• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2000

The general concept of reinforced roadbed in the high-speed railway is to cope with the soft ground for the bearing capacity and settlement of foundation soil. The cyclic plate load tests were performed to determine the behavior of reinforced ground with multiple layers of geogrid underlying by soft soil. With the test results, the bearing capacity ratio, elastic rebound ratio, subgrade modulus and the strain of geogrids under loading were investigated. Based on these plate load tests, laboratory model tests under cyclic loading were conducted to estimate the effect of geogrid reinforcement in particular for the high-speed rail roadbed. The permanent settlement and the behavior of earth pressure in reinforced roadbed subjected to a combination of static and dynamic loading are presented.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2018

The nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (SMA), referred to as Nitinol, exhibits a superelastic effect that can be restored to its original shape even if a significant amount of deformation is applied at room temperature, without any additional heat treatment after removal of the load. Owing to these unique material characteristics, it has widely used as displacement control devices for seismic retrofitting in civil engineering fields as well as medical, electrical, electronic and mechanical fields. Contrary to ordinarty carbon steel, superelastic SMAs are very resistant to fatigue, and have force-displacement properties depending on loading speed. The change for the mechanical properties of superelastic SMAs are experimentally inviestigated in this study when loading cycle numbers and loading speeds are different. In addition, the standardized force-displacement properties of such superelastic SMAs are proposed with an aim to efficiently design the seismic retrofitting devices made of these materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2005

This study look into the mechanisms of growth and magnification in the cracks and delamination on the beams repaired with CFS. The experimental parameters was a loading type, loading speed and pre-crack. In the experiments, it was confirmed that the failure of beams began with development and propagation of the delamination in the below the loading point due to magnification of cracks, but it was not concerned with loading type, loading speed and pre-cracks. Particularly, in the case of beams having the pre-cracks, growth of crack concentrated at the special crack below the loading point and led to failure of the beam by delamination due to magnification of crack.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.1029-1034
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• 2002

Object of this paper are numerical and experimental evaluation of Korean Standard Train Loading(L-loading scheme) with respect to UIC's and real train loading, quantitative formulation of the real train types in South Korea. These objects are require to changing environment of train operation, for example, high density traffic and gradual train speed increase. For the reasonable repair, reinforcement and rehabilitation of existing railway infrastructures, statistical analysis of the loading effect during the long term experiment in conventional lines have to conduct. Statistical quantitative formulation of the loading case need to consistency numerical evaluation of the railway safety. Hereafter, those results will be core technical data for the economy enhancement of international line construction. Further, these results are using to make track maintenance criterions for transcontinental, speed up railway and revision of standard train leading diagram.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2004

The performance evaluation and deflection of 3 spans concrete simplicity slab bridge analyzed by non-destructive and loading test. Compressive strength of slab and pier appeared in the range of each 353∼366 kgf/$cm^2$ and 152∼215 kgf/$cm^2$ in rebound number test. Also, it appeared that concrete quality of slab was good after performance improvement. The average compressive strength of slab by core picking appeared 229 kg/$cm^2$. In reinforcing bar arrangement test of span and member, it appeared that horizontal and vertical reinforcing bar was arranged to fixed interval. The value of calculation deflection that carried structural analysis with deflection analysis wave in static loading test appeared higher than that of experimental deflection and it appeared that hardness of this bridge was good. Maximum impact factor that estimated from deflection by running speed in dynamic loading test appeared by 0.216 in 10 km/hr running speed.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.365-372
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• 2001

This paper has been presented the hydrodynamic effect by the journal speed, eccentricity and source positions in order to overcome the defects of air bearing such as low stiffness and damping coefficient. Choosing the two row source position of air bearing is different from existed investigations in the side of pressure distribution of air film because of the high speed of journal and the wedge effects by the eccentricity. These optimal chooses of the two row source positions enable us to improve the performance of the film reaction force and loading force as making the high speed spindle. In this paper, The pressure behavior in theory of air film according to the eccentricity of journal and the source positions analyzed. The results of investigated characteristics may be applied to precision devices like ultra-precision grinding machine and ultra high speed milling.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.850-856
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• 1998

The dynaamic fatigue behavior of alumina ceramics was observed at room temperature using four-point bending method. Dynamic fatigue fracture strength was observed as function of down speed and notch length. The crack growth exponent of the specimens was calculated from the fracture strength and lifetime in dynamic fatigue test. After loading the stresses in the range of 0% to 105% compared with the average in-ert strength the value of residual fracture strength was measured for unnotched and 0.5mm notched speci-mens at the 0.001 and 0.0005 mm/min down speed respectively. After the 95% stress of the average inert strength was applied repeatedly the value of rsidual fracture strength was measured for 0.5mm notched specimens at the 0.001 and 0.0005 mm/min down speed respectively. The material constant A was found to be almost the same and not to depend on the loading mode or the down speed for unnotched and notched specimen. The value of fracture strength with time calculated from the constants n and A was in good agreement with the measured value.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2000

Limbs and supporting structures of an organism experience a full weight of its own when it lands from water, because neutral buoyancy in the aquatic habitat will be no longer available in the terrestrial world. Metamorphosis of anuran amphibians presents 8 good research model to examine how this transition from non-loading to weight-loading affects development of motor capacity at the time of their first emergence on land. Our video analysis of the transitional anurans, Rana catesbeiana, at Gosner stage 46 (the stage of complete transformation) demonstrated that the take-off speed increased 1.23-fold after the first six hours of weight-loading on the wet ground. It did not increase further during the following three days of loading, and was close to the level of mature frogs with different body mass. During development of larvae in deep water with no chance of landing through metamorphosis, both tension and power of a hindlimb anti-gravity muscle increased 5-fold between stages 37 and n. However, the muscle contractility increased more rapidly when the larvas could access the wet ground by their natural landing behavior after stages 41-42. Muscle power, one of major factors affecting locomotory speed, was 1.29-fold greater in the loaded than in the non-loaded larvae at the transitional stage. Thus, weight-loading had a potentially significant effect on the elevation of motor capacity, with a similar extent of increment in locomotory speed and muscle power during the last stages of metamorphosis. Such a motor adjustment of the froglets in a relatively short transitional period would be important for effective ecological interactions and survival in their inexperienced terrestrial life.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2014

In this study, the full scale model tests were performed with track-roadbed system such as Ho-nam high speed railway. The measured data gives good similar a roadbed pressure with equivalent depth to the Odemark's theory. In the case of earth pressures have a under 50 kPa at upper-subgrade applying 330 kN static loading. Results of cyclic loading tests did not differ significantly from those of static loading test. The elastic displacement at HSB layer has a level of 1/100 compared to the 1 mm that it was evaluation criteria for speed up of High Speed Railway. Elastic displacement at subgrade layer was measured a level of 1/175. The dynamic characteristics of track-roadbed with loading frequency level were linearly increased under 35 Hz, while the wheel loading, displacement and acceleration of roadbed were decreased loading frequency above 35 Hz.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.335-341
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• 1998

In this study, the dynamic characteritics in various loading methods for wear tester were investigated experimentally. As for the dead-weight, the pneumatic, and the hydraulic method, the load control performance against external disturbances was estimated under the several loading conditions like the different sliding speed, the varied normal load, and the misaligument. The hydraulic loading method showed the most stable loading performance of all the loading methods in the experiment.