• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2018

A series of pullout tests were carried out on waste tire treadmats of various weave arrangements, with confining stresses ranging from 9 to 59 kPa approximately, in order to investigate the pullout behavior and to apply the results to the design of treadmat reinforced soil structures. A treadmat reinforcement can be considered as belonging to the extensible type thus progressive failure would develop in every tread. The pullout capacity of a treadmat was found to be generally equal to the sum of capacities of the longitudinal treads, with minor enhancement realized due to the presence of transverse treads. Pullout failures occurred in treadmats under light surcharge and with treadmats with higher material presence per unit area, while breakage failures occurred in treadmats under heavier surcharge and with treadmats with higher ratio of opening. The pullout capacity of a treadmat increased with increasing surcharge height and treadmat stiffness. A pullout test on a commercially available geogrid was also carried out for comparison and the pullout capacity of a treadmat was found higher than that of the comparable geogrid under identical loading conditions, indicating the merit of using the treadmat as an alternative to the chosen geogrid.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.587-602
• /
• 2020

In recent years, the composite columns have been widely used in the structures. These columns are mainly used to construct the structures with a large span and high floor height. Concrete filled tubes (CFTs) are a type of composite column, which are popular nowadays due to their numerous benefits. The purpose of this study is to investigate such frames at elevated temperatures. The method used in this research is based on section 2.2 of Eurocode 4. First, for the verification purpose, a comparison was made between the experimental results and the numerical model of the concrete filled tube. Then a composite frame was analyzed under fire temperature with different parameters. The results showed that the failure time decreased with increasing the friction of different models. Moreover, investigation of the concrete moisture content revealed that an increase in the concrete moisture content from 3% to 10% led to extended failure time for different models. For instance, in the second frame model, the failure time has increased up to 8%.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권5호통권66호
• /
• pp.571-578
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 중심가새골조 가운데 가정 널리 사용되는 역V형 철골 가새골조의 내진거동을 탄소성 후좌굴해석에 의해 고찰하고, 압축가새의 좌굴이 최초로 발생한 층에 소성화가 집중되는 약층화 현상을 완화할 수 있는 효과적 내진보강 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 즉 좌굴이 발생한 층에 집중되는 비탄성변형을 건물전체로 재분재하는 기능을 갖는 인장재(tie bar)를 삽입하여 내진성능을 효과적으로 개선할 수 있음을 입증하였다. 아울러 압축가새의 좌굴발생 순서를 감안하여 보강 인장재를 경제적으로 설계할 수 있는 실용적 설계방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2005

The nanoindenter and AFM have been used for nanofabrication, such as nanolithography, nanowriting, and nanopatterning, as well as measurement of mechanical properties and surface topology. Nanoscale indents can be used as cells for molecular electronics and drug delivery, slots for integration into nanodevices, and defects for tailoring the structure and properties. Therefore, it is very important to make indents of desired morphology (shape, size and depth). Indents of different shapes can be obtained by using indenters of different geometries such as a cube comer and conical and spherical tips. The depth and size of indents can be controlled by making indentations at different indentation loads. However, in case of viscoplastic viscoelastic materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) the time dependent deformation (TDD) should also be considered. In this study, the effect of process parameters such as loading rate and hold-time at peak load on the indent morphology (maximum penetration depth, elastic recovery, transient creep recovery, residual depth pile-up height) of PMMA were studied for hyperfine pattern fabrication.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.332-339
• /
• 2006

A leaf spring suspension has been widely used since it can carry big load and simplicity. But one major drawback is the poor ride performance because of the friction in the system and the high stiffness coefficient. To overcome these, air spring suspension can be used. The air spring suspension system can improve the ride of the heavy vehicle significantly and also it can adjust the height to the loading and unloading. A truck with the leaf suspension system is modified with the air suspension system and the performance of the vehicle is compared using the suggested method. The existing leaf suspension can be replaced with the air suspension system to improve the performance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.256-265
• /
• 1997

The objectives of this study were to examine the ability to predict soluble solid and firmness in intact apples based on the visible/near-infrared spectroscopic technique. Two cultivars of apples, Delicious and Gala, were handled, tested and analyzed separately. Reflectance spectra, Magness-Tayor (MT) firmness, and soluble solids in apples were measured sequentially. Maximum and minimum diameters, height, and weight of apples were recorded before the MT firmness tests. A spectrophotometer was used to collect reflectance spectra of intact apples over a wavelength range of 400 to 2, 498 nm. The W firmness tests were conducted using a standard 11.1mm (7/16 in.) MT probe mounted in an Instron universal testing machine. A digital refractormeter was used to measure soluble solid contents in the apples. Apple samples were divided into a calibration set and a prediction set. The calibration set was used during model development, and the prediction set was used to predict soluble solids and firmness from unknown spectra. The method of partial least square (PLS) analysis was used. An unique set of PLS loading vectors (factors) was developed for soluble solid content and firmness. The PLS model showed good correlations between predicted and measured soluble solids of intact apples in 860～1078 nm of the wavelengths. However, the PLS analysis was not good enough to predict the apple firmness.

• 기술발표회
• /
• 통권2006호
• /
• pp.162-171
• /
• 2006

Segmental Grid Retaining Wall is one of the segmental grid retaining walls using headers and stretchers to establish the framework of the wall In this method, grids formed by the intersection of headers and stretchers are generally filled with the gravel to maintain the weight of the wall Therefore, the construction can be carried out with higher speed and much economically when compared with the concrete retaining wall Furthermore, it has high drain capacity, and environmentally friendly aspects also have been pointed out because the possibility of the planting at the front of the wall However, in the segmental grid retaining wall method, the relative movement between the individual headers and stretchers was generally recognized, and stress redistribution in the gravel filling was also observed when subjected to the external loading and self-weight of filling Therefore, it has been thought that the distribution of the earth pressure in the segmental grid retaining wall system differ from that of the concrete retaining wall In this study, the surcharge tests using the scaled model segmental grid retaining wall was carried out to observe the distribution of the earth pressure in the segmental grid retaining wall The earth pressure was measured in the six specified height of wall, and the distribution of the pressure was analyzed. Furthermore, the earth pressure by computation or by the test using the concrete retaining wall was also considered to make comparison

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제60권2호
• /
• pp.193-209
• /
• 2016

In this study, wave force tests were carried out for the four types of offshore support structures with scale factor 1:25 and wave forces to the support structure shapes were investigated. As the results of this study, it was found that, as the wave period increased at the normal wave condition, wave force decreased for the most cases. Extreme wave force was affected by the impact wave force. Impact wave force of this study significantly effect on Monopile and slightly on GBS and Hybrid type. Accordingly, Hybrid type indicated even lower wave force at the extreme and irregular wave conditions than the Monopile although Hybrid type indicated higher wave force at the normal wave condition of the regular wave because of the larger wave area of wave body. In respects of the structural design, since critical loading is extreme wave force, it should be contributed to improve structural safety of offshore support structure. However, since the impact wave force has nonlinearity and complication dependent on the support structure shape, wave height, wave period, and etc., more research is needed to access the impact wave force for other support structure shapes and wave conditions.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2010

Scaffolding system in the membrane LNG carrier is a steel structure composed of various pipe-shaped members connected by specific coupling devices. In this study, the automatic design program for scaffolding system in membrane LNG carrier has been developed. It enables user to arrange members easily considering design constraints and input variables such as size of tank, position of legs, level height and so on. In addition to that, it creates finite element analysis model with loading and boundary conditions automatically and carries out structural analysis. With post processor based a state-of-the-art computer graphics, users can easily check the results of structural analysis and make a report for structural safety of scaffolding system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.43-61
• /
• 2006

An investigation of the effectiveness of the interface treatment when column concrete jacketing is performed is presented. Alternative methods of interface connection were used in order to investigate the performance of strengthened concrete columns. These connecting techniques involved roughening the surface of the original column, embedding steel dowels into the original column and a combination of these two techniques. The experimental program included three strengthened specimens, one original specimen (unstrengthened) and one as-built specimen (monolithic). The specimens represented half height full-scale old Greek Code (1950's) designed ground floor columns of a typical concrete frame building. The jackets of the strengthened specimens were constructed with shotcrete. All specimens were subjected to displacement controlled earthquake simulation loading. The seismic performance of the strengthened specimens is compared to both the original and the monolithic specimens. The comparison was performed in terms of strength, stiffness and hysteretic response. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the strengthening methods and indicate that the proper construction of a jacket can improve the behaviour of the specimens up to a level comparable to monolithic behaviour. It was found that different methods of interface treatment could influence the failure mechanism and the crack patterns of the specimens. It was also found that the specimen that combined roughening with dowel placement performed the best and all strengthened columns were better at dissipating energy than the monolithic specimen.