• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.242-257
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• 2019

The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) stretches two kilometers north and south from the Military Demarcation Line (MDL) of South and North Korea. This area was established as a weapons-free buffer zone when an armistice agreement was signed in 1953. However, there have been several very high-tension military standoffss over the past 65 years. On the South Korean side, civilian access to the Civilian Control Line (CCL) and beyond to the north has been restricted, and natural heritage has been well maintained. Natural heritage is defined as living things, their habitat and non-living things of the ecosystem which deserve to be protected. Research shows that a variety of flora and fauna, their habitat, marshes and geographical structures are found across the DMZ region. Although the DMZ region has not been such a good place for habitat conservation, we can say that this area may be the best location for restoration in terms of its variety of ecosystems and considerable land size. Restoration of course depends on future plans and management policies. This area, including the DMZ and the well-protected north of the CCL, will be the best habitat for endangered species of wild fauna and flora if we classify the various habitat types and create a habitat map. In doing this project, we need to include the estuary of the Han River and the lagoon (brackish water lake) of the East Sea coast. In addition, we must establish long-term plans for conservation and sustainable use and do international scientific research across the DMZ region in collaboration with scientists of South and North Korea and international experts. Mutual cooperation between the two Koreas for investigation and conservation efforts is paramount.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objectives : The 7-zone-diagnostic system is a device for predetermining bodily locations by measuring the energy of the living body. The purpose of this study is to examine correlations between gastroscopy results and zone-5 data from the 7-zone-diagnostic system. Methods : This study was carried out with data from gastroscopy procedures. It involved 115 patients who had been diagnosed with gastritis, esophagitis, or gastric ulcers. These patients were divided into three groups according to the different patterns of zone-5 factors AA, FL2 and FL1. Group A was made up of patients for whom the red bar graph of zone-5 was higher than the normal range for factor AA. Group B was made up of patients for whom the red bar graph of zone-5 was within the normal range for factor AA. Group C was made up of patients for whom the red bar graph of zone-5 was lower than the normal range for factor AA. Group D E and F were made up of same way as group A B and C for factor FL2. Group G H and I were made up of same way as group A B and C for factor FL1. After the collection of gastroscopy results and data on zone-5 from the 7-zone-diagnostic system, the data was analyzed statistically. Results : 1. Group D had a higher ratio of medication than group E, and this result was statistically significant. 2. Group D G had a higher ratio of medication than group E G and group E H, and this result was statistically significant. 3. Group G had a higher ratio of esophagitis than group H, and this result was statistically significant. 4. A Group B H had a higher ratio of esophagitis than group B G, group C G, and group C H, and this result was statistically significant. 5. The medication group had a high score on the function index than the non-medication group, and this result was statistically significant. Conclusions : This study suggests that there is a slight correlation between gastroscopy results and zone-5 data from the 7-zone-diagnostic system. The research resulted in significant data that are helpful for diagnosing digestive system problems through the use of the 7-zone-diagnostic system.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.961-970
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• 2009

This paper has attempted to improve the quality of urban environment in terms of the management of urban green tract and suggest a way of coexistence between human and nature by proposing a plan to establish green network using an urban green zone based on 'linear concept' instead of point and plane concepts. The results have turned out as follows: 1. According to current status of forest functions, forest recreation area has reached 39.6%, satisfying citizens' needs. However, the space for living environment is just about 20% with a lack of a green zone. Therefore, it's been necessary to establish green network using roadside trees and take advantage of them as sustainable living space along with existing green tract. 2. With forest in the suburbs and Geumhogang which is the tributary to the Nakdonggang, Sincheon (stream) flows through the downtown. It connects mountains including Waryongsan from the south to the north around Duryu Park and Dalseong Park. Therefore, the water system that passes through Palgongsan (Mt.) and Biseulsan (Mt.) would make it possible to connect with the parks in the downtown. 3. According to this paper, it appears that it's necessary to establish green network through roof or wall greening by focusing on the existing green tract in the urban parks and suburbs and taking advantage of roadside trees and water system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3533-3538
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• 2015

Background: Multiple primary malignancies (MPM) have become increasingly prevalent worldwide. This investigation was aimed at establishing the clinicopathological characteristics of MPM patients and evaluating the impact of the living environment on MPM in the Taiwanese population. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2013, a total of 8,268 cancer patients were identified in our institutional center. Of these, 125 were diagnosed as MPM and thus enrolled. Data for clinicopathological features and treatment approaches for these MPM patients living in urban or suburb zone were obtained. Findings for the air pollution status in Taiwan were also collected. Results: The most common cancer match of MPM was esophageal cancer with hypopharyngeal cancer (12.8%), followed by colorectal cancer with gastric cancer (6.4%) and colorectal cancer with breast cancer (5.6%). The air quality was significantly worse in the urban than in the suburban zone and there was a remarkably higher portion of MPM patients in the urban zone suffering from grade III and IV post-chemotherapeutic neutropenia (30.8% vs 15.1%, P=0.036). Conclusions: The tumor frequency and site distribution should be taken into the clinical evaluation because there is a relatively high risk of developing MPM. This study also highlighted the potential influence of environmental factors on post-chemotherapeutic neutropenia for patients with MPM.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.50-62
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• 2000

From the perspective of client-oriented administration, the study introduces the basic structure of Urban Inormation System (UIS) and examines problems and new strategies of UIS in Korean local governments. The study selects five metropolitan cities for a case study. According to this case study, UIS in Korea are focused on AM/FM and internally used only by practitioners. No government surveyed what their citizens want to get from UIS. To solve these problems, the study proposes developing strategies for client-oriented UIS as follows. First, local governments could use policy delphi technique to sum up the citizens' needs on UIS. Second, they need to pay more attention to the diversity and transmutability of administration zone and consider the importance of the connection between administration zone and attribute data collected on them. Third, UIS needs to keep a balance between AM/FM and living GIS. Fourth, internet UIS needs to be constructed which enables citizens' access to UIS more easily. Finally, GIS education and client-oriented administrative education need to be combined to improve government employees' mind for UIS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.91-101
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to identify the living environment in rural fishing area and to suggest checking methods for implementation performance. Rural service standard is the key factor of rural development in Korea. In 2012. The first Implementations of performance was announced. The results were presented to the unit by the City and the County. Because of Fishing villages exists as a unit by the haengjeongri. It is difficult to know the status of the fishing villages by the Rural service standard. In order to look for the actual conditions in rural fishing village it was investigated in the 100 Eochongye. The data used in the analysis is 577 questionnaires. Analysis showed that rural fishing areas were superior to general state of rural in the 8 items of rural service standard. Especially housing, transportation and health care sector in rural fishing area wes better than general state of rural. But Public safety and order is relatively poor. This is because Fishing village contains islands. Presenting to improve rural service standard based on the results of research. The items of rural service standard should be measured the actual residents' accessibility than opportunity of the public service, and after setting the rural service standard clearly related to the quality of life of residents in each sector. Accessibility aspects of the customer for the public services should be considered. Checking the performance for the unit by the City and the County should be replaced as a living zone in order to consider the facilities using nearby.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.159-170
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• 2007

Objectives : The 7-zone-diagnostic system is a diagnostic device to predetermine bodily locations by measuring the energy of a living body. This study was to investigate the relation between the different patterns of Factor AA in a 7-zone-diagnostic system and clinical parameters. The purpose of this study is to relate Korean traditional medicine and western medicine using the data from the 7-zone-diagnostic system and the clinical parameters. Methods : This study was carried out with the data from some clinical parameters. We made two groups according to the Factor AA patterns of VEGA-DFM 722, the 7-zone-diagnostic system The Factor AA patterns of Group A named hyperenergy is all the red bar graphs that arehigher than the normal range. The Factor AA patterns of Group B named hypoenergy is all the red bar graphs that are lower than the normal range. After the data from clinical parameters corresponding with conditions of each group were selected, the data from clinical parameters among each group was analyzed statistically. Results : The values of Weight, GOT, r-GTP, Uric acid and BMI of Group A are higher than those of Group B. The values of Sodium and Phosphorus of Group A are lower than those of Group B. Conclusions : To conclude, it is thought that Group A has a heat-excess type but Group B has colddeficient type.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.178-187
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze governance in the business processes of Jeju's proposed 'Happy Living Area.' This study found Jeju's 'Happy Living Area' plans for governance were realized and conflicts may frequently occur in future business processes. Furthermore, roles and support systems were measured for the development council of 'Happy Living Area.' This paper reports findings from a case study on community planning for a public art project. This study recommends public-private governance in terms of process factors as well as role considerations. With respect to process factors, administrative agencies and citizen participation are examined. Second, the Living Area Council should play a mediating role between central and local governments as well as residents. Third, Happy Living Zones' Advisory Centre should undertake an advisory role. Fourth, consultation between public and private sectors is needed to establish evaluation criteria for reviewing proposals from subordinate administrative agencies. Fifth, local government systems should be managed by autonomous municipalities. Concerning role considerations, a new 'Personality for Governance' position should be established for performing different roles in the project implementation stage.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 1995

To assess the contribution of automobile exhaust to indoor and outdoor levels of $NO_2$ around a major trunk road in Tokyo, $NO_2$ levels of 200 homes were measured at living rooms, kitchens and outdoor at each season, from the summer of 1990 to the spring of 1991, $NO_2$ level was measured for four days using diffusion $NO_2$ dosimeter. Outdoor $NO_2$ levels at each season and indoor $NO_2$ levels at seasons when heaters were not used decreased according to the distance from the roadside. The differences between $NO_2$ levels at zone I(within 20m from the roadside) and zone III(beyond 50m) was about 3 ppb. Automobile exhaust seemed to contribute to this difference. At seasons when heaters were used, indoor $NO_2$ levels of the homes equipped with vented heater, decreased according to the distance from the roadside. However, there was no correlation between indoor levels and the distance from the roadside at homes equipped with unvented heater.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Two Spirostomum species collected from freshwater in Korea were identified as S. caudatum (Muller, 1786) and S. teres (Claparede and Lachmann, 1858). They are recorded for the first time in Korea. The description was based on the observation of living specimens and protargol impregnated specimens. Diagnostics of these species are as follows. Spirostomum caudatum: body size $400-450{\times}20-30\;{\mu}m$ in vivo, shaped long and slender with a tapered posterior part, highly contractile; macronucleus ellipsoid; adoral zone of membranelles occupied 30% of body length; somatic kineties 14-22 in number. Spirostomum teres: body size $240-460{\times}25-40\;{\mu}m$ in vivo, shaped long and slender with a flattened posterior end, highly contractile; cortical granules arranged in 2-3 rows; adoral zone of membranelles occupied 50% of body length; somatic kineties 20-30 in number; macronucleus ellipsoid; micronuclei 2-3 in number. Spirostomum caudatum and S. teres are the most similar congeners, but they are different in the posterior part of body (tail-like posterior part vs. flattened posterior end), length of adoral zone of membranelles in body length (1/3 vs. 1/2), and the number of somatic kineties (14-22 vs. 20-30). These populations match with European populations in morphological characters.