• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2019

Experiments of local cooling and heating on crown and root zone of forcing cultivation of strawberry 'Seolhyang' using heat pump and root pruning before planting were conducted. During the daytime, the crown surface temperature of the crown local cooling treatment was maintained at $18{\sim}22^{\circ}C$. This is suitable for flower differentiation, while those of control and root zone local cooling treatment were above $30^{\circ}C$. Budding rate of first flower clusters and initial yields were in the order of crown local cooling, root zone local cooling and control in root pruning plantlet and non pruning plantlet, except for purchase plantlet. Those of root pruning plantlet were higher than those of non pruning plantlet. These trends were evident in the yield of the first flower cluster until February 14, 2018, and the effect of local cooling and root pruning decreased from March 9, 2018. The budding rates of the second flower cluster according to the local cooling and root pruning treatments were not noticeable compared to first flower cluster but showed the same tendency as that of first flower cluster. In the heating experiment, root zone local heating(root zone $20^{\circ}C$+inside greenhouse $5^{\circ}C$) and crown local heating(crown $20^{\circ}C$+inside greenhouse $5^{\circ}C$) saved 59% and 65% of heating fuel, respectively, compared to control(inside greenhouse $9^{\circ}C$). Considering the electric power consumption according to the heat pump operation, the heating costs were reduced by 55% and 61%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 2007

This study was carried out to identity the major characteristics of inbred lines and to develop early waxy colored hybrid at the Maize Genetics and Breeding Lab. in Chungnam National University. The eight colored waxy maize were planted on April 27, 2007 under Randomized Completely Block (RCB) Design with three replications. Stem height of IK1/H26-2 and Heunchal lines in this experiment were high as 196cm and 186cm compared to control as 156cm, respectively, while ear height of Local-2 and IK/LE were lower than that of check and ear diameter of IK/H26-1, IK/H26-2 and Local-2 were 10.3mm, 17.7mm and 18mm compared to control (21mm), respectively. Days to tasseling of Local-1, Local-2, and IK/LE lines were earlier than check. As a result of this experiment, the developed inbred lines were regard as useful germplasm for early hybrid development.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 1984

Total 125 patinets with primary and metastatic Ewing's sarcoma were treated in various ways between 1963 to 1977. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the treatment methods. Group 1 was nonprotocol patients with or without chemotherapy. Total 58 patients were entered. Group 1 was divided into 2 subgroups. 33 patients were treated locally without chemotherapy and 25 Patients were treated with local therapy and nonprotocol chemotherapy. Group 2 was treated with local therapy and plus T-2 regimen multiagent chemotherapy. 29 patients were entered. Group 3 was treated with local therapy and T-6 regimen multiagent chemotherapy. 38 patients were entered. Local treatments for primary tumor were surgery and/or radiation therapy. Radiation dose ranged between 2,000 and 8,000 rad. Patients with pulmonary metastases received bilateral pulmonary RT. Local recurrence rate was analyzed according to treatment groups and was $16.8\%$. Local 15 yr survival was $33\%$ and 8 yr survival of T-6 group was $64.9\%$. An analysis of time were pattern of recurrence of each group, and the correlation of with radiation dose with local recurrence done. This study concluded that intensive multiagent chemotherapy RT and/or surgery (T-6 regimen) reduced distant metastases, and produced significant increase in local control and survival.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.37-53
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• 2014

Audits by local governments help to improve local governments's internal control, diagnose their policies, increase their administrative performance and prevent any Policy errors. But the specialty level of the self-authority audit & inspection is low level. It comes from frequent job rotations which results in disposition of unskilled employees instead of ones having majoring knowledge and practical experience. In order to overcome the aforementioned problems and strengthen the function of the self-audit in local governments, we suggested a new system as a solution by considering various audit environments. This study is to find the problems of local Audit and suggest the new system of self audit evaluation system. Electronic self-authority and inspection system is strengthen the self-authority audit & inspection and ultimately will be making strength the effectiveness of local government performance.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma hand massage on anxiety and immune function in patients who had gynecology surgery under local anesthesia. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group with pre-and posttest design. Data were collected from June 5 to October 6, 2010. Participants included 20 patients in the aroma hand massage group, 20 patients in a hand massage group, and 20 in a control group. As an experimental treatment, hand massage was carried out following the hand massage protocol. Measures consisted of the State Trait Anxiety, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for anxiety, vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate), and salivary cortisol for anxiety, and immunoglobulin A for immune function. Results: Aroma hand massage and hand massage group showed lower levels in NRS for anxiety, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate (p<.001) compared to controls. No group differences were found for state anxiety, salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A. Conclusion: The results indicate that aroma hand massage and hand massage are effective in reducing anxiety and can be complementary alternative interventions for women having gynecology surgery under local anesthesia.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.773-777
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• 2016

In this paper, a novel multi-object tracking method to track an unknown number of objects is proposed. To handle multiple object states and uncertain observations efficiently, a probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is adopted and modified. The PHD filter is capable of reducing false positives, managing object appearances and disappearances, and estimating the multiple object trajectories in a unified framework. Although the PHD filter is robust in cluttered environments, it is vulnerable to false negatives. For this reason, we propose to exploit local observations in an RFS of the observation model. Each local observation is generated by using an online trained object detector. The main purpose of the local observation is to deal with false negatives in the PHD filtering procedure. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method robustly tracked multiple objects under practical situations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.11
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• pp.151-162
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• 1994

A new neural network structure called Self-organized Distributed Networks (SODN) is proposed for developing the neural network-based multidimensional system models. The learning with the proposed networks is fast and precise. Such properties are caused from the local learning mechanism. The structure of the networks is combination of dual networks such as self-organized networks and multilayered local networks. Each local networks learns only data in a sub-region. Large number of memory requirements and low generalization capability for the untrained region, which are drawbacks of conventional local network learning, are overcomed in the proposed networks. The simulation results of the proposed networks show better performance than the standard multilayer neural networks and the Radial Basis function(RBF) networks.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.295-300
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• 1988

Chordoma is a malignant tumor arising from the primitive notochord involving the axial skeleton. It usually occurs at sacrococcygeal and besisphenoidal area but only rarely does at other vertebral areas, especially at the thoracic vertebrae. It has a slow growth rate and is locally aggressive with an extremely high rate of local recurrence. Either surgery or radiation alone often fails to cure the disease and the local failure is the main cause of treatment failure and death. Overall 5 year survival rate is less than $10\%$. Useful palliation or occasional cure can be obtained by the combination of surgery and radiotherapy. After incomplete resection, the tumor requires radiation dose of 7,000 cGy or more over 6-7 weeks for local control. Tumor regression is slow in response to irradiation and continuation of the regression for several months after completion of RT is not unusual. We report a case of chordoma of the thoracic vertebra, the site of extreme rarity, which showed good local control after partial resection and radiation therapy. He is well and alive without any evidence of recurrence after 13 months of treatment with near complete tumor regression.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1175-1180
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• 2014

This paper proposes a new technique that produces improved local information using a low-cost GPS/INS system combined with Extended Kalman Filter and Path Planning when a Quad-rotor flies. In the research, a low-cost GPS is combined with INS by Extended Kalman Filter to improve local information. However, this system has disadvantages in that estimation accuracy is getting worsens when the Quad-rotor flies through the air in a curve and precision of location information is influenced by performance of the used GPS. An algorithm based on Path Planning is adopted to deal with these weaknesses. When the Quad-rotor flies outdoors, a short moving path can be predicted because all short moving paths of quad-rotor can be assumed to be straight. Path planning is used to make the short moving path and determine the closest local information of data of the GPS/INS system to location determined by path planning. Through the foregoing process, improved local data is obtained when the quad-rotor flies, and the performance of the proposed system is verified from various outdoor experiments.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.693-699
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• 2006

An accurate and compact map is essential to an autonomous mobile robot system. For navigation, it is efficient to use an occupancy grid map because the environment is represented by probability distribution. But it is difficult to apply it to the large environment since it needs a large amount of memory proportional to the environment size. As an alternative, a topological map can be used to represent it in terms of the discrete nodes with edges connecting them. It is usually constructed by the Voronoi-like graphs, but in this paper the topological map is incrementally built based on the local grid map using the thinning algorithm. This algorithm can extract only meaningful topological information by using the C-obstacle concept in real-time and is robust to the environment change, because its underlying local grid map is constructed based on the Bayesian update formula. In this paper, the position probability is defined to evaluate the quantitative reliability of the end nodes of this thinning-based topological map (TTM). The global TTM can be constructed by merging each local TTM by matching the reliable end nodes determined by the position probability. It is shown that the proposed TTM can represent the environment accurately in real-time and it is readily extended to the global TTM.