• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.435-440
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• 2004

The nonlinear impacts between the Control Element Drive Mechanisms (CEDMs) seismic cap plates installed on the CEDM top of a pressurized water reactor are studied with the dynamically reduced models of the CEDM and Integrated Head Assembly (IHA). It is important to develope nonlinear models considering the gap effects between the plates. In order to simulate impacts, reduced models for the primary structures, such as CEDM and IHA, are developed through simplifying detailed models, and the nonlinear structural analysis is performed under seismic loading conditions. The responses are examined in various gap sizes depending on the reactor operating conditions.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2020

In a previous study, an investigation of occupant behaviors and injuries (to the head and chest) was performed during vehicle impact loading cases in order to ensure the safety of wheelchair passengers on a bus. The computational results showed overall safety tolerances of wheelchair occupants under different accident configurations. The bus crashworthiness is described as the capability of a bus to protect occupants during rollover loadings. The residual space containing occupants should be undamaged without any intrusions. However it is necessary to evaluate the residual space according to the bus occupant kinematic analysis under the rollover crash simulation. This study focuses on the evaluation of occupant behaviors during rollover loading cases in order to ensure the safety of bus passengers sitting in general seats and wheelchairs and evaluates the residual space of the bus by analyzing the bus occupant kinematics.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2003

At orthodontic treatment, we have made every effort to get rigid anchorage which is not stirred when teeth move. As a result, the miniscrew that is rigid anchorage was invented recently, and now it is used widely. Concerning the advantage of miniscrew, it is reduced dependence of extraoral anchorage and it shortens treatment time for rapid tooth movement. In contrast, the defect of miniscrew is falling off it resulted from increasing of the mobility. So the purpose of this research is to be of help to prognose clinical use of miniscrew, which is inserted for intraoral anchorage, by investigating and comparing the failure rate of miniscrew for loading time. This study researches the failure rate of miniscrew for teeth movement at the orthodontic treatment. The failure rate of miniscrew in mid course, after inserting 147 miniscrews in 51 patients, is 13%(20/147). It showed no statistically significant differences as compared man with woman, maxilla with mandible, double-head with uni-head miniscrew, and drilling and non-drilling before inserting the miniscrew. In comparison below twenties with over twenties and the times that we give load to miniscrew, it produced that the failure rate of miniscrew is 9.7% higher in the case of below the twenties than over the twenties. Also, the failure rate of loading immediately is 10.8% higher than loading after 7 days. According to using driver for the insertion of miniscrew, the failure rate of miniscrew is higher in the case of using machined driver than in the case of using hand driver when the level of significance is 95%. According to the research, we can suppose that the failure rate has no concern with using miniscrew on man or woman, maxilla or mandible, the shape of head, and drilling or non-drilling before insertion of miniscrew. Therefore, we can choose eclectic miniscrew as demands. In addition, we must notify the patient, below twenties, to be possibility of high failure rate. And It is strongly recommended to give load after $1{\sim}2$ weeks for healing of the insertion area.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.637-642
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• 2011

Rails are subjected to damage from rolling contact fatigue, which leads to defects such as cracks. Rolling contact fatigue damages on the surface of rail such as head check, squats are one of growing problems. Another form of rail surface damage, known as "Ballast imprint" has become apparent. This form of damage is associated with ballast particles becoming trapped between the wheel and the surface of rail. These defects are still one of the key reasons for rail maintenance and replacement. In this study, we have investigated whether the ballast imprint is an initiator of head check type cracks and effect of defect size using Finite element analysis. The FE analysis were used to investigate stresses and strains in subsurface of defects according to variation of defect size. Based on loading cycles obtained from FE analysis, fatigue analysis for each point was carried out.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1607-1614
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• 2011

As the connection between spread footing and pile is very important structural connection, it acts as the inter-loading medium to transfer the rail loads applied by superstructure to ground through the body pile of foundation. The experimental study is the method how to reinforce the pile cap between steel pile and footing utilizing perfobond plate with protruding keys. It were experimented on the compression punching tests and bending moment tests against the vertical loading and horizontal loadings acting on head of steel tube pipe. As a result, the tension capacity of the perfobond plate exhibited the superior performance due to the interlocking or dowel effects by the sheared keys of perfobond plate, and there were showing the sufficient strength and ductile capacity against the bending moment of horizontal loading tests. Therefore, it is judged that "the embedded method of perfobond plate in pile cap and footing" which is utilizing the shear connection of perfobond plate with protruding keys has a sufficient structural stability enough to be replaced with the current specification of reinforced method of pile cap with vertically deformed rebar against the vertical compression loads and bending moments that are able to occur in the combination structure of steel pile and the footing foundation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.201-214
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• 2001

Four finite element (FE) models are examined to find the one that best estimates moment-rotation characteristics of top- and seat-angle with double web-angle connections. To efficiently simulate the real behavior of connections, finite element analyses are performed with following considerations: 1) all components of connection (beam, column, angles and bolts) are discretized by eight-node solid elements; 2) shapes of bolt shank, head, and nut are precisely taken into account in modeling; and 3) contact surface algorithm is applied as boundary condition. To improve accuracy in predicting moment-rotation behavior of a connection, bolt pretension is introduced before the corresponding connection moment being surcharged. The experimental results are used to investigate the applicability of FE method and to check the performance of three-parameter power model by making comparison among their moment-rotation behaviors and by assessment of deformation and stress distribution patterns at the final stage of loading. This research exposes two important features: (1) the FE method has tremendous potential for connection modeling for both monotonic and cyclic loading; and (2) the power model is able to predict moment-rotation characteristics of semi-rigid connections with acceptable accuracy.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.353-357
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• 1998

Cracking problem of Epoxy Molding Compound(EMC) is critical for the reliability of the plastic package during temperature cycling and IR-reflow condition. Fracture toughness of EMC, which is defined as the resistance of EMC to the crack propagation, is a useful factor in ht estimation of EMC against package crack. Thus, development of EMC having high fracture toughness at a given loading condition would be important for confirming the integrity of package. In this study, toughness of several EMC was measured by varying the test conditions such as temperature, loading speeds, and weight percent of filler in order to quantify the variation of toughness of EMC under various applicable conditions. It was found from the experiments that toughness of all EMC has following trends, i.e., it rapidly decreases over the glass transition temperature, remains almost same or little decreases below $0^{\circ}C$. It decreases with the growth of cross head speed in EMC and the weight percent of filler as the degree of brittleness of EMC increases with the amount of filler content.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.769-778
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• 2019

The specially prefabricated steel moment connections with pyramid head is one of the significant innovations in the steel structures forms to improve the installation time and simplify the construction procedure. The beams in this structure form are supported by two top and bottom angles and web double angles. Such a configuration despite its advantages increases the welding operation and filed installation time and costs. In this paper, the effect of using beams with channel and I section in three classes of seismically compact, seismically non-compact, and slender section according to width-to-thickness ratio on the behavior of the connection was investigated under monotonic and cyclic loading. Modeling was performed by ABAQUS and verified by the results of an experimental specimen. The findings indicated that using I and channel section instead of angle section reduces the amount of welding materials as well as easing the installation procedure. However, it has no significant effect on the ultimate strength and ductility of the connection. Furthermore, if the beam section is seismically compact, this form is considered as a special moment frame that has a rotation capacity up to 0.04 radians without any reduction in connection moment resistance.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2001년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2001
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• pp.107-114
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• 2001

When group pile supporting structures are to be subjected to large lateral loads, generally, hatter piles are used in group pile with vertical piles. It is well known that batter piles resist lateral static loads which are acted upon the piles as axial farces quite well but, they show a poor performance under seismic loads. However, it is not yet known how the batter piles behave under dynamic loading and how to strengthen the batter piles to improve the seismic performance. Shaking table tests were performed to investigate the seismic behavior of the batter pile and to bring up the countermeasures to improve the seismic performance. As the result of the shaking table tests, batter piles failed due to not only the excessive increase of compressive force near the pile head but also that of tensile force. In case that the pile head was connected with pile cap by rubber joint, the max. acceleration at the pile cap was reduced due to the high damping ratio of rubber and the max. moment and max. axial farce at the pile head was decreased remarkably. When the inclinations(V:H) of the batter pile were 8:3 and 8:4, max. moment, max. shear force, and max. axial farce were reduced notably and max. acceleration and max. displacement at the pile cap was diminished, too.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2023

최근 말뚝기초의 수평저항력에 대한 연구들이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 말뚝기초의 수평저항력에 대한 실험연구들의 경우 변위제어법 또는 하중제어법을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 변위제어법의 경우 말뚝에 가해지는 하중의 속도에 따라 말뚝의 수평저항력이 달라진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 모형실험을 통해 수평재하속도에 따른 말뚝기초의 수평저항력 변화를 파악하고자 한다. 실험결과 말뚝두부에 가해지낸 수평재하속도가 빠를수록 말뚝의 수평저항력이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이를 확인하기 위해 재하속도에 따른 지반과 말뚝의 측면변경 모형실험을 추가적으로 진행하였으며, 그 결과 재하속도가 빠를수록 말뚝의 회전절점의 깊이가 감소하였다. 역해석을 통해 수평재하 속도에 따른 회전절점의 깊이 변화를 파악하였다. 수평재하속도에 따른 말뚝기초의 수평저항력과 회전절점의 깊이 변화를 통해, 말뚝의 수평재하시험시 재하속도는 1.5mm/min 이내로 시험하는 것을 제안하였다.