• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.363-394
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular flora of the Hongcheon-gun area in Gangwon Province. The vascular plants were collected 13 times(from April 2008 to May 2009), and 1,055 taxa in total were identified, including 43 orders, 118 families, 443 genera, 903 species, 6 subspecies, 125 varieties, 18 form and 3 hybrids. Among them, 37 taxa of Korean endemic plants and the Office of Forestry-designated rare & endangered plants were identified as 35 taxa. Based on the list of plants which have been approved for overseas delivery, 61 taxa were recorded in the investigated area. The Ministry of Environment-designated plants, which should be protected by the wildlife protection law, were identified as four taxa and 224 taxa of specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment. The naturalized plants were identified as 45 taxa, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 4.3%, and 16.1% respectively. 1,055 taxa listed consists of 359 taxa(34%) of edible plants, 293 taxa(27.7%) of medicinal plants, 166 taxa(15.7%) of pasture plants, 143 taxa(13.5%) of ornamental plants, 41 taxa(3.9%) of timber plants, 25 taxa(2.3%) of fiber plants and 3 taxa(0.2%) of industrial plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.535-544
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• 2009

This study was conducted to establish the selection criteria for the trees to be transplanted in the forest reserves which are expected to be developed in the future. The main task in this endeavor was to access the transplantability of the trees focused on their feature, diameter at breast height (D.B.H.), soil feature, etc. The selection of the trees for transplantation consisted of two stages. The first stage was to select trees on the basis of their indigenousness and forest successional stage. The second was to select trees on the basis of their type, D.B.H., the layers of soil, etc. At the first stage, the trees which are not indigenous or expected not to survive were eliminated from the selection list, and the result showed that approximately 5.9% (about 3,841 trees) of the trees proved to be inadequate for transplanting. At the second stage, the investigation of the trees based on the criteria of tree type, D.B.H., the layers of soil was carried out, and the result showed that approximately 33.7% (1,218) out of 3,613 trees turned out to adequate for transplanting however, 23.0% of the trees, which are 829 trees, were found to be impossible to transplant. In addition, it was discovered that in the case of approximately 43.3%(1,566 trees) of the trees there was little difference between transplanting cost and planting cost of new trees. Therefore the investigation indicated that it is more advisable to transplant trees to preserve the ecological environment. However, the study showed that there are other elements to be considered, such as tree feature and soil condition, for the successful tree transplantation, and the necessary information can be provided by the managing personnel who are in charge of the forest.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2018

Watermelons, Citrullus species(Cucurbitaceae), are native to Africa and have been cultivated since ancient times. T he fruit flesh of wild watermelon is watery, but typically hard-textured, pale-colored and bland or bitter. The familiar sweet dessert watermelons, C. lanatus, featuring non-bitter, tender, well colored flesh, have a narrow genetic base, suggesting that they are originated from a series of selection events in a single ancestral population. In this study, considered as sweet dissert watermelon, genetic resources, C. lanatus, comprising of traditional cultivars and local accessions were collected from 18 different countries in four continents. A total of 60 accessions were characterized morphologically according to RDA genebank descriptors combined with Japan and China, list for 11 qualitative characteristics, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, petiole diameter-source, stalk end length, stalk diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, rind thickness, flesh sugar content($^{\circ}brix$), fruit weight-sink, and 6 sink related characters, leaf margin incision-source, fruit shape, fruit skin ground color, fruit skin stain color, fruit skin stain pattern and flesh color-sink, were also investigated. Even though the relatedness between some morphological traits and fruit weight or fruit sweetness showed no significance, the accessions investigated have a great deal of variation for most of the morphological traits. Additionally, the accessions which showed good performance in flesh color and fruit shape (IT271048) and high sugar content of flesh (IT274119, IT290118) above 14brix, were investigated in this experiment. The accessions, which have the information on specific traits including the selected accessions could be introduced, distributed and investigated for further use.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.481-504
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Biseul. The vascular plants collected 10 times(from May 2006 to October 2007) were identified as 468 taxa in total, including 89 families, 302 genera, 397 species, 1 subspecies, 59 varieties and 11 forms. Korean endemic plants of this area were identified as 17 taxa including Thalictrum uchiyamai, Coreanomecon hylomeconoides, Lonicera subsessilis, etc.; the Ministry of Environment-designated plants, which should be protected by the wildlife protection law, were identified as one taxon including Aconitum austrokoreense; the Office of Forestry-designated rare & endangered plants were identified as 6 taxa including Viola albida, Lloydia triflora, Streptopus ovalis, etc.; the naturalized plants were identified as 34 taxa, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 7.3%, and 12.2% respectively. This study newly identified about 160 taxa of the plants, among which 17 taxa were newly added to the list of naturalized plants, such as Phytolacca americana, Dicentra spectabilis, Lepidium apetalum, Medicago lupulina, Euphorbia supina, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cosmos bipinnatus, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Galinsoga ciliata, Rudbeckia bicolor, Sonchus oleraceus, Tagetes minuta, Taraxacum officinale, Chloris virgata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Tradescantia reflexa, etc. There existed many kinds of plants resources having conservational value like Aconitum austrokoreense etc. in this area, but there remains a fear of nature destruction's acceleration due to indiscriminate human development and access of a lot of visitors, so it is judged that there should be a management plan, such as a limit on the number of visitors or rest-year-system for restoration of nature.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.469-489
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• 2023

Six field surveys were conducted at 29 locations from April 2020 to April 2022 to identify the freshwater flora of the Taean Peninsula. Based on the collected specimens, the vascular plants of the Taean Peninsula were summarized as 391 taxa: 94 families, 248 genera, 362 species, 5 subspecies, and 24 varieties. Freshwater plants in the Taean Peninsula consisted of 104 taxa, 45 taxa for aquatic plants, and 59 taxa for wetland plants. When classified by life history, annuals accounted for 33 taxa, winter annuals 5 taxa, biennial 6 taxa, and perennials accounted for most of the 60 taxa. Among the 391 identified taxa, 2 taxa of Endangered plants, 3 taxa of Korean endemic plants, 5 taxa of IUCN red list plants, 49 taxa of Korean floristic target plants, 38 taxa of biological resources subject to the approval of outbound transfer, 55 taxa alien plants and 7 taxa of ecosystem disturbing plant. The results of this study are intended to be used as basic data on the freshwater environment and distribution of aquatic plants in the Taean Peninsula.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-38
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• 1979

The woody species of Genus Ilex which are endemic to Korea are distributed on limited area due to solely temperature factor. There is some differences according to species, however in general, the evergreen Ilex are found along southern coastal area of Korean Peninsula and near islands where the cold index does not exceed $-5^{\circ}C$. But Ilex macropoda and the variety, only deciduous ones, are grown in temperate zone of the peninsula and some islands. The list of Ilex species of Korea are as follows. Ilex cornuta Lindley et Pax., I. crenata Thunb. var. microphylla Max., I. crenata Thunb., I. rotunda Thunb., I. macropoda Miq., I. macropoda Miq. var. pseudo-macropoda Loensner, I. integra Thunb. The author surveyed the populations of Ilex species as many as possible and data of some characters such as leaf shape, spine, fruit shape, stomata density, sex ratio in natural communities, etc. are collected. Almost all the Ilex species in Korea show sporadic distribution. This means quite small sized populations isolate distantly each other eliminating the change of gene exchange in between. Particularly Ilex conuta and I. crenata show the morphological differentiation among populations as well as significant individual variation within a population. These were true with such characteristics, leaf shape, leaf dimension, leaf margin, fruit shape, spine, and stomata density. The founded are that the fruit length and the stomata density counted on the beneath surface of leaves of Ilex cornuta increased with the decrease of latitude. These are naturally closely related with the cold index values. The table shown below indicates the correlation between mean stomata density per $0.3642mm^2$ and cold index values. These relation however were not observed on Ilex crenata. The most dominated natured in relation to individual variation were outline of leaf, the number of marginal spine, the shape of leaf cross section and the degree of luster of the upper leaf surface. As shown in photos 5~7, these variations are agreed at a glance. There are reports that the development of marginal spines in some Ilex species is associated with the juvenility and topophysis. In present study, these two factors were neglected because of the intended sampling procedure. Of Ilex rotunda, population difference with the characteristics of leaf length is recognized but not for leaf width, petiole length, and fruit size. However, individual variations within a population were significantly large. In case of Ilex integra, only individual differences within population were calculated statistically for such characteristics as leaf length, leaf width, and petiole length. As to natural population, the sex ratio was 1:2 (female to male) for Ilex cornuta, and 1:1 for Ilex crenata. The tendency of more male than female in I. cornuta was agreed to other observations. Preparing the tip cutting of length 10cm, and treating with IBA, then attaching earth ball to the cut end, very successful rooting percentages were obtained. Asexual propagation has the advantages of maintaining the heterozygosity of existing varieties and overcoming the difficulties of delayed seed germination frequently encountered with Ilex species. Considering a great deal of variation in morphological traits, a good possibility of selection breeding for decorative and ornamental purposes exists. At present, these evergreen Ilex are ignored by local people as nuisance weedy shrubs. So the proper protection measures should promptly be taken.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2018

This study was carried out to provide the basic information for efficient protection management of natural recreation forest in addition to providing ecological information by analysing the vascular plants in Ohdosan natural recreation forest, and conducted from September 2016 to June 2017. This study showed that the area had a total 295 taxa including 86 families, 192 genuses, 255 species, 3 subspecies, 32 variants 6 forms and the ratio of genus/family was 1.5. Korea endemic plants were 10 taxa including Aconitum austrokoreense and A. pseudolaeve. Rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 6 taxa including Aconitum austrokoreense and Goodyera schlechtendaliana. The floristic regional indicators plants found in this survey area were 30 taxa comprising 5 taxa of grade IV, 6 taxa of grade III, 7 taxa of gradeII and 11 taxa of gradeI. Based on the list approved for delivering overseas of plants, 42 taxa were recorded in the surveyed area. The target plants adaptable to climate change were 4 taxa such as Abies koreana, Acotinum austrokoreense and so forth. The naturalized plants were 11 taxa including Cerastium glomeratum, Oenothera biennis and so forth.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide the baseline data for conservation and management of Korean forest ecosystem by surveying and analyzing the vascular plants distributed from Gitdaebaegibong to Cheonghwasan in Baekdudaegan Mountains. The results are as follows. The numbers of vascular plants in the whole survey section were summarized as 771 taxa including 103 families, 379 genera, 623 species, 4 subspecies, 121 varieties and 23 forms. There were 377 taxa in A-section, 395 taxa in B-section, 278 taxa in C-section, 325 taxa in D-section, 534 taxa in E-section, and 406 taxa in F-section. The rare plants were 32 taxa including Megaleranthis saniculifolia, Rodgersia podophylla, Iris ensata var. spontanea, and Gastrodia elata. In IUCN Red List categories, there were 1 taxon of CR, EN, and DD each, 11 taxa of the VU, and 18 taxa of the LC. The Korean endemic plants were 26 taxa including Asarum versicolor, Clematis fusca var. coreana, Vicia chosenensis, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Carex okamotoi, and Luzula sudetica var. nipponica. The specific plants by floristic region were 143 taxa including 3 taxa of grade V, 12 taxa of grade IV, 41 taxa of grade III, 42 taxa of grade II, and 45 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 41 taxa including Rumex crispus, Ailanthus altissima, Erechtites hieracifolia, Erigeron annuus, and Poa pratensis. The invasive alien plants were 4 taxa including Rumex acetocella, Sicyos angulatus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Aster pilosus. The plants adaptable to climate change were 43 taxa including 14 taxa of endemic plants, 2 taxa of southern plants, and 27 taxa of northern plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.70-89
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the flora of Jeonggwangsan Mt. (Yongin, Korea) from May of 2015 to September of 2016. Through 14 independent field investigations, we identified a total of 367 taxa of vascular plants, including 89 families, 234 genera, 323 species, six subspecies, 34 varieties, and four formae. Eight taxa were endemic to Korea, while 27 were naturalized in Korea. Nineteen taxa were the floristic regional indicator plants in Korea: four in Rank VI, four in Rank III, two in Rank II, and nine in Rank I. A total of 59 taxa were designated as controlled Korean biological resources, requiring special permission for export to outside countries. Two taxa were listed on the Red List of Korea, including one Near Threatened (NT) taxon (Hololeion maximowiczii Kitam.) and one Least Concern (LC) taxon (Iris minutoaurea Makino).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.453-474
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• 2020

Here, we present an updated checklist based on voucher specimens of vascular plants for Gasan Mt. which is located in Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The list includes 322 taxa in 212 genera and 81 families of vascular plants, of which 14 are endemic, six are rare plants, 48 are floristic target species, and 14 are considered naturalized in Korea. Based on voucher specimens, Gasan Mt. was the southern limit of Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. bifida Nakai and Iris odaesanensis Y. N. Lee on the Korean peninsula. Moreover, we confirmed a hybrid plant deriving from two Iris parents, I. minutoaurea Makino and I. odaesanensis, in a mountain fortress of Gasan Mt. We also present online databases including 325 voucher specimens deposited at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM; http://oasis.kiom.re.kr/herblib). This study has great significance as the first floristic study of Korean plants sharing virtual specimens online.