• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.967-975
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• 1995

To investigate effects of dietary fish oil and vitamin E level on the tissue levels of vitamin E and vitamin A and to see which tissue is sensitive to lipid peroxidizability, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed experimental diets composed of either menhaden oil or soybean oil nad either low(equivalent to 17 mg $\alpha$-tocopherol) or high (equivalent to 140mg $\alpha$-tocopherol) vitamin E level for 4 weeks. Palsma TBARS per mg lipid was significantly elevated in rats fed fish oil with low vitamin E level compared to soybean oil-fed rats. TBARS levels of liver, heart, kidney and liver microsomes were also increased by feeding fish oil with low vitamin E level. Plasma TBARS level was significantly correlated with TBARS levels of liver, heart, kidney and liver microsome. Plasma vitamin E level of groups with vitamin E supplementation was elevated significantly as compared to the those without vitamin E supplementation, whereas vitamin E levels of liver, heart and kidney were not changed significantly. Plasma TBARS was negatively correlated with plasma vitamin E(r=0.5763, P<0.001) and A(r=-0.4523, P<0.01) and seems to be a good indicator of in vivo lipid peroxidative stress.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.471-476
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• 1999

The effects of total dietary restriction(100% restriction of energy intake) on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) contents and intracellular antioxidant enzymes activities in the liver and kidney of young male Sprague Dawley rats were studied. The TBARS contents were reduced in both liver and kidney, up to 77% and 79% of the control rats, fed ad libitum, respectively at 7 days after dietary restriction . Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in the liver and kidney of rats were increased significantly by total dietary restriction. However, the activity of catalase in kidney was decreased 27% at 6 days after dietary restriction, but this enzyme activity did not change in liver. The changes of glutathione peroxidae(GSHPx) and catalase activities in the liver and kidney of rats with dietary restriction were not significant. These result suggested that dietary restriction reduce the free radical induced by tissue damage, as determined by TBARS content, in both the liver and kidney but the changes of activities of antioxidant enzymes may not be a contributory factor in reducing oxidative damage to tissue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2000

The effect of dietary zinc deficiency and age on lipid peroxide level was investigaed in rats. Zinc level in serum and liver were also measured. Fifty Sprague-Dawly male rats aging 8 months(older rats) and 2 months(younger rats) were used as experimental animal. Zinc deficient diet(1.1ppm) and normal zinc diet(36.5ppm) were used as experimental diets. Rats in each age group were divided into zinc deficient(ZnDF), zinc pair-fed(ZnPF) and zinc ad-libitum(ZnAL) to remove the variances of food intake. After 4 weeks of experimetal period, rats were sacrificed. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) levels in plasma and liver, lipofuscin and conjugated diene levels in liver were measured as lipid peroxide index. Food intakes of all groups were not different because zinc deficiency did not reduce food intake in ZnDF group. Younger rats gained weight continuously, while older rats lost weight in the begining of experiment and regained afterwards. In older rats, serum zinc level was decreaed while plasma TBARS. level was increased in ZnDF group. In younger rats, plasma TBARS concentration was increased in dietary zinc deficient rats although serum zinc concentration was not reduced. Liver zinc concentration was significantly higher in older rats comparing to younger rats. However, there was no difference among the three dietary groups. Liver TBARS level was not different by age or dietary zinc level. However it was tended to be higher in older rats. However there was no difference by the dietary zinc level. In both age groups, ZnDF group significantly increased plasma TBARS levels, which suggested dietary zinc deficiency could increase lipid peroxidation in part. Significantly higher levels of lipofuscin and conjugated diene in older rats suggested lipid peroxidation was accelerated by aging.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

Liver sausage is flavorful and highly nutritious. However, liver has a relatively short shelf life due to acceleration of oxidation in the presence of endogenous enzymes and metals. Powders derived from natural sources, including plants or fruits, are applied to meat products for inhibiting oxidation without adverse effects on their quality. Hence, this study investigated the effects of natural powders derived from green tea leaf (GTL), lotus leaf (LL), and kimchi (KC) on the quality and change in lipid oxidation and freshness of chicken liver sausages during two weeks of storage. Chicken liver sausages were manufactured with chicken breast (70%) and liver (20%), pork back fat (5%), iced water (5%), various additives, and GTL, LL, and KC [0 (control) or 1%]. They were processed in three batches. For determination of the quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages with various plant powders, pH, color, and texture properties were assessed. In addition, lipid oxidation and freshness using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were analyzed at day 0 and week 2 of refrigerated storage. Higher values were obtained for pH and cooking yield in sausage samples with LL and KC powders than in samples with the other treatments. For a* values, the sausage samples with KC showed similar (p > 0.05) values, whilst others had significantly lower values than the control. The addition of the three powders to sausage samples induced an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The addition of plant powders did not influence TBARS and TVBN of sausage samples at the initial stage. However, after two weeks of storage, significantly lower TBARS and TVBN values were observed, and the sausage with KC (p < 0.05) showed the lowest values of both TBARS and TVBN. The results showed the potential ability of the three powders to improve the quality and inhibit lipid oxidation in liver sausages. Particularly, the addition of KC did not adversely affect the $a^*$ values of sausage samples. The effects on sensory properties and inhibition mechanisms of GTL, LL, and KC in meat products should be further studied.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1131-1136
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• 1999

The total contents of polyphenolics in potatoes measured by Folin Denis method were 42~76mg/100g in fresh weight. A major phenolic component contained in potato polyphenolics was identified as chlorogenic acid(3.6~15mg/100g in fresh weight). The antioxidative effects of potato polyphenolics and chlorogenic acid on the lipid peroxidation of liver microsome were studied in vivo and in vitro systems by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and the content of urine 8 hydroxy deoxyguanosine(OHdG). The TBARS contents of liver showed an increase in the cholesterol diet compared to those in the normal diet. This trend, however, was minimized when potato polyphenolics and chlorogenic acid were supplemented in the cholesterol diet. On the other hands, urinary 8 OHdG contents showed a marked increase with the supplementation of potato polyphenolics in the cholesterol diet. However, there was a trend of marked decrease by the supplementation of chlorogenic acid. In vitro study, potato poly phenolics and chlorogenic acid effectively inhibited the formation of TBARS in liver microsomal system in a dose dependent manners. These results suggest that potato polyphenolics exerts an antioxidative activity in cholesterol fed rat liver.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.687-696
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate effects of hesperidin and naringin on linpid peroxide formation and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured in plasma and liver. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in erythrocyte and liver. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dauley rats weighing 275.3$\pm$3.3g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and were raised fro four weeks on diets containing 0.25, 0.50 or 1.00%(w/w) hesperidin or naringin . Food intake, weight gain , food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen ,and epididymal fat pad were not significantly different among groups. In 0.50 and 1.00% naringin groups , plasma TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased with a dose response patter. In 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00% hesperidin groups, liver TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased without a dose dependent patter. Antiosidative enzyme activities in erythrocyte and liver were not significantly affected by type and amountof dietary bioflavonoid, but in the 1.00% hesperidin group, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutahione perosidase activities in linver showed a tendency to increase. In conclusion, naringin inhibited lipid peroxide formation with a dose response pattern in plasma without changing the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Hesperidin adminstration, regardless of the level in the diet, inhibited lipid peroxide formation in liver.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate whether dietary factors, normal fat and genistein leads to beneficial improvement of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in adult hyperlipidemic male rats. Seven wk-old male SD rats were fed high fat diet (15% fat, 1% cholesterol) for 4 wks for induction of hyperlipidemic model rat. Weight-matched rats were then assigned to four groups according to dietary fat level (7% or 15% fat) and genistein contents (0 or 320 mg/kg diet). Food intake was significantly decreased by both high fat intake and genistein supplementation compared with normal fat intake and genistein no supplementaion. But weight gain was significantly decreased by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and liver were significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. But total cholesterol in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation in both high fat and normal fat intake. TBARS in serum and liver was less produced by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake but TBARS in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in normal fat intake. Glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes was significantly reduced by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in liver were significantly inhibited by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. Catalase activity in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in high fat intake. Nitrite was significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. These results suggest that normal fat intake has the treatment effect against risk factors related with cardiovascular disease by reducing lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation. And genistein shows action as a antioxidant replacing antioxidant enzymes but also may act as prooxidant causing the production of TBARS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.353-368
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Korean native plant diets on lipid and cadmium (Cd) metabolisms and also antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 210.3$\pm$2.7g were blocked into ten groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) cadmium chloride and 5%(w/w) plant powder-Ssook(Artemisia princeps var. orientalis HARA), Chamchwi(Aster scaber THUNB), Gomchwi(Lingularia fischeri TUBCZ). or Solbeerum (Portulaca oleracea LINNE). Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat were significantly lower in Cd-exposed groups, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat were significanlty lower in Cd-exposed groups. Plasma total lipid level, liver total lipid, cholesterol and triglycerde concentrations, and fecal total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride excretions were decreased by Cd administration. Total lipid and triglyceride concentration in plasma and liver were lower in Chamchwi groups together with increased fecal total lipid and triglyceride excretions. Cholesterol concentration in plasma and liver were lower in Gomchwi groups with increased fecal cholesterol excretions. Activities of red-blood-cell superoxide dismutase(SOD), and liver catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were decreased significantly by Cd administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of plasma and liver were increased by Cd administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentration of plasma and liver were increased by Cd administration. Administration of plant diets decreased plasma and liver catalase, SOD and GSH-px activities in Cd-free diet groups and increased them in Cd-administered groups. Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations were decreased in animals fed plant diets, with Chamchwi showing the most effective antioxidative capacity. The concentration of Cd accumulated in blood and tissue decreased in Cd-exposed groups fed plant diets. Liver Cd concentration were lower in the Chamchwi and Gomchwi groups, and kidney Cd levels were lower in the Ssook and Chamchwi groups. Among them, Chamchwi was the most effective in Cd detoxification. In conclusion, Chamchwi and Gomchwi were effective in lowering tissue lipid levels, with Chamchwi having the greatest antioxidative and detoxifying effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate effects of dietary folic acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine levels, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance s (TBARS) level s and liver SAM/SAH ratio in hyperhomocysteinaemia-induced pregnant rats. Forty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided three groups (C: control diet, HFD: $0.3\%$ homocystine and 0 mg folic acid diet, HFS: $0.3\%$ homocystine and 8 mg/kg folic acid diet) according to homocystine and folic acid levels in the diet. They were fed experimental diets for 5 weeks prior to the mating and also during the entire period of pregnancy till gestational day 20. Dietary folic acid supplementation caused a significant decrease in plasma homocysteine levels which had been increased by a homocystine-diet, with a concomitant increase in plasma and liver folate levels. Liver TBARS levels in homocysteine-folic acid-deficient group (HFD) were higher than those in control group. Dietary folic acid supplementation increased hepatic SAM/SAM ratio in homocysteine-folic acid- sopplemetantion group (HFS) when compared to the HFD (p < 0.05). These data suggest that folate depletion and elevated plasma homocysteine may promote oxidative stress in rat livers and influence the remethylation cycle of the homocysteine metabolism detrimentally. In conclusion, dietary folic acid supplementation was found to be effective for lowering plasma homocysteine levels, relieving oxidative stress, and improving the methylation status in the body.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.684-692
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chongkukjang intake on lipid metabolism and liver function in ethanol consumed rats. Twenty one Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 4 weeks old were used as experimental animals, which were divided into three dietary groups; casein diet(CA), soybean diet(SB) and chongkukjang diet(CJ). Alcohol was consumed with water as 25%(v/v) ethanol solution. After 4 weeks of experimental period, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver samples for analysis of lipids, lipid peroxides, antioxidative enzymes and biochemical indices of liver function. The mean body weight, food intake and liver index were not significantly different among three groups. Serum level of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol of chongkukjang diet group was the lowest among three groups although the difference was not significant. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly(p<0.05) higher in chongkukjang diet group than that of casein diet group. LDL-cholesterol level of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. Liver TBARS of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. The superoxide dismutase activity of chongkukjang diet group was significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of casein diet group. Catalase activity was not significantly different among three groups. As indices of liver function, glutamic oxaloacetic transminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transminase(GPT), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase($\gamma$-GTP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were not significantly different among three groups. Serum alcohol concentration and activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were not significantly different among three groups. The chongkukjang diet seems to give a beneficial effect for improving lipid metabolism by increasing HDL-cholesterol level and SOD activity while reducing liver TBARS level. However, effect on liver function has to be investigated further.