• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.859-869
• /
• 2009

물성치와 하중-변위곡선을 일대일 대응 시킬 수 있는 함수를 생성함으로써, 미지 재료에 대한 압입시험 데이터로부터 바로 재료물성을 찾는 압입물성평가 기법을 제시했다. 원뿔형 압입 유한요소해석으로 압입자 중심각이 압입 하중-변위 곡선에 주는 영향을 살펴 보았다. 이로부터 한 압입자 중심각에 대해 같은 Kick's law 계수 C를 갖는 두 재료들이 압입자 중심각이 변하면 서로 다른 C 값들을 가짐을 확인했다. 이어 영률, 항복강도, 변형경화지수와 하중-변위곡선 사이의 상관관계들을 분석하고, 항복변형률이 변형경화 지수와 더불어 중요한 변수임을 확인했다. 이 두 특성들을 바탕으로 이중원뿔형 압입 물성평가 수식들을 작성했다. 1회 압입 후 재료의 영률을 평가하고, 두 압입자를 이용해 얻은 하중-변위 곡선들로부터 곡률계수들을 구해 항복변형률과 변형경화 지수를 구했다. 제시된 물성평가법은 압입 하중-변위곡선들로부터, 압입자 물성과 선단반경에 상관없이, 평균오차 2% 내에서 재료 물성값들을 준다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.581-588
• /
• 2014

최근에 널리 사용되고 있는 PSC 교량은 콘크리트의 처짐과 균열 등의 취약점을 긴장재와 강봉을 사용하여 보완하고 성능을 향상시킨 구조물이다. 따라서 PSC 교량에서 긴장재에 작용하는 하중을 적절하게 산정하는 것은 구조물의 안전하고 효율적인 유지, 보수를 위하여 중요하다. 이 논문은 텐던에 작용하는 하중과 앵커헤드 변형과의 관계를 확인하기 위하여 멀티 텐던 앵커헤드의 변형률에 대한 수치해석을 수행하고 분석한 것이다. 정확한 해석을 위하여 재료의 물성, 접촉 문제의 비선형성 등을 모두 고려하였으며 해석은 범용 유한요소 프로그램인 Abaqus를 사용하여 수행되었다. 수치해석 결과로부터 텐던에 작용하는 하중을 추정하는 데에는 hoop 방향 변형률이 가장 유용하며, 마찰 계수, 경계조건, 그리고 배치 등에 따라 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.241-250
• /
• 2007

폭발하중을 받는 콘크리트 구조물을 섬유 복합재 등의 보강 재료를 사용하여 보강하는 경우에는 강성 증가와 함께 적절한 연성을 확보할 수 있어야 한다. 그러나, 폭발하중을 받는 구조물의 설계 및 해석에 일반적으로 사용되는 기존의 근사적이며 단순화 모델은 보강 재료에 대한 효과를 정확히 반영할 수 없을 뿐 아니라 해석 결과의 정확성 및 신뢰성에 문제가 제기되어왔다. 또한, 동적 하중에 대한 콘크리트와 철근의 응답은 정적 하중에 대한 응답과 상이하기 때문에 기존의 정적, 준정적하에서 정의된 재료물성값들을 폭발하중에 대한 응답 계산에 사용하는 것은 부적절하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 명시적(explicit) 해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA를 사용하여 매우 빠른 재하속도를 갖는 폭발하중에 대하여 강도 증진 및 변형률 속도 효과가 반영된 재료 모델을 포함하고 있는 정밀 HFPB(high fidelity physics based) 유한요소해석 기법을 제시하였다. 제시된 해석적 기법을 통하여 탄소섬유 복합재와 유리섬유 복합재를 사용하여 보강된 콘크리트 벽체의 폭발하중에 대한 거동을 해석하였으며, 이를 보강하지 않은 벽체의 해석 결과와 비교함으로써 보강 성능 분석을 실시하였다. 해석 결과 보강에 따른 최대 처짐이 약 $26{\sim}28%$ 감소하는 보강 성능을 확인하였으며, 제안된 해석 기법이 보강 재료와 보강 기법의 유효성을 평가하는데 효과적으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.557-578
• /
• 1992

Heat treatment which removes internal stress enhances the mechanical properties of the orthodontic arch wire. The main purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of the heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the Elgiloy wire. The Elfiloy wire, 0.016' X 0.022' and 0.018' X 0.025', were heat treated in an electric oven for 5, 10 and 15 minutes at selected temperatures between 300 and $900^{\circ}C$. Tensile strength and load deflection rate were measured to reveal the changes of mechanical property at various conditions, and each specimen was observed under metallurgic microscope. Also to trace the precipitation material due to overheat treatment, a qualitative analysis was carried out with EDS system. It was found that heat treatment at a low temperature caused an increase in the tensile strength and bending resistance, and a maintenance in the fibrous in the tensile strength and bending resistance, and a maintenance in the fibrous structure of both sizes of wire. The changes observed in properties and appearance were probably due to the relief of internal stresses incurred in the metal during cold working. In both sizes of wire the tensile strength and the bending resistance continued to decrease at high temperature, and the fibrous structure continued to disappear then was not observed at $900^{\circ}C$. The carbide precipitation founded in grain boundary at $750^{\circ}C$ probably was other elements carbide (Ni, Co) except Cr. The grain growth was observed at $1100^{\circ}C$. Optimum heat treatment for the 0.016' X 0.022' Elgiloy wire was 10 minutes at $500^{\circ}C$, and for the 0.018' X 0.025' Elgiloy wire it was 5 to 15 minutes at $500^{\circ}C$.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2020

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is recognized as a promising material in future civil engineering projects due to its outstanding mechanical and durability properties. However, the lack of local UHPC materials and official standards, especially for prestressed UHPC structures, has limited the application of UHPC. In this research, a large-scale prestressed bridge girder composed of nonproprietary UHPC is produced and investigated. This work has two objectives to develop the mixing procedure required to create UHPC in large batches and to study the flexural behavior of the prestressed girder. The results demonstrate that a sizeable batch of UHPC can be produced by using a conventional concrete mixing system at any precast factory. In addition, incorporating local aggregates and using conventional mixing systems enables regional widespread use. The flexural behavior of a girder made by this UHPC is investigated including flexural strength, cracking pattern and development, load-deflection curve, and strain and neutral axis behaviors through a comprehensive bending test. The experimental data is similar to the theoretical results from analytical methods based on several standards and recommendations of UHPC design.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.337-359
• /
• 2019

Shape Memory Polymer Composites (SMPC) have gained popularity over the last few decades due to its flexible shape memory behaviour over wide range of strains and temperatures. In this paper, non-linear bending analysis has been carried out for SMPC beam under the application of uniformly distributed transverse load (UDL). Simplified C⁰ continuity Finite Element Method (FEM) based on Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT) has been adopted for flexural analysis of SMPC. The numerical solutions are obtained by iterative Newton Raphson method. Material properties of SMPC with Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) as matrix and carbon fibre as reinforcements, have been calculated by theory of volume averaging. Effect of temperature on SMPC has been evaluated for numerous parameters for instance number of layers, aspect ratio, boundary conditions, volume fraction of carbon fiber and laminate stacking orientation. Moreover, deflection profile over unit length and behavior of stresses across thickness are also presented to elaborate the effect of glass transition temperature (T_g). Present study provides detailed explanation on effect of different parameters on the bending of SMPC beam for large strain over a broad span of temperature from 273-373K, which encompasses glass transition region of SMPC.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1541-1555
• /
• 2015

In this paper mechanical behavior of the functional gradient materials (FGM) micro-gripper under thermal load and DC voltage is numerically investigated taking into account the effect of intermolecular forces. In contrary to the similar previous works, which have been conducted for homogenous material, here, the FGM material has been implemented. It is assumed that the FGM micro-gripper is made of metal and ceramic and that material properties are changed continuously along the beam thickness according to a given function. The nonlinear governing equations of the static and dynamic deflection of microbeams have been derived using the coupled stress theory. The equations have been solved using the Galerkin based step-by-step linearization method (SSLM). The solution procedure has been evaluated against available data of literature showing good agreement. A parametric study has been conducted, focusing on the combined effects of important parameters included DC voltage, temperature variation, geometrical dimensions and ceramic volume concentration on the dynamic response and stability of the FGM micro-gripper.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.501-516
• /
• 2009

This paper aims to study the large deflections of variable-arc-length elastica subjected to the terminal forces (e.g., axial force and torque). Based on Kirchhoff's rod theory and with help of Euler parameters, the set of nonlinear governing differential equations which free from the effect of singularity are established together with boundary conditions. The system of nonlinear differential equations is solved by using the shooting method with high accuracy integrator, seventh-eighth order Runge-Kutta with adaptive step-size scheme. The error norm of end conditions is minimized within the prescribed tolerance ($10^{-5}$). The behavior of VAL elastica is studied by two processes. One is obtained by applying slackening first. After that keeping the slackening as a constant and then the twist angle is varied in subsequent order. The other process is performed by reversing the sequence of loading in the first process. The results are interpreted by observing the load-deflection diagram and the stability properties are predicted via fold rule. From the results, there are many interesting aspects such as snap-through phenomenon, secondary bifurcation point, loop formation, equilibrium configurations and effect of variable-arc-length to behavior of elastica.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2001

Residual stress is a dominant obstacle to efficient production and safe usage of products by reducing the mechanical strength and failure properties. Especially, it causes interfacial failure and substrate deflection in the case of thin film. So, the exact evaluation and optimum control of thin film residual stress is indispensable. However, hole drilling or X-ray diffraction techniques have some limits in application to thin film. And, curvature technique for thin film materials cannot give the information about local stress variation. Therefore, we applied the nanoindentation technique in evaluating the thin film residual stress. In this study, we modeled the change of indentation loading curve for residually stressed and stress-free thin films during stress relaxation. The value of residual stress was directly related to the indentation depth change by relaxation. The residual stress from nanoindentation analysis was consistent with the result from curvature technique.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2017

화재 발생 시 강구조 건축물은 재료의 급격한 강도저하에 따른 처짐과 내력저하로 구조물의 붕괴가 발생될 수 있다. 따라서 구조용 강재의 고온 시 강도저하의 최소화 및 강판 두께 차이에 따른 설계기준강도 차이의 해결과 용접성을 향상하기 위한 필요성이 제기되었으며, 이 결과 TMC 건축용 내화강재가 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 TMC 건축용 내화강재의 고온 시 구조내력을 평가하기 위하여 일정 길이의 보부재를 대상으로 단순지지 및 고정단 보 조건으로 처짐과 최대내력 변화를 해석적으로 도출하였으며, 건축용 내화강재와 그 성능을 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, TMC 건축용 내화강재를 적용한 보부재가 내화강재 적용 보부재보다 고온 시 구조적 성능이 다소 열위임을 확인하였다.