• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

Objectives : This study purposed to research the inhibitory effect of Berberidis Ramulus on the liver cancer. Methods : A total extract of Berberidis Ramulus decoction were prepared. Through the measurement of the cell proliferation, apoptosis, morphology and cytokine level from the extracts, the influence on HepG2 cell were compared. Results : Berberidis Ramulus extract significantly inhibited the proliferation, increased the apoptosis, decreased the TGF-${\beta}$ gene expression and the K-RAS gene expression, significantly increased the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ secretion and increased the rates of IFN-${\gamma}$ secretory cells. Conclusion : It is suggested that Berberidis Ramulus extract turned out to have anti-cancer effects on HepG2 cell.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2016

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by fat accumulation and is associated with oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract (PPE) against oxidative stress in the liver of rats with NAFLD. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD), 20% corn oil, or palm oil for 8 weeks in the presence or absence of PPE. The control group was fed a basal diet. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated histologically and by measuring liver enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), serum lipids (triglycerides and total cholesterol), and oxidative stress markers. The HFD feeding increased the body weight and caused NAFLD, liver steatosis, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated liver enzymes. Administration of PPE ameliorated the hepatic morphology, reduced body weight, improved liver enzymes, and inhibited lipogenesis. Furthermore, PPE enhanced the cellular redox status in the liver tissue of rats with NAFLD. Our findings suggest that PPE could improve HFD-induced NAFLD via abolishment of hepatic oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia. PPE might be considered as a potential lead material in the treatment of NAFLD and obesity through the modulation of lipid metabolism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3383-3387
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• 2015

Portulaca oleracea (Family: Portulacaceae), is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor activities. However, cytotoxic effects of seed oil of Portulaca oleracea against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human lung cancer (A-549) cell lines have not been studied previously. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Portulaca oleracea seed oil on HepG2 and A-549 cell lines. Both cell lines were exposed to various concentrations of Portulaca oleracea seed oil for 24h. After the exposure, percentage cell viability was studied by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, and cellular morphology by phase contrast inverted microscopy. The results showed a concentration-dependent significant reduction in the percentage cell viability and an alteration in the cellular morphology of HepG2 and A-549 cells. The percentage cell viability was recorded as 73%, 63%, and 54% by MTT assay and 76%, 61%, and 50% by NRU assay at 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively in HepG2 cells. Percentage cell viability was recorded as 82%, 72%, and 64% by MTT assay and 83%, 68%, and 56% by NRU assay at 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively in A-549 cells. The 100 $100{\mu}g/ml$ and lower concentrations were found to be non cytotoxic to A-549 cells, whereas decrease of 14% and 12% were recorded by MTT and NRU assay, respectively in HepG2 cells. Both HepG2 and A-549 cell lines exposed to 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of Portulaca oleracea seed oil lost their normal morphology, cell adhesion capacity, become rounded, and appeared smaller in size. The data from this study showed that exposure to seed oil of Portulaca oleracea resulted in significant cytotoxicity and inhibition of growth of the human liver cancer (HepG2) and human lung cancer (A-549) cell lines.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.311-321
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• 2016

Chronic or acute alcohol abuse often leads to liver injury associated with alcoholic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. In addition to the liver, alcohol abuse also induces a variety of other tissue injuries including pancreatitis, cardiomyopathy, neurotoxicity and muscle loss. Chronic skeletal muscle myopathy, independent of peripheral neuropathy, is well recognised in alcoholic patients. Several mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic myopathy. Ethanol is a potent inhibitor of muscle protein synthesis. Gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles are Type II fiber-predominant and usually considered representative of the musculature as a whole. Whereas, soleus muscle is Type I fiber predominant. Shihosogan-san is a traditional Korean medicine that is widely employed to treat indigestion and liver diseases. Muscle diseases are often related to liver diseases and conditions. We therefore tested the hypothesis that treatment with Shihosogan-san could ameliorate the ethanol-induced changes in muscle protein synthesis. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally given 25% ethanol (5ml/kg, body weight) daily with Ethanol for 28 days. Normal group was similarly administrated with saline. In Shihosogan-san treated group, rats were orally administrated Shihosogan-san extract, and rats of EtOH group were given with the vehicle only. After 4 week, the morphology of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. For comparative purposes, liver function was also investigated. The muscles from rats of EtOH group displayed a significant reduction in average cross section area compared to Normal group. Shihosogan-san treated group had increased fiber compared to the EtOH group. Moreover, Shihosogan-san treated group compared with EtOH group showed significantly decreased pro-apoptotic BAX expression and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, Shihosogan-san extract showed ameliorating effects on chronic alcohol toxicity in skeletal muscle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

The effects on the radical scavenging activities and hepatic lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) in the 70% ethanolic extract from Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) were evaluated. Total phenol content of ATM was 168.60 mg catechin/g in the 70% ethanolic extract of Acer tegmentosum. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 18.32 mM TE/g and 32.25 mM TE/g, respectively. Food efficiency ratio was lower significantly in supplemented group with 150 mg/kg BW/day during 5 weeks (HFD+ATM) compared to HFD. Total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in liver tissue of HFD+ATM were lower significantly compared to those of the HFD. Supplementation of ATM significantly decreased lipid peroxide contents and increased radical scavenging activity in the liver tissue compared with that of HFD group. Moreover, the hepatocytes of HFD rats showed a typical fatty liver morphology showing the presence of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, whereas administration of ATM attenuated the number and the size of lipid droplets. In the liver tissue of ATM administrated HFD group, the mRNA levels of SREBP-1c, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and FAS were decreased. Therefore, these results suggest that Acer tegmentosum extracts could have antioxidant activities and the hypolipidemic effects in liver tissue by its phenolic compounds.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

The present study was designed to characterize the effects of estrogen receptor agonist (4,4',4'-(4-Propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol, PPT) on liver and kidney in male mouse using a light microscopic analysis. PPT was subcutaneously given to adult male mice at a weekly dosage of 178.6mg/kg in a volume 0.08 ml of vehicle for 3, 5 and 8 weeks. There were differences in body and organ weights between control and the treated groups. Body and kidney weights were decreased in treated group whereas, liver weight was increased. In microscopic observations, sinusoidal diameter in liver of treated group was increased 156%, 216% and 255% on week 3, 5 and 8 respectively. Compared to the control, diameter of proximal convoluted tubules in kidney was increased 37% and 43% or week 5 and 8 in treated group. Whereas, height of epithelial cells in the proximal tubules was reduced at all time points. These results suggest that microstructure of liver and kidney was changed by treatment of estrogen receptor agonist PPT in the male mice.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2007

In Korea, hepatoma is the thirdly frequent cause of death from cancer occupying 17.2% among the whole deaths from cancer and the rate of death from hepatoma comes to about 21's persons per one-hundred thousand ones. This paper proposes an automatic method for the extraction of areas being suspicious as hepatoma from a CT scan and evaluates the availability as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of hepatoma. For detecting tumors in the internal of the liver from CT scans, first, an area of the liver is extracted from about $45{\sim}50's$ CT scans obtained by scanning in 2.5-mm intervals starting from the lower part of the chest. In the extraction of an area of the liver, after unconcerned areas outside of the ribs being removed, areas of the internal organs are separated and enlarged by using intensity information of the CT scan. The area of the liver is extracted among separated areas by using information on position and morphology of the liver. Since hepatoma is a hypervascular turner, the area corresponding to hepatoma appears more brightly than the surroundings in contrast-enhancement CT scans, and when hepatoma shows expansile growth, the area has a spherical shape. So, for the extraction of areas of hepatoma, areas being brighter than the surroundings and globe-shaped are selected as candidate ones in an area of the liver, and then, areas appearing at the same position in successive CT scans among the candidates are discriminated as hepatoma. For the performance evaluation of the proposed method, experiment results obtained by applying the proposed method to CT scans were compared with the diagnoses by radiologists. The evaluation results showed that all areas of the liver and liver tumors were extracted exactly and the proposed method has a high availability as an auxiliary diagnosis tools for the discrimination of liver tumors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.664-672
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol administration on selenium concentration and cell morphology in tissurs of rats fed with the different levels of selenium (Se) and vitamin E. Seventy two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about 58~62g were divided into 12 groups. The dietary Se levels were 0mg(L-), 0.4mg(C-) and 10mg(H-), and the dietary vitamin E levels were 0mg(-L) and 150mg(-C) per kg diet, respectively. Alcohol-adminstrated groups(--A) received the triple distilled potable water solution containing 10% of ethanol from the 3rd week of experimental periods. The obtained experimental results are summarized as follows. Se concentration in blood and urine made difference in accordance with Se level in diet and tended to be low in alcohol administrated groups. Se concentration in liver and kidney was also directly proportional to the dietary Se level, and it tended to be low in each alcohol group, but Se concentration in kidney tended to be increased by alcohol administration. Myocardium in rats showed lysosome increasing, fat droplet, mitochondrial swelling, and in particular, bad intracellular edema, in H-group fed with high Se and in L-group with low Se. It also showed such phenomena in the alcohol administrated group. In HC-group fed with excessive Se and normal vitamin E. there appeared no noticeable change in liver tissue. However, in the alcohol administrated HCA-group, there came out fat droplet. Especially, in the alcohol administrated LLA-group, not fed with sufficient Se and vitamin, E, there were found lysosome increasing and a number of fat droplet.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.207-213
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• 2007

1. The pathogenic factors of diarrhea are external sensation, jungjishiljo, weakness of the spleen and stomach, improper diet, sinyanghueson, sueumyujang, liver Gi invades the spleen, uhhyuljeche. 2. The etiological causes of diarrhea are classified into pung, han, seo, seup, yul, sikjuk, ju, chiljung, damsul. Morphology of diarrhea are classified into yu, hwal, son, pok, goe, dongsul. 3. The etiological cause of diarrhea are closely related to the malfunction of the spleen, stomach and the related jang and bu's pathological alternation such as splees & stomach, large intestine, small intestine, liver, spleen, and kidney. 4. Diarrhea was mentioned in literatures not only as chronic Heohansung disorder, but also acute silyulsung disorder, based on hanyulheosil theory.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.467-476
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• 1990

This study was performed to investigate the effects of different fat diets on the serum lipid composition and on the morphology of liver tissue of the spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR), Rats were fed for 17 weeks one of four fat diets, control(corn oil : beef tallow=1:1), beef tallow, grapeseed oil and soybean oil. Blood was withdrawn by heart puncture from each SHR, and used to determine the serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, trigly ceride and phospholipid. No significant difference in body weight was observed in all diet groups. the total serum cholesterol was significantly lower in SHR fed grapeseed oil than that of other groups. The cholesterol lowering effect of grapeseed oil seemed to results from its high contents of phytosterol and linoleic acid. Also, serum HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid contents were low in all the groups. photochemical microscopic observations of the liver tissue revealed the congestion of sinosoid which is regarded as the characteristics of SHR, but no significant difference was observed among the groups.