• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.494-499
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• 2004

This paper presents to compute the power economic dispatch, an optimal power flow (OPF) computation algorithm, considering the load power factor limits constraint in developed. Efficient reactive power planning enhances economic operation as well as system security. Accordingly, an adequate level of power factor limits for the load busesshould be evaluated for economic operation. In this paper, the ranges of acceptable load power factors are portrayed as bandwidths of load power factor expressed as a function of load level. The load power factor limits are included and described into the OPF's objective function. The method Proposed is applied to IEEE 26 bus system.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 아스팔트 콘크리트 포장구조체의 제한교통하중 산정과정을 제안하였다. 제한교통하중은 아스팔트 콘크리트 포장구조체의 파괴기준이 되는 노상상단의 연직변형율과 아스팔트 안정처리 기층 최하단에서의 인장변형용을 포장구조체 모델에 따른 바퀴의 영향선을 고려하여 산정한 후 포장 구조체의 변형율과 축하중과의 관계에 설계한계치를 적용하여 산정한다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 고속도로중 경부선, 경인선, 영동선 확장구간 모델의 제한교통하중을 산정하기 위하여 바퀴의 영향선을 고려하여 변형율을 산정하였다. 제한교통하중의 기준은 세계 여러 관계기관에서 제안한 파괴기준식으로부터 설계한계치를 산정하여 이용하였다. 축구성(단축, 탄뎀축, 트라이뎀축)에 따른 제한교통하중을 분석한 결과 제한교통하중은 포장구조체의 두께와 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 탄뎀축과 트라이뎀축의 제한교통하중은 단축의 제한교통하중에 축 수를 곱하여 구한 값과 유사함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제한교통하중을 단축기준의 제한교통하중으로 제안하였다. 단축기준의 제한교통하중은 우리나라 고속도로중 경부선, 경인선, 영동선 확장구간을 대상으로 해석한 결과, 인장변형율에 의한 제한교통하중이 연직변형율에 의한 제한교통하중보다 포장구조체에 미치는 영향이 더 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.98-100
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• 2003

This paper presents the method for computing the power economic dispatch with an optimal power flow (OPF) computation algorithm, considering the power factor limits constraint. Efficient reactive power planning enhances economic operation as well as system security. Accordingly, an adequate level of power factor limits for the load buses should be evaluated for economic operation. The power factor limits are included and described into the OPF's objective function. The proposed method is applied to IEEE 26 buses system.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

In order to operate the power system satisfactory for both system operators and customers, it is important to limit the harmonic currents to the allowable levels which injected into the system from the distorting installations. In this regard, the principles for the allocation of emission limits on individual customer were introduced in the technical report of IEC61000-3-6. According to these general principles, the emission limits are dependent on the agreed power of the customer, the power of the harmonic-generating equipment, and the system characteristics. The considerations in this report are very comprehensive and the process introduced is practical enough to implement as it is. However, there is a fact not appropriately dealing in the report that could be a very tickle but has a huge impact on determining the emission limit. This is the effect of non-harmonic load currents. More precisely, these are from the equipments which do not emit any harmonic or may emit harmonics but this specific order under the consideration by themselves if the source power is sinusoidal. The load currents originated from these equipments have an effect of active filter against the specific order of harmonic therefore, these should be dealt as a significant factoron the process of determining the emission limits for individual customer.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2013

A major difference between high-strength reinforcing steel and conventional steel in concrete is that the service-load steel stress is expected to be greater. Consequently, the service-load steel strains are greater affecting cracking behavior. A parametric study investigating crack widths and patterns in reinforced concrete prisms is presented in order to establish limits to the service-load steel stress and strain. Additionally, based on the results of available flexural tests, crack widths at service load levels were evaluated and found to be within presently accepted limits for highway bridge structures, and were predictable using current AASHTO provisions. A limitation on service-level stresses of $f_s{\leq}414$ MPa (60 ksi) is nonetheless recommended.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.153-156
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• 2006

This paper presents an analytical results on limits of debonding failure for RC beams strengthened with near-surface mounted(NSM) CFRP strips. An analytical model was derived to predict the failure mode and the maximum load. An analytical model has two assumptions. The first is that the debonding failure occurs at the epoxy-concrete interfaces. The second is that the debonding failure occurs at the end of the FRP reinforcement due to concentration of shear stress. Results of the comparison of existing test data and analytical model data have predicted the failure mode and the maximum load well. Also, this paper proposed limits of debonding failure to prevent the debonding using the strengthening area and the groove depth.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.241-246
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• 1984

The power system scheduling process is formulated as an optimization problem with linear inequality constraints. AC Loadflow method is used for the problem solution and line losses are considered. The constraints under consiceration are generator power limits, load schedding limits and line capacity limits. In solving the objective function the Dual Relaxation method is adopted. Tests indicate that the method is practical for real time applications.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Recently, application of non-linear load is gradually increased. Non-linear load produces harmonic components of current during the energy conversion transition. Passive filter is used for reducing of harmonics in the user power systems. This filter, which is composed of capacitor and reactor, frequently get out of order by electrical stress. There are voltage and current increase when capacitor and reactor are applied in the user's filter systems. If increased voltage and current is above stipulated values, they have severely an influences on the life of capacitor and reactor. This paper describes that the voltage and current of capacitor used for filter is within the limits of allowable values, but reactor is beyond the limits and reveals spike voltage. Therefore this phenomenon brings about premature fault of reactor and capacitor.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.245-247
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• 2001

This paper presents a series of simulation results of transient stability on SCOPF operated power system whose transmission capabilities are limited by voltage stability. Three steps of voltage security guidelines, 5[%], 7[%], 10[%] are introduced to increase power transfer from generation centers to load center and observed the effects of voltage guidelines to transient stability for three kinds of load level(peak, medium, off-peak). As a result, dynamic characteristics weren't affected by the voltage security limits in model system, but became worse for the off-peak level than peak case, and sustain oscillations are observed for the all load level. This gives us some intitutions for the development and applications of security limits to use SCOPF program in open electric market.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2012

This paper develops a design methodology of a decentralized fuzzy load-frequency controller for a large-scale nonlinear power system with valve position limits on governors. The concerned system is locally exactly modeled in Takagi-Sugeno's form. Sufficient design condition for uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system is derived based on the overlapping decomposition. Convergence of all incremental frequency deviations to zero is also investigated. A simulation result is provided to visualize the effectiveness of the proposed technique.