• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.100-108
• /
• 2015

Objectives : This study was planned to examine the enhancing effect of Coptidis Rhizoma mask pack on water, oil contents and skin texture, and to check the possibility of commercialization. Methods : We measured the change of water, oil contents and skin texture before and after the use of Coptidis Rhizoma mask pack. Measuring was conducted twice at an interval of ten days using accurate SK-03 skin analyzer. Measuring site was right and left SI18 and CV24 acupoints. Results : We can examine the improvement of water, oil contents and skin texture on every acupoints measured, except for CV24. On CV24, no difference was observed from water contents of both 1st, 2nd visit, and skin texture of 1st visit. Conclusions : We could confirm the boosting effect of Coptidis Rhizoma mask pack on water, oil contents and skin texture, especially around the SI18 acupoints. We should take follow-up measures to improve the absorption of a liquid herbal medicine around the CV24 acupoint, and heighten the potential for commercialization.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2006

The objective of this work is to analyze the atomization and evaporation characteristics of dimethyl ether(DME) fuel for the application of HCCI diesel engine. In order to investigate the spray behavior of DME fuel, the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were investigated in terms of spray development, spray tip penetration, impingement time, SMD, and axial mean velocity under the various injection timing and ambient conditions. For the illumination of spray, the spray visualization system was composed of a Nd:YAG laser and an ICCD camera and laser-sheet method was used. The atomization characteristics of DME fuel are analyzed by using phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) system It was reveal that the spray development of DME is slower and rapidly disappeared as elapsed time after start of injection at the same injection duration. The impingement timing of diesel fuel was fester than that of DME fuel. The comparison of spray atomization characteristics in both fuels shows that diesel fuel has a large SMD value that DME.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2001

This paper describes the macroscopic behavior and atomization characteristics of the high-pressure gasoline swirl injector in direct-injection gasoline engine. The global spray behavior of fuel injector was visualized by shadowgraph technique. The atomization characteristics of gasoline spray such as mean diameter and mean velocity of droplets were measured by the phase Doppler particle analyzer system. The macroscopic visualization and experiment of particle measurement on the fuel spray were investigated at 7 and 10 MPa of injection pressure under different spray cone angle. The results of this work show that the geometry of injector was more dominant over the macroscopic characteristics of spray than the fuel injection pressure and injection duration. As for the atomization characteristics, the increase of injection pressure resulted in the decrease of fuel droplet diameter and the atomization characteristics differed as to the spray cone angle. The most droplets had under $25{\mu}m$ diameter and for the large droplets(upper $40{\mu}m$) as the spray grew the atomization presses were very slow. Comparison results between the measured droplet distribution and the droplet distribution functions revealed that the measured droplet distribution is very closed to the Normal distribution function and Nukiyama-Tanasawa's function.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 2014

In this study, characteristics of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter were investigated on the condition of DPF regeneration and normal DPF condition. THC, CO, $CO_2$, NOx, and $CH_4$ were analyzed by MEXA-7200H and CVS-7100 respectively. Particulate Matter (PM) was measured by difference in weight of Membrane filter. Particle Number (PN) was measured by CPC analyzer. And Sulfate, Nitrate, Organic were measured by Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). As a result, gaseous pollutants and particulate matter were detected in higher concentration during DPF regeneration than normal DPF condition. And the PN increased by 94%, the fuel consumption was reduced by 29% on DPF generation process. Sulfate, Nitrate and Organic were undetectable level during normal DPF condition. But the highest concentration of Sulfate, Nitrate and Organic were measured as $100{\mu}g/m^3$, $20{\mu}g/m^3$ and $15{\mu}g/m^3$ respectively on DPF regeneration condition. VOCs concentrations (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene) were analyzed by using PTR-MS. Benzene and Toluene emission have little or no change depending on DPF regeneration. But the Ethylbenzene and Xylene have comparatively low emissions on DPF regeneration.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2007

PEA(Print Evenness Analyzer) Module can be utilized as a tool to evaluate print mottle. The tester is de-signed to measure the uniformity of liquid penetration into paper at very short contact time. To evaluate effects of base paper properties on print mottle, the experiments were performed with 3 types of base pa-per whose sizing degree, roughness and porosity were varied. Coated papers were produced with high solid coating color (70%) and low solid coating color (67%). Uniformity of water absorption into base paper and coated paper was measured with PEA. It was found that, in order to minimize print mottle, base paper shall be produced with a high sizing degree and low roughness and the concentration of coating color shall be kept as high as possible, providing that it has proper rheology properties for coating process.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2017

In Korea, sales of passenger cars using diesel and LPG fuels were continuously increased in recent years. From now on 2030, the registrated vehicles will close in about twenty five million in Korea. From these reason, Investigation on the comparison of exhaust emission characteristics of passenger cars using LPG and Diesel fuel in variation of driving mode and ambient conditions were conducted in this study. Exhaust emission characteristics of test vehicles were measured and analyzed by using chassis dynamometer and emission analyzer. Also, test vehicles were selected on the diesel vehicle with 1.7L engine and LPG vehicle with 2.0L engine. In order to study on emission characteristics according to driving cycles, CVS-75, NEDC, US06, SC03, Cold-FTP and HWFET were applied and the test conditions were set up the cases of A/C on and hot start. From these results, it is revealed that the NOx emission of diesel vehicle was higher than that of LPG vehicle and the case of CO emission shows the opposite patterns. In the HC emission, the emission increasing patterns not showed but the NOx emission of diesel vehicle and CO emission of LPG vehicle were showed the variation patterns according to the various driving modes.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2013

The investigation was conducted to analyze the exhaust emission characteristics in diesel engine according to intake air mass flow. In this study, the test diesel engine with a 5,899 cubic centimeter displacement and power of the 260 ps was used to analyze the emission characteristics according to the intake air mass flow. In addition, the test modes were applied by the ND-13 and ETC mode. In order to analyze the emission characteristics, the engine dynamometer with 440 kW and emission gas analyzer (AMA-4000) were utilized. From the experimental results, it is revealed that the NOx and HC emissions in the intake air mass flow of large amount have high levels compared to those in the intake air mass flow of small amount in the ND-13 mode. However, the PM emission was shown the opposite trend in the NOx and HC emission due to the trade-off relation between the NOx and PM.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.152-157
• /
• 2012

This investigation decribes the effect of the combustion and emission characteristics of HCNG engine according to the high purity hydrogen contents. The HCNG fuel was made by the mixture with a high purity hydrogen ($H_2$) and a natural gas. The test vehicle was applied to the bi-fuel (Gasoline and CNG) system and this system was modified from the fuel supply and fuel tank. In addition, the three premixed HCNG fuels with mixed rate of 10, 20 and 30% of hydrogen were used to maintain the safety. In order to analyze the combustion characteristics of HCNG and CNG, the fuel was injected in the combustor with constant volume. The exhaust emission from light duty vehicle with bi-fuel system was analyzed by a chassis dynamometer and emission analyzer. From these results, the reduction rate of NOx emission increased in the HCNG fuel and emission amount of THC and CO shows a similar level with CNG fuel. This study can be utilized the basic data for the development of a new business plans related with HCNG engines.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 2017

Recently, manufacture and sales of passenger car with GDI (Gasoline Direct injection) were dramatically increased in Korea. In this study, investigation on the exhaust emission characteristics of GDI vehicles according to mileage were conducted by using chassis dynamometer and emission analyzer. Test cars selected 5 types with G4FD engine (1600 cc) and emissions of total 14 vehicles analyzed. Measurement and evaluation on emissions (CO, NOx, NMOG, $CO_2$) characteristics of GDI vehicles with mileages from 40,000 to 80,000 km in certification driving cycle (CVS-75) were carried out in this study. It is revealed that emission results of all test cars shows below emission standard, NMOG emission value of about 80,000 km doubled that of 40,000 km and emission increased by accumulated mileage. Also, increasing pattern of NOx emissions shows when the vehicle mileages was increased and $CO_2$ emission increasing trend obviously do not show according to mileages.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.1005-1014
• /
• 1996

An experimental investigation has been carried out to examine the influence of injector design variables and operating conditions on the resultant drop size for triplet impinging streams injectors. The variables studied in this investigation are pressure drop, impinging angle, orifice length to diameter ratio, and impinging point distance. Droplet-size data are obtained using water as the propellant simulant by Malvern Particle Analyzer System. Drop size decreases with increasing impinging angle and pressure drop while other injector parameters remain constant at the same point. But it is found that there is no noticeable droplet-size change which results from change in orifice length to diameter ratio or impinging point distance within the investigated range.