• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2020

Mitochondria was observed much around the nuclear membrane of liver tissue where the energy metabolism process is active. Testis tissue had a large number of undifferentiated cells, and cristae in Inner membrane of Mitochondria was not observed clearly. Morphological damage occurred first in Inner membrane rather than the outer membrane. The kidney tissue was clearly observed in the form of cristae. Radiation-induced damage occurred at the edges of both ends, and the membrane was observed bursting with the thickness of the outer membrane. Small intestine cells were observed in many mitochondria in the tissues around the villus, where bowel movements were active. Morphological damage occurred with the outer and inner membranes getting tangled. Mitochondria sensitivity to radiation was sensitized in testis and small intestine tissues, and kidney, ovary and liver tissues were found to be resistant.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.183-186
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• 1983

The clinical and histopathological observation of leucocytozoonosis was carried out during July, 1982 at a poultry compound in Gyeongbuk province and the results were summarized as follows: 1. Leucocytozoonosis was observed in 36,900 of 59,900 chickens (61.6%) and the mortality rate was 18.3% (6,760 of 36,900 chickens infected). 2. Clinical findings were anorexia, dyspnea, paleness of comb, greenish diarrhea and reduction of egg production. 3. Gross lesions were yellowish white spots scattered on parenchymal organs and swelling of liver and spleen. In addition, petechiation and ecchymosis of small intestine, egg yolk and subcutaneous tissues were observed. 4. Histological findings were infiltration of mononuclear cells in liver, heart and lung, appearance of megaloschizonts in heart, liver, proventriculus and pancreas, proliferation of foreign body giant cells in heart, and hyperemia and swelling of all parenchymal organs.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.670-676
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• 2001

Effect of the butanol fraction of Astragali Radix (BFAR) on the humoral immune response were investigated in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups and BFAR at doses of 5,25 and 125 mg/kg were administered orally to mice daily for 3 weeks, and the normal animals were given vehicle. The results of this study are summarized as follows; the relative weight of spleen was markedly increased by BFAR treatment, compared with that in normal mice. However, the body weight gain and the relative weight of liver were not affected. Splenic plaque forming cells and hemagglutination titers to sheep red blood cells, and the secondary IgG antibody response to bovine serum albumin were also dose-dependently enhanced by BFAR treatment. In these mice, BFAR did not increase serum alanine aminotransferase total protein, sect albumin and albumin/globulin ratio when compared with those in normal mice. Thus, these findings indicate that BFAR significantly enhances humoral immune response to antigen in concentrations that do not affected liver function.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.72.2-72.2
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• 1961

Since April, 1957, 200 White Leghorn and 100 Newhampshire had been brought to the poultry farm of our college from Songwhan National Breeding Station. The looses due to avian tuberculosis were 67 chickens by June, 1959. Thirteen of them were examined histopathologically. Grayish white tuberculous nodules varying in size were recognized in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and intestine of all affected birds. The heart rind testis were involved in each case, and pulmonary tuberculosis which, unlike in mammals, was kown to be rarely encountered in birds was observed in two cases. One case showed amyloid like degeneration in hepatic cell cords of the liver, glomerular tufts and collecting ducts of the kidney. Lesions in the spleen presented typical Sago spleen. Sections from the liver, spleen, intestine, and lungs were stained by Ziel-Neelsen stain. Acid Fast stained bacilli were found embeded in the cytoplasm of epithlioid cells and foreign-body giant cells.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2010

Objective: To examine the in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Amomum xanthoides extract and its fractions. Methods: Methanol extract of Amomum xanthoides was fractionated into three fractions; petroleum ether fraction (PFAX), water fraction (WFAX) and ethyl acetate fraction (AFAX). The antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of these fractions were compared by in vitro experiments. Results: The total phenols content and DPPH (1 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was found significant in AFAX when compared with other fractions (PFAX, WFAX). AFAX significantly inhibited NO production by RAW 264.7 cells in LPS-activated condition. In Hep $G_2$ cells, AFAX markedly prevented the leakage of LDH and release of AST against CCl4 challenge. Conclusion: Amomum xanthoides and especially ethyl acetate fraction have potent antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.53-59
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• 2023

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has no effect on normal cells, but selectively can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Gartanin, a xanthone compound in mangosteen, has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth by arresting the cell cycle and inducing autophage. In this study, we revealed that gartanin can sensitize TRAIL-induced human liver cancer cell death. We also found that gartanin enhances DR5 expression, a death receptor for TRAIL. This effect appears to be related to CHOP activation associated with the response of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Gartanin treatment also inhibited p62 protein expression and cleaved LC3 to activate autophagy flux, which is related with TRAIL-induced cell death. Pretreatment with autophagy flux inhibitor, LY294002, inhibited gartanin-induced DR5 expression. In summary, our results reveal that the combined treatment of gartanin and TRAIL can be a valuable tool for cancer treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3811-3816
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• 2015

Background: Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes-1) protein is a downstream target of Notch signaling and is a basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor. However, definitive evidence for a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells has not been reported. Here, Hes-1 was revealed to an important component of the Notch signaling cascade in HCC cell lines possessing different potential for lung metastasis. Materials and Methods: RNAi mediated by plasmid constructs was used to analyze the role of Hes-1 in MHCC-97L HCC cells by assessing proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and matrigel invasion following transfection. Hes-1 protein expression analysis in HCC tissue was also conducted by immunohistochemistry. Results: Our studies revealed that Hes-1 was decreased in HCC cell lines with higher lung metastasis potential at both the mRNA and protein levels. Down-regulation of the Hes-1 gene in MHCC-97L cells resulted in increased cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and increased migration and invasion. Conclusions: Hes-1 has potential prognostic value in post-surgical HCC patients and may be an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival and tumor recurrence. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms by which Hes-1 participates in tumor proliferation and invasion.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.639-644
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• 2016

Discovery of non-invasive diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for acute rejection in liver transplant patients would help to ensure the preservation of liver function in the graft, eventually contributing to improved graft and patient survival. We evaluated selected cytokines and chemokines in the sera from liver transplant patients as potential biomarkers for acute rejection, and found that the combined detection of IL-10, IL-17, and CXCL10 at 1-2 weeks post-operation could predict acute rejection following adult liver transplantation with 97% specificity and 94% sensitivity.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.147-164
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• 2009

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Sopungsungi-won(Shu!engshunqiyuan) (SSEx1, SSEx2) to treat the metabolic syndrome by the molecular mechanism of regulation of PPAR and modulation of mitochondrial MCAD, VLCAD mRNA expression. Methods : Mouse NMu2Li liver cells and C2C12 skeletal muscle myogenic progenital cells were transiently transfected with expression plasmids for PPAR(PPAR${\alpha}$, PPAR${\delta}$), a luciferase reporter gene construct containing 3 copies of the PPRE from the rat acyl-CoA oxidase gene and ${\beta}$-galactosidase gene. Cells were treated with several concentrated kinds of SSEx1, SSEx2 at the initial time of culture and analyzed PPAR${\alpha}$, PPAR${\delta}$ reporter gene activity using spectrophotometer (405 nm). Total RNA was extracted from SSEx1, SSEx2 and measured mRNA levels of mitochondrial MCAD, VLCAD. Representative RT-PCR bands are shown. Results : 1. SSEx1 increased the expression of PPAR${\alpha}$ reporter gene activities at 0.1 ${\mu}$g/ml (p${\mu}$g/ml (p<0.05), SSEx2 at 0.1 ${\mu}$g/ml (p${\mu}$g/ml (p<0.05) significantly in NMu2Li liver cell lines. 2. SSEx1 increased the expression of PPAR${\alpha}$ reporter gene activities at 1 ${\mu}$g/ml (p${\mu}$g/ml (p${\alpha}$ reporter gene activities in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. 4. SSEx1 increased the modulation of mitochondrial MCAD mRNA expression (p<0.05) significantly in NMu2Li liver cell lines. 5. SSEx1, SSEx2 both increased the modulation of mitochondrial MCAD mRNA expression (p<0.05) significantly in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Conclusions : These results show the SSEx1, SSEx2 can be used as therapeutic agent for metabolic syndrome and it's molecular mechanisms of PPAR more contribute to the activation of PPAR${\alpha}$ then PPAR${\delta}$ reporter gene activities and it's total RNA more contribute to the modulation of mitochondrial MCAD then VLCAD mRNA expression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1244-1251
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to delineate the expression and secretion of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system components by pig liver cells. Hepatocytes were prepared from 3-wk-old weanling piglets following a two-step collagenase perfusion procedure, after which the cells were incubated for 24 or 48 h at a density of $2{\pm}10^5$ cells per 35-mm dish in 2-ml Williams' medium E. The cells were found to express the genes encoding IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs)-2 and -3 and acid-labile subunit (ALS) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) following the culture. However, IGF-I was localized to hepatocytes by immunohistochemical analysis, whereas IGFBP-3 was localized to endothelial cells, but not to hepatocytes. This indicated that the IGFBP-3 gene expression detected by RT-PCR was likely to have been contributed by unidentified non-parenchymal cells that had not been removed during the hepatocyte preparation. The conditioned culture medium (CCM) of the cells contained immunoreactive IGF-I and IGF-II, with the latter being seven-fold more abundant than the former. The CCM also contained 43-, 40-, 34-, 31-kDa doublet and 26-kDa IGFBPs as examined by Western ligand blotting. The 40-, 34- and 31-kDa doublet IGFBPs were approximately three-fold as abundant as the 43- and 26-kDa IGFBPs. Moreover, the 43- and 40-kDa doublet and the 34-kDa IGFBPs were immunoprecipitable with IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2 antibodies, respectively. Overall, these results are similar to those known in the rat, which suggests that the IGF system components are likely to be expressed and secreted in pig liver in a manner similar to that in rat liver.