• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to establish theoretical bases upon which to complement the clinical evidence in representative literature "Dongeuibokam(東醫寶鑑)" of Korean medicine. Methods: We searched applicable paragraphs about thermotherapy in "Dongeuibokam(東醫寶鑑)" and defined them as historical and theoretical bases of thermotherapy in Korean medicine. Results : Three paragraphs about thermotherapy are in "Yehyung(外形篇)" and "Jabbyung(雜病篇)" of "Dongeuibokam(東醫寶鑑)". These records to treat the disease of the internal organs and meridian are enough to explain historical and theoretical evidences. Conclusions : Although only three paragraphs are associated with thermotherapy, they mean that thermotherapy has been explained under the system of Korean medicine. It is necessary for more literatural study and clinical trials to be carried out to secure the evidence of physical therapies in Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to establish theoretical bases upon which to complement the clinical evidence in representative literature (Hwangjenaegyeong;黃帝內經)of Korean medicine. Methods : We searched applicable paragraphs about thermotherapy and cryotherapy in Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經) and defined them as historical and theoretical bases of thermotherapy and cryotherapy in korean medicine. Results : The meridian muscle treatment originated from Young-Chu(靈樞) was developed for many centuries. Five paragraphs about thermotherapy and one paragraph about cryotherapy are in Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經). These records to treat the disease of the muscle meridian are enough to explain historical and theoretical evidences. Conclusions : Thermotherapy and cryotherapy of meridian muscle are treatments which are used widely in Korean medicine. They mean that thermotherapy and cryotherapy has been explained under the system of Korean medicine. It is necessary for more literatural study and clinical trials to be carried out to secure the evidence of physical therapies in Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.173-187
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to clarify the specific terms of epistemic and epistemological by reviewing the literature on epistemological understanding of science learning, examine the necessity of epistemic discourse analysis based on the view of social epistemology, and provide an exemplar of practical epistemology analysis for elementary children's science learning. The review was conducted in terms of meaning and terminology about epistemic or epistemological approach to science learning, epistemology of/for science, and methodologies for epistemic discourse analysis. As an alternative way of epistemic discourse analysis in science classroom I employed practical epistemology analysis (by Wickman), evidence-explanation continuum (by Duschl), and DREEC diagram (by Maeng et al.). The methods were administered to an elementary science class for the third grade where children observed sedimentary rocks. Through the outcomes of analysis I sought to understand the processes how children collected data by observation, identified evidence, and constructed explanations about rocks. During the process of practical epistemology analysis the cases of four categories, such as encounter, stand-fast, gap, and relation, were identified. The sequence of encounter, stand fast, gap, and relation showed how children observed sedimentary rocks and how they came to learn the difference among the rocks. The epistemic features of children's observation discourse, although different from scientists' discourses during their own practices, showed data-only conversation, evidence-driven conversation, or explanation inducing conversation. Thus I argue even elementary children are able to construct their own knowledge and their epistemic practices are productive.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1998

Although there has been a considerable research in psychoneuroendocrinology, particularly in relation to the biology of mood disorders, there has been a paucity of research regarding the effects of psychological factors on endocrine diseases. Of the existing literature, the most research is focused on diabetes mellitus, graves' disease. Especially diabetes appears to be the only endocrine disease that has been the focus of recent research studies. Most of the studies had retrospective designs or several methodological flaw. There has been no consistent results demonstrating that psychological factors affect the onset of diabetes mellitus. Several studies have suggested that psychological factors affect the course of diabetes. A small number of studies showed some evidence that psychological stress was associated with changes in glucose regulation in a subset of diabetic patients. There was also evidence to suggest that some temperament and coping skill influence glycemic control in child, adolescent diabetics. Studies of behavioral or psychosocial intervention on diabetic control have been small and have produced mixed results. There was a few controlled study suggested that stressful life events might be a causal role in Cushing's disease and Graves'disease, but there is no presently sufficient evidence to suggest that psychological factors affect the onset and the course of Cushing's disease and Graves' disease. In future, there is need for a well-designed biopsychosocial research with prospective designs, well defined patient population and control groups to study the relationship between psychological factors and endocrine diseases.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 2019

This study examines the dynamic linkages between food price inflation and its volatility in the context of Sri Lanka. The empirical evidence derived from the monthly data for the period from 2003M1 to 2017M12 for Sri Lanka. The relationship between inflation rate and inflation volatility has attracted more attention by theoretical and empirical macroeconomists. Empirical studies on the relationship between food inflation and food inflation variability is scarce in the literature. Food price inflation is defined as log difference of food price series. The volatility of a food price inflation is measured by conditional variance generated by the FIGARCH model. Preliminary analysis showed that food inflation is stationary series. Granger causality test reveals that food inflation seems to exert positive impact on inflation variability. We find no evidence for inflation uncertainty affecting food inflation rates. Hence, the findings of the study supports the Friedman-Ball hypothesis in both cases of consumer food price inflation and wholesale food price inflation. This implies that past information on food inflation can help improve the one-step-ahead prediction of food inflation variability but not vice versa. Our results have some important policy implications for the design of monetary policy, food policy thereby promoting macroeconomic stability.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9433-9437
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• 2014

This study provides the first systematic literature review of cervical cancer incidence and mortality as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype prevalence among women with cervical cancer in the Pacific Island countries and territories. The cervical cancer burden in the Pacific Region is substantial, with age standardized incidence rates ranging from 8.2 to 50.7 and age standardized mortality rate from 2.7 to 23.9 per 100,000 women per year. The HPV genotype distribution suggests that 70-80% of these cancers could be preventable by the currently available bi- or quadrivalent HPV vaccines. There are only few comprehensive studies examining the epidemiology of cervical cancer in this region and no published data have hitherto described the current cervical cancer prevention initiatives in this region.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4195-4198
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• 2013

Background and Objective: Though researched for years, the prognostic role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) in gastric cancer is still controversial. We thus undertook a systematic review to assess the relationship. Method: A systematically literature search of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, China Biological Medicine Disc and Cochrane Library was undertaken in February 2013, and the reference lists of articles were retrieved. Results: 12 trials (1,555 participants) were included to assess the association between HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression and survival. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival of gastric cancer patients (HR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.13-1.58; P=0.0009), but not with poor disease free survival of gastric cancer patients (HR=1.67, 95%CI: 0.99-2.82; P=0.06). Conclusion: HIF-$1{\alpha}$ was associated with poor OS, but not DFS, especially for Asian patients. But studies evaluating relationships of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ with OS and DFS in non-Asian gastric cancer patients appear needed.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.150-155
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop evidence-based nursing practice guidelines for hemodialysis in the renal failure patients with risk of bleeding and to evaluate the guidelines by applying it to the practice. Method: Referring to the SIGN, the first draft for guidelines was developed based on the advices and recommendations obtained from the procedure of critical literature analysis. Then, the draft was modified by the procedures of the expert group evaluation and pilot application to the practice. The final draft was evaluated by the expert group using AGREE instrument. Result: The first draft of guidelines was developed through 8 stages of process and was evaluated by seven experts in terms of the appropriateness, applicability, and effectiveness using a 9 point scale. The mean score of 11 items was 7.90 or above. The quality of the final draft was evaluated by 5 experts using the AGREE instrument. The mean standard score was 73.0% or above in the 19 items. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines developed by this research can be utilized as systematic and scientific guidelines for hemodialysis in the renal failure patients with risk of bleeding. In addition, the research can contribute to improving care services.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6103-6108
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• 2014

Many studies have reported ${\beta}$-catenin involvement in the development of esophageal carcinoma (EC), but its prognostic significance for EC patients remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to explore the issue in detail. After searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, we included a total of ten relevant studies. We pooled the overall survival (OS) data using RevMan 5.2 software. The results showed that aberrant expression of ${\beta}$-catenin was associated with a significant increase of mortality risk (hazard ratio 1.71, 95%CI 1.46-2.01; p<0.00001). Subgroup analyses further suggested that aberrant expression of ${\beta}$-catenin resulted in poor OS of EC patients regardless of histological type of EC, study location or criteria for aberrant expression of ${\beta}$-catenin, and the sensitivity analyses revealed that the result was robust. The meta-analysis revealed that aberrant expression of ${\beta}$-catenin could be a predicative factor of poor prognosis for EC patients.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.42-55
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• 2009

Purpose: Despite numerous evidence based preventive strategies of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) have been introduced, the incidence rate of VAP continues in an unacceptable range. The purposes of this review were to identify risk factors and diagnosis of VAP and to introduce current evidence based preventive strategies of VAP. Methods: A comprehensive literature search using keywords, including ventilator associated pneumonia were entered into a search engine. A number of highly pertinent papers relevant to the purpose of the review were identified. The papers that discussed specific preventive strategies of VAP were selected for analysis and inclusion in this review. Results: A number of evidence based preventive strategies that nurses can implement in their clinical practice to prevent VAP were identified. Such strategies include hand washing, use of protective gloves and gowns, oral care, stress ulcer prophylaxis, avoidance of unnecessary intubation, weaning protocol, sedation vacation, use of non-invasive ventilation, semi-recumbent position, continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions, and maintenance of proper endotracheal tube cuff pressure. Staff education is essential in preventing VAP. Conclusion: Preventive strategies of VAP should be applied to daily nursing care and each critical nurse should play a functional role in preventing VAP.