• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

Objective : In modern society, liver diseases such as liver fibrosis are on the rise as inflammation and wound healing processes of the liver are repeated due to factors such as drinking, smoking, and stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Saenggangeonbi-tang (SGGBT) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. Methods : The mice were divided into 4 groups for examination (n=6): Normal group (Nor), distilled water-treated liver fibrosis mice (Con), silymarin 50 mg/kg-treated liver fibrosis mice (Sily), SGGBT 200 mg/kg-treated liver fibrosis mice (S200). Liver fibrosis was established in the mice via TAA for 8 weeks (1 week 100 mg/kg, 2,3 weeks 200 mg/kg, 4-8 weeks 400 mg/kg, three times a week, intraperitoneal injection) and they were administered silymarin and SGGBT (every day, oral administration) with the TAA. Results : SGGBT significantly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferanse, ammonia, and myeloperoxidase in serum increased by liver fibrosis. As a result of confirming H&E and MT staining, it was confirmed that SGGBT reduced damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissue, and alleviated changes in collagen fiber deposition and histological fibrosis. Also, it was confirmed through PAS staining that it reduced glycogen deposition in liver tissue. In addition, SGGBT significantly decreased the NADPH oxidases as well as significantly modulated the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Conclusions : These results suggest that SGGBT regulates the expression of MMP/TIMP protein through inhibition of oxidative stress and alleviates liver fibrosis by reducing collagen and glycogen deposition in liver tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1988

To provide a quantitative parameter of evaluating diagnosis of the liver diseases accurately, the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient was estimated from liver phantoms, 15 normal human livers and 30 liver disease patients. Two kind of phantoms(No.1: 1552m/s, No.2: 1562m/s) which have velocity (1560m/s) similar to that in human liver were constructed and their ultrasonic attenuation coefficients were determined. In this paper the spectral-shift approach and spectral-difference approach were used for estimating ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, \ulcornerdB/Cm.MHz). These two approaches were utilized to esitmate for 15 normal humans without any liver disease and 30 liver disease patients. The results indicate that the two types of phantoms produce the value of near the suggested value of 0.5 and the attenuation coefficients of hepatoma, normal liver, corrhosis, fatty liver and hepatitis show decreasing value in order named, suggesting that the present study can be of clinical value incorrelating the estimated attenuation coefficidents with the liver diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 1990

Nuclei proteins were purified from chick liver to homogeneity by means of acid extraction CM Sephadex c 25 column chromatography and Bio Rex 70 column chromatography, The molecular weight of liver Nuclei proteins 1 and 2 as estimated by electrophoresis on SDS-polycrylamide gel are 29000 and 27,000 respectively. These molecular weights are identical with those of Nuclei Proteins 1 and 2 isolated from chick erythrocyte. The liver and erythrocyte Nuclei Proteins also co-migrated in acetic acid-urea gel electrophoresis. Furthermore the anti-sera raised against liver Nuclei Proteins 1 and 2 cross-reacted with erythrocyte Nuclei Proteins 1 and 2 respectively, However the amino acid compositions of liver Nuclei Prooteins 1 and 2 were found to be different from those of corresponding erythrocyte Nuclei proteins ; the contents of serine and proline in liver Nuclei proteins were higherocyte Nuclei proteins ; the contents of serine and proline in liver Nuclei protesins were higher than those in erythrocyte Nuclei proteins while the content of lycsine in liver Nuclei proteins was lower than the erythrocyte Nuclei proteins, These results suggest that in spite of similarities in many respects the liver and erythrocyte Nuclei proteins in chicks and different proteins.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

Objectives : Liver cancer usually appears in the setting of underlying liver disease. Liver transplantation has potentials to improve survival for patients with liver cancer. This case report was designed to assess the clinical effect of Korean medicine on liver transplant patient's cerebral infarction.Methods : We provided Chiganpung Granule(Chodeungsan) to a patient who was 58 year old man complained of cognitive impairment and dysarthria. We checked the change of symptoms(K-MMSE, Aphasia Rapid Test) and liver function test and kidney function test.Results : We observed that Chiganpung Granule(Chodeungsan) decreased cognitive impairment and dysarthria. Liver function test and Kidney function test was improved.Conclusions : From the above results, it is considered that Korean medicine treatments is effective on liver transplant patient's cerebral infarction.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.481-487
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• 2022

Over the past few years, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has been shown to exert several biological functions in mammalian. The endogenous production of H₂S is mainly mediated by cystathione β-synthase, cystathione γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. These enzymes are broadly expressed in liver tissue and regulates liver function by working on a variety of molecular targets. As an important regulator of liver function, H₂S is critically involved in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cancer. Targeting H₂S-generating enzymes may be a therapeutic strategy for controlling liver diseases. This review described the function of H₂S in liver disease and summarized recent characterized role of H₂S in several cellular process of the liver.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2022

Obesity is known as the most common risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Weight loss is needed to prevent liver function damage from progressing to non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis (NASH) and NASH-related liver cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to observe the recovery of liver function in obese patients with liver dysfunction through traditional Korean obesity treatment. Body weight, liver function levels and renal function levels were examined by prescribing traditional Korean medicine in obese patients with mild elevation of liver function test. Blood tests were conducted at intervals of one month, and it was observed that liver function recovered to the normal range in three patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.708-715
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• 2004

The lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) in liver of Lempetra japonica was purified in buffer of affinity chromatography. The liver-specific $C_4$ isozyme of Gadus macrocephalus was purified by heat treatment, affinity chromatography, and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. The liver-specific $C_4$ isozyme was eluted in a buffer containing NAD+ and was coeluted with $B_4$isozyme in plain buffer of affinity chromagraphy. Liver-specific $C_4$ isozyme in G. macrocephalus was the most thermostable, and$B_4$isozyme was more stable than $A_4$. The LDH in the fraction of pH 7.45 purified from the liver of L. iaponica by chromatofocusing was more inhibited by pyruvate than purified LDH. The optimum pH of the LDH isozyme in the liver of L. japonica was 7.5 and that of liver-specific$C_4$ isozyme was 8.5. The LDH in liver of L. japonica made complexes more with antibody against Coreoperca herzi$A_4$ and liver-specific $C_4$ than with that against eye-specific $C_4$. Therefore, the structure of the LDH in liver of L. japonica might be similarly evolved to that of subunit A and liver-specific $C_4$ isozyme in liver tissue of G. macrocephalus. The evolution rate of subunit C is faster than that of subunit A. LDH in liver of L. japonica has not one isozyme but isozymes and it was also found out to have not only subunit A and B but also subunit C.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.316-324
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• 2021

Background: Korea Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used as remedies with hepato-protective effects in liver-related condition. Microbiota related gut-liver axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. We evaluated the effect of KRG on gut-liver axis in patients with nonalcoholic statohepatitis by the modulation of gut-microbiota. Methods: A total of 94 patients (KRG: 45 and placebo: 49) were prospectively randomized to receive KRG (2,000 mg/day, ginsenoside Rg1+Rb1+Rg3 4.5mg/g) or placebo during 30 days. Liver function test, cytokeraton 18, and fatigue score were measured. Gut microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq systems based on 16S rRNA genes. Results: In KRG group, the mean levels (before vs. after) of aspartate aminotransferase (53 ± 19 vs. 45 ± 23 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (75 ± 40 vs. 64 ± 39 IU/L) and fatigue score (33 ± 13 vs. 26 ± 13) were improved (p < 0.05). In placebo group, only fatigue score (34 ± 13 vs. 31 ± 15) was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The changes of phyla were not statistically significant on both groups. In KRG group, increased abundance of Lactobacillus was related with improved alanine aminotransferase level and increased abundance of Clostridium and Intestinibacter was associated with no improvement after KRG supplementation. In placebo group, increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae could be related with aggravation of liver enzyme (p < 0.05). Conclusion: KRG effectively improved liver enzymes and fatigue score by modulating gut-microbiota in patients with fatty liver disease. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of improvement of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ClnicalTrials.gov: NCT03945123 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 1995

Alcoholic liver disease is defined by the development of three types of liver damage following chronic heavy alcohol consumption, namely, alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis, The clinical features and laboratory tests often do not distinguish among these types of liver injuries. In addition, a considerable number of the patients who have clinical and laboratory features compatible with alcoholic liver disease are diagnosed on liver biopsy to have chronic viral hepatitis or other lesion. Because of these factors, liver biopsy is frequently needed to arrive a definite diagnosis of the disease, its activity, and its chronicity. Fatty liver is usually a benign and reverible condition that disappears on abstinence from alcohol. However, alcoholic hepatitis is usually regarded as a precursor of cirrhosis. The principle factors in the development of alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis are the quantity and length of ingestion of alcohol. women are much more susceptible than men to hepatic injuries. Since only 10 - 20% of alcoholics develop cirrhosis, however, it is conceivable that other factors, either genetic, environmental, or nutritional may contribute in the genesis of liver injuries. The most important factor in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease is prolonzed abstinence from alcohol, since abstinence by itself improves clinical status and survival, Nutritional support in patients with nutritional deficiency, and specific drug therapies such as corticosteroid or anabolic steroids for hospitaliged patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis also play an important role in devreasing morbidity and improving survival. Liver transplantation is a newer treatment modality in the patients with advanced cirrhosis, not responsible to medical treatment.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of squid liver powder intake on accumulation of cadmium in mice was investigated. Subjects were divided into 4 groups including the control group (CON), squid liver powder group with lipids not removed (SLP100), and squid liver powder groups with lipids removed (LFSLP50 and LFSLP100). Feed intake and food efficiency ratio of squid liver powder groups was significantly higher than the CON. As a result of investigating cadmium content in hair, serum, liver, and kidney during intake of squid liver powder, all groups showed increase in cadmium accumulation through consistent, long-term intake. Especially, cadmium content in liver and kidney of LFSLP100 was significantly higher than the content of SLP100 and CON. As a result of pathological observation on liver and kidney tissues according to squid liver powder diet, LFSLP100 showed most serious pathological symptoms. In case of kidney tissues, degeneration was significantly more severe in LFSLP100 compared to other groups. Such results suggest that cadmium concentration in human body can be increased by ingestion of whole squid including internal organs and that tissues can be damaged by increased cadmium concentration. More specific and systematic studies are deemed necessary.