• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.104-110
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• 2019

Since 1986, domestic sewage treatment plants have installed and operated biogas plants that produce biogas (digested gas) using food, livestock manure and sewage sludge as part of the use of alternative energy for energy independence. Despite concerns about safety accidents and risks of large-scale accidents due to the continuous expansion of biogas plants, the Ministry of Environment has managed and supervised biogas plants to be environmental plants, focusing on environmental management. There is a lack of safety awareness of workers' processes. Only recently has the process safety management (PSM) system been implemented in biogas plants, but workers' perceptions of process safety have changed. As there is a difference in the degree of safety process management and safety awareness among workers, it is necessary to establish clear and systematic safety management standards. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to examine whether the application of the plant safety management (PSM) system to biogas plants is effective for workers' safety awareness in order to ensure safe operation of biogas plants and prevent workers' safety accidents in advance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1548-1553
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• 2014

Four Korean native cattle (KNC) breeds-Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu, and Jeju black-are entered in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of these KNC breeds (n = 120) and exotic breeds (Holstein and Charolais, n = 56). Thirty microsatellite loci recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics/FAO were genotyped. These genotypes were used to determine the allele frequencies, allelic richness, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content per locus and breed. Genetic diversity was lower in Heugu and Jeju black breeds. Phylogenetic analysis, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and genetic clustering grouped each breed in its own cluster, which supported the genetic uniqueness of the KNC breeds. These results will be useful for conservation and management of KNC breeds as animal genetic resources.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.285-288
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• 2012

Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- was a monophasic variant of Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium and notorious for re-emerging candidate which would replace S. Typhimurium DT104 for antibiotic resistance. Recently, isolation rate was increased on human and industrial animals but there was no case in domestic animals but human in Korea. This was first isolation case from domestic animals in Korea. The five isolates from feces of duck (n = 3), chicken (n = 1), and wild bird (n = 1) showed antibiotic resistance against cephems and aminoglycosides. These means that the spread of emerging bacterial pathogens to domestic animals and the need of systemic management for Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:-.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.773-788
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• 2003

Ostrich farming is a developing industry in most countries in the world, with farm profitability being largely dependent on the quality of the products, especially skins and meat. To produce quality products, it is essential to ensure that nutrient supply matches the nutrient requirements of ostriches during their growth. To achieve this, information on feed utilisation efficiency and nutrient requirements of ostriches at different maturity stages is required. In South Africa, a number of experiments were carried out to assess the nutritive value of feed and to define the nutrient requirement of ostriches. These data were derived from limited number of birds and the direct application of the results to ostrich farming in Australia and other countries is questionable due to the difference in environment and feed resources. Initially ostrich farmers used data from poultry as a guideline for feed formulation, but in recent years more data has become available for ostriches. Ostriches have a better feed utilisation efficiency and a larger capacity of using high fibre feeds such as pastures than poultry. This review revealed that there are a number of areas there further nutritional research and development is required to ensure the ostriches are provided suitable diets to maximise farm profitability. These include the assessment of the nutritive value of feed ingredients for ostrich chicks and adult birds, the determination of nutrient requirements of ostriches under different farming systems, the development of ostrich diet for producing specific product, and grazing management strategies of ostriches in a crop-pasture rotation system.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.215-221
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• 2020

The paradigm of agriculture is also changing to address the problem of food shortages due to the increase of the world population, climate conditions that are increasingly subtropical, and labor shortages in rural areas due to aging population. With the development of Information Communication Technology (ICT), our daily lives are changing rapidly and heralds a major change in agricultural management. In a hyper-connected society, the introduction of high-tech into traditional Agriculture of the past is absolutely necessary. In the development process of Agriculture, the first generation produced by hand, the second generation applied mechanization, and the third generation introduced automation. The fourth generation is the current ICT operation and the fifth generation is artificial intelligence. This paper investigated Smart Farm that increases productivity through convergence of Agriculture and ICT, such as smart greenhouse, smart orchard and smart Livestock. With the development of sustainable food production methods in full swing to meet growing food demand, Smart Farming is emerging as the solution. In overseas cases, the Netherlands Smart Farm, the world's second-largest exporter of agricultural products, was surveyed. Agricultural automation using Smart Farms allows producers to harvest agricultural products in an accurate and predictable manner. It is time for the development of technology in Agriculture, which benchmarked cases of excellence abroad. Because ICT requires an understanding of Internet of Things (IoT), big data and artificial intelligence as predicting the future, we want to address the status of theory and actual Agriculture and propose future development measures. We hope that the study of the paper will solve the growing food problem of the world population and help the high productivity of Agriculture and smart strategies of sustainable Agriculture.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4632-4641
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• 2011

The detailed production traceability information is a fundamental element in successful introduction and revitalization of traceability system. In this paper, we propose a production traceability information gathering system which is based on handwritten data digitalization technology in agro-livestock products. By the proposed system, we can effectively gather the detailed production traceability information with digital pen and the management ledger of paper document type by only writing the ledger. The server of the system generates the same digital image as the ledger and converts the handwritten data into digital text to insert the data into the database. Because the system is superior to data gathering system based on PC, PDA and touch screen in mobility, usability, data input speed, suitability in agro-livestock environment, it is possible to effectively gather traceability information of high quality by users even if they have low information ability and insufficient time to input data. We expect that the handwritten data digitalization technology is used to gather document based information in stage of manufacturing, distribution and marketing. In addition, this technology is applied to implementing advanced traceability system with RFID/USN based systems.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.2010-2018
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• 2017

Mixotrophic microalgal growth gives a great premise for wastewater treatment based on photoautotrophic nutrient utilization and heterotrophic organic removal while producing renewable biomass. There remains a need for a control strategy to enrich them in a photobioreactor. This study performed a series of batch experiments using a mixotroph, Chlorella sorokiniana, to characterize optimal guidelines of mixotrophic growth based on a statistical design of the experiment. Using a central composite design, this study evaluated how temperature and light irradiance are associated with $CO_2$ capture and organic carbon respiration through biomass production and ammonia removal kinetics. By conducting regressions on the experimental data, response surfaces were created to suggest proper ranges of temperature and light irradiance that mixotrophs can beneficially use as two types of energy sources. The results identified that efficient mixotrophic metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana for organics and inorganics occurs at the temperature of $30-40^{\circ}C$ and diurnal light condition of $150-200{\mu}mol\;E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The optimal specific growth rate and ammonia removal rate were recorded as 0.51/d and 0.56/h on average, respectively, and the confirmation test verified that the organic removal rate was $105mg\;COD{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. These results support the development of a viable option for sustainable treatment and effluent quality management of problematic livestock wastewater.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.422-431
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• 2004

Water quality modeling was performed for the purpose of diagnosis and prediction of water quality in Gyoung Choen reservoir, using EUTR05/WASP Build model. WASP Builder is capable of visual display in window and it has an advantage of updating and modification for data. Field data of 1992, Spring, Summer, and Fall, were used to calibrate model and these results were validated using data of 2000, Spring, Summer, and Fall. The reservoir was divided into 4 epilimnion segments. Water quality system for modeling were consist of BOD, Chlorophyll-a, DO, $NH_3-N$, $NO_3-N$, T-N, $PO_4-P$, T-P. The results of water quality modelling using EUTR05/WASP Builder, a range of the Correlation for calibration of BOD, T-N, T-P, and Chlorophyll-a according to three seasons are 0.63~0.90, 0.81~0.97, 0.75~0.98, and 0.77~0.98 respectively. And the correlation between simulated and observed values for verification of BOD, T-N, T-P, and Chlorophyll-a according to three seasons are 0.93, 0.94, 0.81, and 0.80 respectively. Among the pollutant sources for a basin of the Gyoung Choen reservoir, generated amount of livestock is the highest and BOD, T-N, T-P of generated loading percentage are 94%, 81%, and 95%. So, we suppose that inflow load amount will decrease 50% and increase 50% only livestock about current load amount. If increasing load amount of livestock 50% in segment 2 and 3, BOD, T-N, and T-P simulated increasing to range of $0.02~0.15mg/{\ell}$, $0.029~0.08mg/{\ell}$, $0.011~0.029mg/{\ell}$ in comparison with current water quality

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

Corn is basal forage for livestock species in Republic of Korea but it lacks protein and needs nitrogenous fertilizer. This study was designed with main objective to achieve optimum growth, yield & nutritive value of forage for livestock through implementing corn-soybean intercropping strategy at 17 different places under Korean condition. Two treatments; corn as monocrop (control treatment) and corn-soybean intercrop were compared under Randomized Block Design from $28^{th}$ May to $8^{th}$ October, 2015. Each treatment had three replicates in each block, whereas seventeen different places were considered as blocks. Data were analyzed through SAS-9.1.3 software. Difference between two treatment means was tested through T-test. Findings depicted that intercropping pattern could not influence (P>0.05) corn plant & ear height, corn lodged stalk No. and corn stalks number. However, corn-soybean intercropping enhanced (P<0.05) forage productivity in terms of total fresh yield ($16.4{\pm}0.7^b$ vs. $19.9{\pm}0.7^atons\;ha^{-1}$), total dry matter yield ($5.38{\pm}0.25^b$ vs. $6.41{\pm}0.31^atons\;ha^{-1}$) and total digestible nutrients yield ($3.94{\pm}0.17^b$ vs. $4.59{\pm}0.21^atons\;ha^{-1}$). Dry matter percentage in corn stalks and corn ears was not different (P>0.05) between two treatments. It was concluded that corn-soybean intercropping strategy was promising technique in enhancing forage productivity though positive symbiotic relation between two crops.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.2 s.19
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

A purpose of this study is to develop practical indexes for improving a village environment in Kyongbuk, Korea. From a questionnaire survey of the public employees (71 persons) who take charge of the environment in Kyongbuk province, the indexes were produced and the contents of questionnaire consisted of preferential and supplementary indexes to apply. The preferential indexes which apply to an agricultural village and a stock raising village are environmental sanitation facilities, a hygienic check of livestock and a purge of livestock shed's surroundings. In case of mountainous village, and natural-ecological village the preferential indexes are habitat reservation for wildlife, poaching prohibition (monitoring for it), and food supplement for livestock. To the traditional-cultural village, prevention of noise pollution, environmental sanitation facilities, and a monitoring or water quality change are the prior indexes in order. For the village near city and the industrial village the preferential indexes are patrol removing of garbage, pollution index planting and monitoring for noise pollution. For a fishing village and a village fronting waterside excess uses of agricultural chemicals, monitoring for a water quality change, and realignment of green house with vinyl and warehouse. In conclusion the research presents the practical and preferential index for residents to improve their environment in accordance with village settings and suggests guidelines for further research.