• 한국진공학회지
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• 제12권S1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2003

The alignment effect of liquid crystals on Polyimide surfaces bombarded by a low energy argon ion beam and the effect of pretilt angle on viewing characteristics of an LCD cell are discussed. The unidirectional out-of-plane liquid crystal tilt angle is varied with various ion beam irradiation conditions, such as the energy of the incident ions, the angle of incidence and exposure time. As low pretilt angle is profitable for wider viewing property, LCD cell with ion beam modified Polyimide layer show wider viewing characteristics.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1983

Conditions for isolation of protoplasts from conidiospores of Trichoderma koningii ATCC 26113 were tested. Maximum production of conidial protoplasts was obtained by preincubation of conidiospores on liquid minimal medium for 8 1/2 hrs. and by reaction with cell wall lytic enzyme for 3 hrs. Among effective cell wall lytic enzymes (Driselase, p-Glucuronidase, Novozyme and Zymolyase), Driselase was the most effective one on the production of conidial protoplasts. The production of conidial protoplasts was also enhanced by addition of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose $(25{\mu}g/ml)$ into liquid minimal medium. Over 70% of the initial swollen conidia, preincubated in liquid minimal medium supplemented with 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose $(25{\mu}g/ml)$, were converted to protoplasts by incubation with 2% (w/v) commercial lytic enzyme Driselase at $28^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs. The reversion frequency of the conidial protoplasts was about 30 times (25-50%) higher than that of mycelial protoplasts (0.6-1.3%).

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.502-505
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• 2003

We synthesized high thermal photoalignment material with hydroxyl aromatic polyimide, and studied the liquid crystal (LC) aligning capabilities on the photopolymer layers. Also, electro-optical (EO) performances for the twisted-nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) photoaligned with linearly polarized UV exposure were investigated. A good LC alignment with UV exposure on the photopolymer surface can be obtained. However, the low pretilt angles were obtained below $1^{\circ}$. The Voltage-transmittance (V-T) curve without backflow bounce in the photoaligned TN cell with UV exposure was observed. The response time of photoaligned TN cell was measured about 24 ms.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.969-976
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• 2007

In this thesis, an anchoring energy in the upper and lower substrates of TFT-LCD cell has been modeled and applied in the numerical calculation of the molecular orientation of the TN-LCD. The molecular orientation of liquid crystals defined as tilt and twist angles was simulated using the Newton-Raphson method and the Gaussian integration method. From the results, the tilt and twist angles for the strong anchoring energy were proven to be coincide with those of the conventional results. on the other hand, for the weak anchoring energy, azimuth angles of the molecules were changed abruptly from $0^{\circ}\;to\;90^{\circ}$ near the middle area of the cell due to the balance of the anchoring energy and the elastic energy of the liquid crystals.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제28회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.87-90
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• 2007

장기 체공 무인 항공기를 위한 연료 전지 동력 시스템을 개발하였다. 기존의 고압 수소 저장 방식의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 높은 에너지 밀도를 갖는 액상의 화학 수소화물을 연료로 사용하였다. 수소화물을 전환하여 수소를 발생하는 연료 공급 장치는 촉매 반응기, 펌프, 연료 카트리지, 분리기, 제어기로 구성되어 있으며, 전력을 발생하기 위한 연료전지 스택과 함께 연료 전지 동력 시스템을 무인 항공기에 탑재하였다. 연료 전지 동력 시스템을 무인 항공기에 적용하기 위한 성능 검증을 수행하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2024

Cancer cells metastasize to distant organs by altering their characteristics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to effectively overcome challenges during the multistep tumorigenesis. Plasticity endows cancer cell with the capacity to shift between different morphological states to invade, disseminate, and seed metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a theory derived from tissue biopsy, which explains the acquisition of EMT transcription factors (TFs) that convey mesenchymal features during cancer migration and invasion. On the other hand, adherent-to-suspension transition (AST) is an emerging theory derived from liquid biopsy, which describes the acquisition of hematopoietic features by AST-TFs that reprograms anchorage dependency during the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The induction and plasticity of EMT and AST dynamically reprogram cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix interaction during cancer dissemination and colonization. Here, we review the mechanisms governing cellular plasticity of AST and EMT during the metastatic cascade and discuss therapeutic challenges posed by these two morphological adaptations to provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2013

We propose a cell structure for the fast switching of liquid crystals by the fringe field. By forming protrusion between patterned electrodes, we can obtain enhancement of response time. The protrusion reduces the effective cell gap, with which a fast response time can be realized. There is little decrease in the transmittance because the protrusion is located between patterned electrodes. We confirmed that the total response time can be decreased by 33% with little loss of the transmittance by optimizing the shape of the protrusion structure.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2009

파장 514.5 nm에서 8.4 um 두께의 ECB(Electically Controlled Birefringenence) 액정 셀과 1/4 파장판을 이용하여 간단하게 360도 이상으로 선형편광의 방향을 광손실없이 자유롭게 바꿀 수 있는 선형편광 회전기를 제안하고 이를 구현하였다. 이 선형편광 회전기의 편광도는 0.964이며, 1주일간의 시간적 변화도 ${\pm}1$도 정도로 시간적 안정성이 매우 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 이 선형편광기의 전압 대회전각의 비선형성 문제는 사용할 전압범위를 바꾸거나 이 선형편광 회전기의 회전각에 대한 피팅곡선을 사용하면 쉽게 해결할 수 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.635-640
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• 2005

In this paper, we have improved a novel high tilted optically compensated bend (OCB) (HTOCB) mode by using high tilt angle that was generated by the unique baking condition on the homeotropic alignment layer. The high tilt angle of liquid crystal (LC) was generated by new alignment process that tilt angle changed homeotropic state to homeogenous state using Hot-plate equipment; we obtained about $40\~50^{\circ}$ tilt angle with negative and positive dielectric anisotropy on the homeotropic polyimide (PI), and then LC tilt angle decreased as increasing baking temperature and time. At last, we obtained about $10^{\circ}$ with positive type NLC $({\Delta}n>0)$. Also, the LC tilt angle of positive type NLC $({\Delta}n>0)$ decreased as increasing rubbing strength at the same baking temperature and time. The novel LC operating mode (HTOCB) that used the high tilt angle by the new alignment method was improved. The response time of the novel HTOCB cell was faster than that of conventional OCB cell. We suggest that the developed the novel HTOCB cell using control of tilt angle on the homeotropic surface is a promising technique for the achievement of a fast response time and a high contrast ratio.

• 센서학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2012

In this paper, we present a pH measurement method that uses a microcantilever-array-based biosensor system. It is composed of microcantilever array, liquid cell, micro syringe pump, laser diode array, position sensitive detector, data acquisition device, and data processing software. Four microcantilevers are functionalized with pH-sensitive MHA(mercaptohexadecanoic acid) as a probe, while three microcantilevers are functionalized with HDT(hexadecane thiol) as reference. We prepare PBS(phosphate buffered saline) solutions of different pH and inject them into the liquid cell with a predefined volumetric speed at regular time intervals. The functionalized mircocantilevers in the liquid cell deflect as a self-assembled monolayer on the microcantilever binds with probe molecules in the solution. The difference in deflection between the MHA-covered probe microcantilever and the HDT-covered reference microcantilever was used to compensate for thermal drift. The deflection difference clearly increases with increasing pH in the solution. It was shown that when the pH values of the PBS solutions are high, there were large variations in the deflection of microcantilevers, whereas there were small variations for low pH value. The experimental results show that the microcantilever array functionalized with MHA and HDT can detect pH value with good repeatability.