respectively. For the nozzle-to-plate spacings larger than 6, however, the turbulence intensities for all tested screens approach to an asymptotic curve and the mean velocity along the jet centerline decreases monotonically. As the nozzle-to-plat spacing increases for high solidity screens, the heat transfer rate decreases due to the reduction in turbulence intensity and jet momentum.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2008

In this study, we intend to present the uncontrolled landfill maintenance plans by diversely reviewing the operating conditions of landfill and environmental effects and economical issues resulted from the operation of landfill for the purpose of suggesting the optimal maintenance plans applicable to the uncontrolled landfill and unused landfill located in Korea. We perform the basic and precise surveys against three landfill sites showing the biggest problem out of 8 unsanitary landfills sites located in Y County. We compare and review the treatment plans prepared and operated by the N Landfill. The compared and reviewed results show that the local stabilization plan is more effective than the excavation and transfer treatment plan when considering the economic efficiency only. However, the excavation and transfer treatment plan is valid when considering the diverse elements. The G Landfill is operated with separated into living waste landfill section and construction waste landfill section. However, some landfill gas collection bores or holes are installed in its living waste landfill section, which has not been used for about 20 years, as a part of follow-up control. The element causing the environmental damage is considerably reduced in its living waste landfill section. However, the effort to keep the follow-up control through the local stabilization work is required. The landfill is under processing in the construction waste landfill section. However, most of buried wastes are the inorganic wastes such as waste materials and concrete, so the maintenance plan focused on the use of top land by installing the local stabilization facilities is considered as an effective plan. The landfill is under processing in the K Landfill. It seems to be difficult to maintain this landfill through the local stabilization. The excavation and transfer treatment plan to completely remove the potential environmental pollution source is considered as the valid plan.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Common dental procedures (local anesthesia and dental treatment) are potentially stress-inducing in many patients, especially medically compromised patients. The body response to dental stress involves the cardiovascular system (an increase in cardiovascular workload), the respiratory organ and the endocrine system (change in metabolism). To minimize the stress to the medical risk patient, the stress reduction protocol was established. The obtained contents were as follows: (1) Recognize the patient's degree of medical risk (2) Complete medical consultation before dental therapy (3) Schedule the patient's appointment in the morning (4) Monitor and record preoperative, perioperative and postoperative vital signs (5) Use psychosedation during therapy (6) Use adequate pain control during therapy (7) Short length of appointment: do not exceed the patient's limits of tolerance (8) Follow up with postoperative pain/anxiety control (9) Telephone the higher medical risk patient later on the same day that treatment was given. This protocol is predicated on the belief that the prevention of or reduction of stress ought to begin before the start of an appointment, continue throughout treatment, and, if indicated, into the postoperative period. The authors used the stress reduction protocol in the care of local anesthesia infected teeth in medically compromised patients. The final prognosis was comfortable without any complications.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.427-432
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• 2019

Objectives: In Indonesia, 61 million adults smoked in 2018, and 59 million were exposed to secondhand smoke at offices or restaurants in 2011. The Presidential Decree 109/2012 encouraged local governments to implement a smoke-free policy (SFP), and the city of Jayapura enacted a local bill (1/2015) to that effect in 2015. This study aimed to evaluate compliance with this bill and to explore challenges in implementing it. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study. Quantitatively, we assessed compliance of facilities with 6 criteria (per the bill): the presence of signage, the lack of smoking activity, the lack of sale of tobacco, the lack of tobacco advertisements, the lack of cigarette smoke, and the lack of ashtrays. We surveyed 192 facilities, including health facilities, educational facilities, places of worship, government offices, and indoor and outdoor public facilities. Qualitatively, we explored challenges in implementation by interviewing 19 informants (government officers, students, and community members). Results: The rate of compliance with all 6 criteria was 17% overall, ranging from 0% at outdoor public facilities to 50% at health facilities. Spatial patterning was absent, as shown by similar compliance rates for SFP facilities within a 1-km boundary around the provincial and city health offices compared to those outside the boundary. Implementation challenges included (1) a limited budget for enforcement, (2) a lack of support from local non-governmental organizations and universities, (3) a lack of public awareness at the facilities themselves, and (4) a lack of examples set by local leaders. Conclusions: Overall compliance was low in Jayapura due to many challenges. This information provides lessons regarding tobacco control policy in underdeveloped areas far from the central government.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.61-84
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• 2023

In this paper, I tried to clarify the background of the strengthening of centralization in the central-local relations during the Xi Jinping period in terms of the institutional structure of elite politics through a comparative study of the composition of the provincial sector of the Politburo, the highest power body, during the time of Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping. Compared to the Hu Jintao period, it is judged that the strengthening of centralization in the Xi Jinping era is being implemented not through the neutralization of institutionalized formal construction norms, but through the expansion of control within the norms. In other words, the institutionalized frame itself was not broken in the composition of the provincial sector of the Politburo, and local compliance with the central government centered on the general secretary was increased by exercising the right to control personnel more strongly.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 1992

Locally advanced cervical carcinoma has shown high rate of local failure and poor survival rate despite the advances in modern radiation therapy techniques. Combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy demonstrated benefit in improving local control and possibly the overall survival. Twelve patients with advanced stages (Figo stage III, IV) or 11b with bulky tumors (>5 cm in diameter) were treated with combination of radiation therapy and concurrent weekly cisplatin between May of 1988 and September of 1991 at Inje University Paik Hospital. Cisplatin was administered in bolus injections of 50 mg at weekly intervals during the courses of radiation therapy. Median follow-up period was 34 months with ranges from 3 to 53 months. Eleven patients were evaluable for the estimation of response. Response was noted in all the 11 patients: complete response (CR) in 7 ($64\%$), partial response (PR) in 4 ($36\%$). Of the 7 patients with CR, all maintained local control, whereas only 1 of 4 with PR showed local control. Six of 7 with CR are alive disease free on the completion of follow-up. Eight of 11 patients ($73\%$) maintained local control in the pelvis. The median survival for CR patient is 27 months and 9 months for the PR patients. Analysis of survival by stage shows 11 b 4/5, III 2/3 and IV 1/3. Overall survival rate was $61\%$. Three patients recurred: 1 at local, 1 in distant site and 1 with local and distant site. Toxicity for the combination therapy was not excessive. These results are preliminary, but definitely encouraging in view of markedly improved response rate compared with the results of historical control group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.180-188
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect that the social support for social welfare workers who are the key personnel providing the service to children directly at local child care center would have on job satisfaction. For this study, the social welfare workers of local child care center in Jeollanam-do were surveyed. A total of 240 questionnaires which had been collected were used for analysis. This study analyzed the effect of social support on job satisfaction by defining the demographic characteristics of social welfare workers as the control variables. The results of the analysis showed that the social support had the greatest influence on job satisfaction. Such results suggest that the stronger social support for social welfare workers would increase the job satisfaction of social welfare workers. Based on the results of the analysis, the following recommendations are presented which can help increase social support for social welfare workers: First, it is necessary to standardize the works of social welfare workers at local child care center and provide them with specialized training and education. Second, additional points should be granted to excellent local child care centers. Third, a cooperation system needs to be established which links the networks of colleagues and local societies.