• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study is to summarize and compare acupuncture points used for dental disorder in the classics with those used in recent clinical trials. Methods : We searched the data for acupuncture points used and rationale of acupuncture in dentistry. Following two sources were searched: 1) seven Classics of traditional medicine and 2) clinical trials through Pubmed from January 2000 to March 2013 with no language restriction. Results : Dental pain was the most common disorder in the dentistry section of the Classics of traditional medicine. We found many similarities of acupuncture points used between literatures and clinical trials. From the meridian perspective, large intestine meridian(LI), stomach meridian(ST), triple energizer meridian(TE), and gallbladder meridian(GB) were frequently used in the Classics of traditional medicine and the clinical trials. From the acupuncture point perspective, acupuncture points were selected according to syndrome. The specific points such as five transport points, source points, and connecting points were also used. In the clinical trials, combination of acupuncture points usually consisted adjacent points and distant points. Among them, LI4 was used in all of the studies included in this review. Conclusions : For well-designed clinical trial, appropriate intervention is essential. To establish appropriate acupuncture treatment, we have to suggest reasoning for treatment based on literature and/or expert consensus. Our review only focused on pain relief in dentistry and had many limitations. Further studies based on the literatures such as the Classics of traditional medicine are required to ensure the rationale of acupuncture treatments in various dental disorders.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 Nature-Study 관련 문헌 연구를 통해 Nature-Study의 교육방법을 도출하고 이 교육방법이 오늘날 과학교육에 주는 의의를 고찰하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 Nature-Study의 역사적 연구를 발전시켜 Nature-Study의 교육관점을 도출하고 19세기 후반에서 20세기 초반에 출판된 Nature-Study 관련 문헌을 수집 분석하여 각 교육관점에 따른 교육방법을 추출하였다. 또한 추출한 교육방법을 바탕으로 Nature-Study가 오늘날 과학교육에 주는 의의를 고찰하였다. 연구 결과 Nature-Study는 자연에 대한 학습이라는 관점에서 학생과 자연의 교감을 강조하고, 교과 통합적 학습을 중시하며, 비형식적 학습을 학교 수업에 포함시키는 교육방법을 지향한다. 또 직접 경험을 통한 학습이라는 관점에서 야외 활동을 지향하고, 교재보다 경험이 선행될 것을 강조하며, 기초적인 관찰을 중시한다. 마지막으로 학습자 중심의 학습이라는 관점에서 학생의 흥미를 중요시하고, 모든 학생을 위한 교육을 지향하며, 조력자로서 교사의 역할을 강조한다. 이와 같은 Nature-Study 사상은 오늘날 과학교육에 '자연을 통한 과학학습'으로의 관점 전환이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2007

This study was to evaluate economic impact of a comprehensive pharmaceutical care intervention provided by community pharmacists on drug-related morbidity and mortality in the elderly population, in a societal perspective. Clinical outcomes of pharmaceutical care included compliance increase, inappropriate medication discontinuation, and subsequent drug-related morbidity and mortality reduction. Economic outcomes included cost savings from direct medical costs reduction such as medication and healthcare resource utilization. Input costs for pharmaceutical care included pharmacist time and computerized prescription review supporting program costs. Model parameters of outcomes were derived from published literatures, and costs were from literatures and health insurance statistical data in Korea. Annual costs and benefits were estimated in the year 2005. Current usual care and standardized pharmaceutical care required 0.3 and 2.0 hours per year respectively, for elderly outpatient using average 4.4 prescription drugs per visit and average annual frequency of 17.8 pharmacy visits. Comprehensive pharmaceutical care provided to overall elderly outpatients at community pharmacies would have cost of \74,994 mil. and benefit of \357,002 mil. per year. Benefit:cost ratio was 4.8:1 and net benefit was \282,008 mil/year. It was corresponded to net benefit of \73,816/year for individual elderly patient. In addition, pharmaceutical care was estimated to reduce 1,531 drug-related deaths/year. Conclusively this study, a first attempt in Korea to evaluate an economic value of pharmaceutical care at community pharmacies, proved that it was a cost-effective intervention having significant economic benefit.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2019

본고는 한국인 피험자를 대상으로 지각 실험을 진행하여 화자의 실제 연령(Chronological age)과 지각 연령(Perceived age) 간의 상관관계를 살피고, 한국인 피험자가 얼마나 정확하게 익명의 화자의 연령을 지각할 수 있는지를 밝히고자 한다. 또한, 이러한 연령 지각에 음성적 단서가 되는 음높이와 발화 속도와 지각 연령 간의 영향 관계를 검토하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 성인 80명을 대상으로 3가지 과제로 구성된 지각 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 자극은 표준어 화자 40명에게서 추출되었으며, 자유 발화, 낭독 발화, 모음 연장 발성으로 구성되었다. 각 실험은 10초 내외의 음성을 듣고 연령을 구체적인 숫자로 답하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 분석 결과, 한국인 피험자들은 상당히 높은 판단 정확도를 보였으며, 모음 연장 발성을 들었을 때보다 자유 발화와 낭독 발화를 들었을 때 화자의 연령을 더욱 정확하게 짐작하였다. 이러한 결과는 음성이 포함하고 있는 정보량의 차이에 기인한 것으로 보인다. 또한, 음성 분석을 수행한 결과 피험자들은 화자의 음높이와 발화 속도를 참고하여 화자의 연령을 추정하는 것으로 나타났으며, 음높이보다는 발화 속도가 연령 지각에 더 적극적으로 기여한 것으로 나타났다.

• 제3의학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.253-295
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• 1997

It is very critical to specify certain medical personnels in defining the history of certain era. Due to the limited source of information and lack of thorough research, there still aren't enough study grounded on concrete historical investigation. Authors attempted to investigate those medicinal personnels engaged in Three Kingdoms period in terms of the activity area, relation with religion and their role in medical system and medical exchange. The sum of recorded medical personnels in Three Kingdoms period numbers 50 of which 6 belonged to Kokooryo, 18 to Baekje, 7 to Shilla and 19 to Unified Shilla. There might existed far more medical personnels who tried to alleviate the suffering of the people and were not recorded in the documents. The more earlier in times, the more medicine gets the religious tinge. This is not the exception for the period of the Three Kingdoms and those medicine men, wizard doctors and priest doctors were playing important role in healing people and processing crude drugs. The system of royal physician and medical education facility were established and doctors and pharmacists, shamanic doctor, herb collectors, Kongbong's doctor(供奉醫師), Kongbong's diviners(供奉卜師) took leads in medicine in those times. Those folkloric healers also took part in. Korea imported chinese medicine and Japan employed chinese medicine via Korea or directly from China and developed into traditional japanese medicine. In this process those who emigrated from Baekje and Kogooryo and their offsprings took an active part. Since the limited source of information of Three Kingdoms, we only can infer the me야cal environment of those times by featuring the activities of medical personnels.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.935-943
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• 2013

울산 태화강변 십리대숲의 가운데에 위치하였던 '만회정'은 울산 출신의 무관인 박취문이 조성한 정자였다. 울산읍지와 고문헌 및 고지도를 참고해 보면, 조선후기 당시 만회정의 모습을 어느 정도 유추해 볼 수 있는데, 만회정의 규모는 정면 3~4칸, 측면 1.5칸 정도로 추정되며, 전면부에 누마루(테라스)를 둔 것을 알 수 있다.공간의 구성은 양쪽에 방 한 칸씩을 두고, 가운데에 마루 한 칸을 둔 중당협실형인데, 이와 같은 형식은 정자의 뒤에서 진입하게 하여 전면의 경관을 극적으로 보게 한 구성으로 이해된다. 따라서 만회정은 태화강과 십리대숲을 충분히 이해하여 구성된 정자라고 할 수 있으며, 문화콘텐츠 요소로 활용하기에 손색 없음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2011

Classified Emergency Materia Medica is a pharmacopoeia published by the government of the Song(宋) dynasty. After publishment, it had a decisive effect on East-Asian herbology of China, Korean & Japan. Sakae Miki(三木榮), Tameto Okanisi(岡西爲人) wrote papers on the subjects of type, publishing process, bibliographic terms of Classified Emergency Materia Medica published in the early and middle years of Joseon Dynasty. Moreover, Sakae Miki claimed that Classified Emergency Materia Medica from China had been a standard of herbology of Joseon Dynasty since its publishment, and herbology based on materia medica from countryside(鄕藥) also had occupied a part of herbology in Joseon Dynasty. Nevertheless the specific influences, from Classified Emergency Materia Medica to the medical books of Joseon Dynasty which established the herbology based on materia medica from countryside has never been handled so far. So I would like to investigate the influence of Classified Emergency Materia Medica to Joseon Dynasty, through a comparison with literature review. The main literatures for comparison are two representative medical books of Joseon Dynasty, Compendium of Prescriptions from the Countryside(1433) & Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine(1613), especially focusing on the pharmacognostic parts. The main comparing points on researching literatures will be the following: publication year of books; order of herbs; and quotations. This paper will show which edition of Classified Emergency Materia Medica was utilized to publish two medical books of Joseon Dynasty, and the process how Korean herbology based on materia medica from countryside was transformed after accepting Chinese herbology.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.127-149
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• 2007

The environment surrounding oriental medical' doctors made change in accordance with changes of the society to make change of the doctors' ethics. In particular, some of practitioners made light of patients to let people distrust all of the medical professions. To improve such a situation, oriental medical doctors' ethics should be examined historically and philosophically. This study examined the literatures of Oriental medicine on oriental medical doctors' ethics to investigate difference of medical ethics between the Western medicine and the Oriental medicine and to suggest a way promoting oriental medical doctors' ethical consciousness. The ethics of the literatures of Oriental medicine might be classified into the two, in other words, 'medical technology' and 'mental attitude'. 'Medical technology' laid emphasis upon not only a lot of researches on Oriental medicine but also doing best to give patients medical treatment carefully. 'Mental attitude' laid emphasis upon keeping 'humanity(仁心)' thinking much of patients not to pursue excessive profits. To recover ethical consciousness, not only 'reinforced school education' but also 'reinforced legal regulation' was required. And, oriental medical doctors, nongovernmental organizations, common people and other social members were demanded to make efforts together to elevate oriental medical doctors' ethical consciousness.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.43-63
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medication for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis in children by analyzing randomized controlled trials conducted in China. Methods We searched literatures from China National Knowledge Infrastructure published up to 19 January, 2018. Selected literatures were collected and analyzed in order of publication year, and then demographic information, treatment method, duration of illness, duration of treatment, follow-up period, outcome measurement and adverse events. Results A total of 34 studies were selected for the analysis. In most studies, the total efficacy of the treatment group was reported to be higher than that of the control group, and the recurrence rate and complete cure rate were also found to be more effective in the herbal medicine treatment group. The most frequently used medical herb was Alpiniae Fructus (益智仁), and the use of medical herbs belong to tonifying yang (補陽藥), tonifying qi (補氣藥), and astringing essence strengthening collapse medicine (澁精縮尿止帶藥) were relatively high. The adverse events rate for the herbal medicine treatment group were significantly lower than those in the Western medicine treatment group. Conclusions This study showed that a herbal medicine treatment can be effective and safe option for treating pediatric nocturnal enuresis. However, additional well-designed clinical studies need to be performed to establish a basis.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.169-187
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• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 전자형 색인초록이 도서관 및 정보기관에 도입되어 있음에도 불구하고 계속 인쇄형 색인초록을 이용하는 이용자는 어떤 개인적 특성을 보이고 있으며, 어떤 행태를 지니고 있는지를 전자형 색인초록 이용행태와 비교함으로써 인쇄형 색인초록이 지니고 있는 특성을 밝히는데 있다. 결론을 요약하면 이용자들은 논문작성시 확실한 연구논제를 정하지 못한 상태에서 연구의 주제를 얻기 위하여 인쇄형 색인초록을 이용하는 반면, 확실한 논제가 정해진 상태에서는 선행연구조사와 같은 포괄적인 조사를 하기 위해서 전자형 색인초록을 이용하고 있고 인쇄형 색인초록 이용자들은 탐색과정 중 자신에게 필요한 문헌인지 아닌지를 결정하는 판단력으로 인하여 탐색결과 만족도가 전자형 색인초록 이용자보다 다소 더 높으며, 전자형 색인초록 이용자는 인쇄형 색인초록 이용자보다 탐색결과 분석을 위해 별도의 시간을 더 많이 할애하고 있다. 전자형 색인초록 이용자는 인쇄형 색인초록 이용자보다 탐색실패 경험이 더 많았으며, 탐색실패 후 각 유형의 색인초록 이용자 모두 높은 응답율로 다른 색인초록을 통한 재탐색을 시도하였다. 인쇄형 색인초록 이용자는 전자형 색인초록 이용자에 비해 온라인 탐색지식이 월등하게 적은 것으로 나타났다.