• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2004

Primary cardiac lymphoma is an extranodal malignant lymphoma of any cell type involving only heart and pericardium without dissemination. Patients usually present symptoms of heart failure, arrhythmias, pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma can be performed by echocardiogram, CT and MRI and cytologic examination of pericardial effusion or transvenously biopsied cardiac tissue. Prognosis of primary cardiac lymphoma is poor. Because of poor prognosis, early diagnosis and complete surgical excision is essential and postoperative systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy is useful. In this case extensive tumor infiltration on the right ventricle and atrioventricular groove preclude surgical excision. Tissue biopsy revealed primary cardiac lymphoma. After postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the size of intracardiac mass is decreased in follow up chest CT scan and echocardiogram and symptoms of patient are relieved. Therefore, we report a case of primary cardiac lymphoma with review of literatures.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2008

A mobile phone became the practical necessities of Chinese life that can not be explained without a mobile phone as it is rapidly popularized in China in recent years. As income increases due to economic growth, so did desire to buy better products. And This desire has made consumers in China more concerned about design and consequently leads to artistic design of a mobile phone. And also this trend is getting linked to people's personalisation in that people prefer rather to choose products they like than standardized ones in the middle of a variety of cultural inflows. This study mainly focuses on the development of the characterized mobile phone with a high class brand by use of traditional elements and of design identity of a mobile phone with Chines style that is well harmonized with cultural and personalized identity as consumers' preferences are quite different from each other depending on each country's culture. For this, this study investigates traditional elements such as patterns, colors and characters as well as development and features of the mobile phone design. This will also lead to the development of a mobile phone with traditional elements of China by studying utilization of design with traditional patterns. To do this, the study analyzes to research traditional patterns(Dragon, Phoenix, Peony, Lotus Flower), colors(Red, Yellow, Blue, Black, White) and historical origin and concept of characters. The study also looks into instances and personalisation of mobile phone design by analyzing literatures.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.615-625
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• 2013

Many eruptions of Mt. Baekdusan volcano have been recorded in the historical literatures, and there were unrest precursors in 2002. Based on the geological survey results, it has been recognized that Mt. Baekdusan's Plinian eruptions had caused ashfall, followed by the occurrence of pyroclastic flows, which were caused by the collapse of eruption column. Therefore, we simulated the range of the impacts of pyroclastic flows, which were caused by small eruptions from a specific crater. Based on the simulation results, it can be interpreted that, when the pyroclastic flows are caused by the eruption column collapse from an eruption with less than VEI 3, the impacts will range from the outer rim of the caldera to the mountain slope 7 km at the maximum distance. Furthermore, it is interpreted that, when the eruption column occurs by the crater located inside the caldera, most will be deposited inside the caldera and what overflows will be deposited thickly mostly in the north valley, the upper stream region of Erdaobaihe.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.298-309
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• 2003

The educational preparation of nurses has been the focus of considerable debate globally. It is needed the change of the basic nursing education for professional nurse to prepare the trends of the health care needs of clients for coming new generation. And also it is believed that educational preparation for being nurses is to be responsible to clients' needs. The purpose of the study was to develop a baccalaureate program in nursing. This study were implemented through three stages from April 2001, to April 2002.: preparation stage which were consisted of reviewing of the literatures, interviewing the fellow nurses in a variety workplace, and consulting professors who were concerned with the nursing education to identify the present educational problems, and analyzing the contents of seven major courses in nursing education, evaluation stage about a new developed curriculum with the directors of the five nursing schools, and confirmation stage of new developed education programme. The developed education programme was designed as a four year program with 126 credit hours including 39 credit hours of liberal arts, 34 credit hours of supplementary courses, and 53 credit hours of nursing major based on the four basic nursing dimensions of human, health, environment and nursing. Nursing majors were consisted of Nursing Ⅰ(oxygenation), Nursing Ⅱ(nutrition elimination), Nursing Ⅲ(activity rest), Nursing Ⅳ(neurologic- endocrine protection), Nursing Ⅴ(fluids electrolytes/sex reproductive), Nursing Ⅵ(psycho-social), Community Health Nursing, Fundamental Nursing, School Health, and Emergency care. This new nursing programme was focused on the nursing education for prevention and rehabilitation nursing care as well as the acute and chronic nursing care at hospital, on the integrated nursing programme to become effective, and the nursing process to encourage the critical thinking. The new education programme focused on the professional nurses who are responsible the nursing ethics, communication skills, and professional beliefs to suit the future trends in health. And also it will be needed for faculties to manage the integrated curriculum, to analyze the contents of each subject, and to communicate with each other before a new education programme apply to their education programme in future. This research was supported by the Han Kok Medical Science Foundation

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.49-60
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• 2013

Evacuation process has been considered as one of the most important elements to be managed in public facilities. Although the importance is highlighted through numerous literatures, disaster evacuation planning, particularly fire accidents, faces a number of human behavior related limitations for a similar application to different types of facilities/occupants. To overcome the obstacles including complexity in human behaviors, a number of simulation techniques with limited consideration on human behaviors are utilized to predict foreseeable problems in evacuation process. Therefore, this research aims to propose system dynamics models incorporating human behaviors considering different types of occupants under disaster evacuation events. Analysis on emergent human behaviors such as group forming and interactions under urgent situation are conducted based on the main stream theories in social science field. The results suggest the influences of human behavior factors including cooperative intention, information sharing, and mobility change to evacuation behavior. The implications are expected to provide safety consideration at planning/designing phase of buildings and help facility safety managers for evacuation planning with more realistic management approaches.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.348-355
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• 2008

Recently, an understanding of new sources of liquid hydrocarbons such as bio-ethanol is economically very important. The present dissertation is also designed with purpose of developing the energy-saving process for the separation of bio-ethanol. In order to illustrate the predictability of proposed process for the separation of bio-ethanol, the experimental data from literatures and real plant data are used. Application of the thermodynamics of multicomponent mixtures and phase equilibria to the extractive distillation process with syntheses of heat exchanger network has enabled the development of energy-saving process for different separating agents. Developed process is capable of minimizing the energy usage and the environmental effect. This extractive process is also able to properly describe the effect of impurities, the choice of separating agent. Simulation results of extractive distillation using ethylene glycol show that impurities do not affect to extractive distillation operation and agent, ethylene glycol, was recycled without any loss. It is possible that extraction distillation has various heat network for anhydride ethanol and recovery of ethanol is maximized. Ethylene glycol as separating agent has a high boiling point to eliminate azeotropic point and on the contrary solubility of agent is low to be almost completed recovered. Proposed process is also the energy efficient process configuration in which 99.85mole% anhydride ethanol can be produced with low energy of 1.37198 (kg steam/kg anhydride ethanol).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-128
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• 1991

This study has been carried out to investigate Pyu-Juk ( 肺積 ), Pyu-Ong ( 肺癰 ), Pyu-Ju ( 肺疽 ), Pyu-Am ( 肺癌 ) by referring to 56 literatures. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The treatllent-method of Pyu-Juk ( 肺積 ) are Ik Ki ( 益氣 ), SuI Yem Wha ( 洩陰火 ), So Juk ( 消積 ), Wha Juk ( 化積 ), Son Juk ( 損積 ), Ma Juk ( 摩積 ) Jo Chil Gi ( 調七氣 ), and herbs are Sik Bun Tang ( 息賁湯 ), Sik Bun Hwan ( 息賁丸 ), O Juk Hwan ( 五積丸 ), Ban ha Tang ( 半夏湯 ), Gil Gyung Tang ( 桔梗湯 ), Dae Chil Gi Tang ( 大七氣湯 ), Chil Gi Hwan ( 七氣湯 ) , Ga Gam Sik BlDl Hwan ( 加減息賁丸 ), Bil Rang San ( 檳郞散 ). 2. The treatment-method of Pyu-Ong ( 肺癰 ) Yang pyu ( 養肺 ), Yang Hyul ( 養血 ), Yang Gi ( 陽氣 ), Chung Geam Youn Pye ( 淸金潤肺 ), Hal Dam Bae Nong ( 豁痰排膿 ), Saeng Gi ( 生肌 ), herbs are Gil Gyung Tang ( 桔梗湯 ), Jung Ryuk Dae Jo Sa Pyu Tang ( ??大棗瀉肺湯 ), Chung Geom Wy Gyung Tang ( 千金 葦莖湯 ) Hwang Gi tang ( 黃嗜湯 ), Hyun Sam Chung Pyu Eum ( 玄蔘淸肺飮 ), Sip Mi Hwan ( 十味丸 ), Gil Gyung Baek San ( 桔梗白散 ), So Hong Eum ( 消膿飮 ), Sam Gi Bo Pyu Tang ( 蔘嗜補肺湯 ), sam Chul Gun Bi Tang ( 蔘朮健脾湯 ), Chung Pyu Gil Gyung Tang ( 淸肺桔梗湯 ), Yu Sung Hwan ( 如聖丸 ). 3. The treatment-method of Pyu-Ju ( 肺疽 ) are Be Bi ( 補脾 ), Bo Pyu ( 補肺 ), herbs are Hwang Gi Gum Jung Tang( 黃嗜補裨湯 ), lnSamBoPyuSan (人蔘補肺散) 4. The treatment-method of Pyu-Am ( 肺癌 ) are Bal Han ( 發汗 ), Chung Yul Hae Dok ( 淸熱解毒 ), Gang Hwa Do Dam ( 降火導痰 ), Hwa Rak Hwa a ( 和絡化瘀 ) Ik Pyu ( 益肺 ), Gun Bi ( 健脾 ), Ja Eum Yun Pyu ( 滋陰潤肺 ), Gi Hu Yang Bo ( 氣虛兩補 ), herbs are Gyul Yua Hae Dok Tang ( 莖熱解毒湯 ), Gang Hwa Jae ( 降火劑 ), Chil Yul Do Dam Tang ( 治熱導痰湯 ), Chong Ho Byul Gap Tang ( 靑蒿鱉甲湯 ), Ga gam Gil Gyung Tang ( 加減桔梗湯 ), Sang Mak San ( 生脈散), Yuk Mi Ji Hwang Tang ( 六味地黃湯 ), Baek Hap Go Geum Tang ( 百合固金湯 ), Dae Be Won Jun ( 大補元煎 ), Ga Mi Jae Che Bo Pyu Tang ( 加味載體補肺湯 ).

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2016

The development of Smart devices has become a key influence on the changes of the school system. As Smart education is integrated and institutionalized in school systems, how it is perceived and utilized by teachers should be investigated. This study is conducted to find out the perception of the teachers on characteristics of Smart education, using qualitative research method, and to analyze importance-performance, using additional quantitative analysis. To figure out the perceptions of the attributes of Smart education by teachers, related literatures were reviewed. The 8 teachers were selected and the data on their perceptions of Smart education were collected through direct observation of class and semi-structured in-depth interview. After researching, we finally drew out 16 final concepts, 6 sub-categories, and 3 categories in the open coding process. Based on the 16 concepts on teachers' perceptions on Smart education, importance-performance analysis (IPA) were conducted to identify areas that need focus and improvement. Based on the results of teachers' perceptions on importance of and the levels of use of Smart education, recommendations were provided for better practice of Smart education in school.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2012

IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol standard, DCF(CSMA/CA), is originally designed to ensure the fair channel access between mobile nodes sharing the local wireless channel. It has been, however, revealed that some misbehavior nodes transmit more data than other nodes through artificial means in hot spot area spreaded rapidly. The misbehavior nodes may modify the internal process of their MAC protocol or interrupt the MAC procedure of normal nodes to achieve more data transmission. This problem has been referred to as a selfish node problem and almost literatures has proposed methods of analyzing the MAC procedures of all mobile nodes to detect the selfish nodes. However, these kinds of protocol analysis methods is not effective at detecting all kinds of selfish nodes enough. This paper address this problem of detecting selfish node using Tsallis-Entropy which is a kind of statistical method. Tsallis-Entropy is a criteria which can show how much is the density or deviation of a probability distribution. The proposed algorithm which operates at a AP node of wireless LAN extracts the probability distribution of data interval time for each node, then compares the one with a threshold value to detect the selfish nodes. To evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm, simulation experiments are performed in various wireless LAN environments (congestion level, how selfish node behaviors, threshold level) using ns2. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves higher successful detection rate.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.607-614
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• 1996

Nasal bone fracture is common in mid-facial trauma patients. In these patients, facial bone and nasal bone fracture are reducted at same time, but definite nasal reduction is difficulty in these patients because of nasotracheal intubation during general anesthesia and facial swelling in early facial trauma patients. If nasal packing and MMF are needed, there are difficult to maintain the reducted nasal bone because of some difficulty in airway maintenance after nasal packing and increasing the patient discomfort. So postoperative nasal deformity is more common in these combined patients. Secondary rhinoplasty is necessary in these patients who have deformed nasal bone, and there are many methods and materials for secondary rhinoplasty. But if primary nasal bone was reducted symmetrically, it is easy in secondary rhinoplasty. We present 7 cases of secondary rhinoplasty in mid-facial trauma patients who had combined nasal bone fracture. In these patients, primary nasal bone reduction carried with closed reduction method during primary facial bone reduction. About 6 months later, we performed secondary rhinoplasty with iliac bone and alloplastic materials. So we report these cases with literatures.