• 공업화학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.365-373
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• 1997

천연 고분자인 키토산의 1차 아민기를 아질산 나트륨에 의해 oxidative-deamination 반응을 일으켜 reducing end에 알데히드기를 갖는 키토산 올리고머를 얻었으며, 이를 수소화붕소산나트륨으로 환원하여 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol로 전환하였다. 얻어진 피토산 올리고머의 평균 중합도는 겔 투과 크로마토그래피를 통해 2정도임을 알 수 있었고, 키토산에 비해 친유성 유기 용매에 대한 높은 용해성을 나타내었다. 키토산 올리고머에 아실클로라이드를 4-디메틸아미노피리딘 촉매하에서 반응시켜 N,N-디아실, O-아실 키토산 올리고머를 합성하였다. 시차주사열량 분석을 실시한 결과 N,N-디라우로일, O-라우로일 키토산 올리고머의 경우 액정 영역을 나타내었고, 편광현미경을 통해 이를 확인할 수 있었다. X-선 회절분석 실험결과 키토산 올리고머와 달리 N,N-디라우로일, O-라우로일 키토산 올리고머는 높은 결정성 구조를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2011

Colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been commercialized as the typically stabilized form via the addition of a variety of surfactants or polymers. Herein, to examine the effects of stabilizing AgNPs in suspension, we modified the surface of bare AgNPs with four type of surfactants (NaDDBS, SDS, TW80, CTAB) and polymers (PVP, PAA, PAH, CMC). The modified AgNPs was applied to compare suspension stability and nanotoxicity test using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model organism. Modification of AgNPs surface using chemical stabilizer may be not related with molecular weight, but chemical structure such as ionic state and functional group of stabilizer. In this study, it is noteworthy that AgNPs modified with a cationic stabilizer (CTAB, PAH) were importantly toxic to E. coli, rather than anionic stabilizers (NaDDBS, SDS). Comparing similar anionic stabilizer, i.e., NaDDBS and SDS, the result showed that lipophilicity of chemical structure can affect on E. coli, because NaDDBS, which contains a lipophilic benzene ring, accelerated the cytotoxicity of AgNPs. Interestingly, none of the stabilizers tested, including biocompatible nonionic stabilizers (i.e., TW80 and cellulose) caused a reduction in AgNP toxicity. This showed that toxicity of AgNPs cannot be reduced using stabilizers.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.776-782
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop functional soybean paste with krill (Euphausiacea) as compared to a conventional soybean paste (S1). Soybean containing 10%, 20% and 30% (w/w) krill (S2~S4, respectively) was prepared and quality characteristics (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, ash, reducing sugar, pH, titratable acidity, total acidity and buffering power) were assessed during fermentation for 150 days. As well, antioxidative activities of krill soybean paste were compared to those of control soybean paste based on total phenolic compound content and free radical scavenging activity, including the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activity and the thiobarbituric acid value (TBA value). The moisture content of all samples decreased to 41.91~53.47% during fermentation, while the crude fat increased to 1.98~5.21% with increasing addition of krill. Additionally, crude protein increased slightly to 8.24~14.08% with increasing addition of krill after 120 days of fermentation. Ash content was 15.96~18.92%. The reducing sugar content of S2, S3 and S4 was higher than those of S1 with increasing length of fermentation. S2, S3, and S4 displayed progressive decreases in pH and progressive increases in titratable acidity compared to S1. The total acidity of all samples was increased, while the buffering power was decreased with increasing fermentation. Especially, the buffering power of S1 was lower than that of S2, S3 and S4. DPPH radical scavenging activity of lipophilic extracts from S2, S3 and S4 was slightly higher than those of S1. However, the radical scavenging activity of hydrophilic extracts from all samples had similar tendencies, regardless of the krill content or fermentation period. Total phenolics increased with increasing fermentation time and TBA value increased with increasing fermentation time and krill content.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.222-235
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• 2007

Background : Dandruff is a chronic scalp condition characterized by scaling. The common causative agent is now accepted to be the lipophilic Pityrosporum ovale. Obstecive : We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study to investigate the efficacy of Herbal Shampoo & Essense and placebo in patients with mild to moderate dandruff. Mathods : Forth-seven patients with dandruff were assigned to one of two treatment goups: Test (contaning the medication) or control (vehicle). After administering through randomizion, two groups were used with Negative sampoo for first two weeks, and used with test or control products for second two weeks. Results : 1. After 2 weeks of treatment, the numbers of P. ovale in test groups were decreased in a statistically meaningful way(p<0.01) compared with control groups. 2. After 2 weeks of treatment, average of sebum-amount in test groups were decreased from 117.55 to 92.88, in a statistically meaningful way(P<0.05, paired t-test) compared with control groups that were decreased from 115.53 to 112.46. 3. In clinical score, average of control groups is decreased from 2.82 to 1.09. on the other sides, average of test groups is decreased from 3.88 to 2.44. The change of test groups is bigger than that of control groups, both two groups was decreased in a statistically way(<0.01) Conclusion : The study demonstrated that Herbal Shampoo & Essense can be used by patients with scalf safely and effectively with almost no side-effect.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.560-565
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate any differences in the efficiency of various antioxidants for the three types of substrates such as corn oil in water (O/W) emulsion, water in com oil (W/O) emulsion, and bulky corn oil. ${\alpha}$-Tocopherol (${\alpha}$-Toc) at 0.01 or 0.02%, ascorbic acid (AsA), ascorbyl palmitate (AP), and BHT at 0.02% were added separately to the prepared O/W emulsion, W/O emulsion, and bulk oil, and their antioxidative effects were compared. The mixture of ${\alpha}$-Toc ind AsA or AP at the level of 0.02% also was tested to observe any synergistic effect. Oxidation was made by storing at 42${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$ for 25 days and the oxidative stability was determined by peroxide value and conjugated dienoic acid with time fluctuation of storage. The results were as follows: 1. In case of O/W emulsion, the order of antioxidative effect was AP> ${\alpha}$-Toc+AP>${\alpha}$-Toc+AsA>AsA>BHT. 2. In case of W/O emulsion, the order of antioxidative effect was AsA>AP>${\alpha}$-Toc+AsA>BHT. ${\alpha}$-Toc+AP mixture showed the prooxidant effect rather than synergistic effect. 3. In case of bulk oil, the order of antioxidative effect was AsA>AP>${\alpha}$-Toc+AsA>${\alpha}$-Toc+AP\ulcornerBHT. Therefore, AsA, a hydrophilic antioxidant, was more effective in W/O emulsion system than in O/W emulsion system, while the opposite trend was found in AP, a lipophilic antioxidant. AsA, a hydrophilic antioxidant, was more efficient in bulk oil of anhydrous substrate. ${\alpha}$-Toc showed prooxidant effects in all substrates.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1985

Using chelating agents such as Nitrilotriaceticacid(NTA), ticacid(DTPA) and Ethylenediaminenitrilotetraceticacid(EDTA), with TC-99m were determined in vitro and in vivo. Methods.of separation and determination of TC-99m-liposomes added chelating agents were practiced by thin layer chromatogram scan and gel filtration. Biodistributions of Tc-99m-liposomes in normal and sarcoma 180 cells bearing mice were observed. The results were as follows: 1) Maximum amount of $Sn^{+2}$ to reduction from pertechnetium$(10\sim20{\mu}ci)$ by adding 0, 1, 10 and $100{\mu}g$ of $SnCl_2$ in 0.2 ml of oxygen free water was $10{\mu}g$. 2) The large amounts of $SnCl_2$ were not changed but the small amounts of $SnCl_2$ were much changed by labeling with TC-99m to add chelating agents. EDTA in small amounts of $SnCl_2$ were reduced more strongly than DTPA or NTA. Using a hydrophilic chelate, DTPA, the uptake of liposomes could not accumulated in liver and spleen by a lipophilic chelate NTA were significant in vivo. 3) Uptake by tumor was achived 1.14% of injected dose per gram tissue and tumor to organ ratios were measured in low with TC-99m-NTA-liposomes(+).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2016

This study investigated the sensory characteristics (texture, odor, taste and color) of jerky produced from ground sea rainbow trout (SRT) Oncorhynchus mykiss frame muscle (FM). The hardness of the ground SRT-FM jerky was 453.9±91.0 g/cm², which was lower than that of commercial animal jerky (893.5±404.6 g/cm²) and commercial fish jerky (1,394.4±363.5 g/cm²). The difference in the hardness values of the ground SRT-FM jerky and commercial animal jerky was not significant. The volatile basic nitrogen content of the ground SRT-FM jerky was 48.3±1.6 mg/100 g, which was higher than that of commercial fish jerky (21.6±6.2 mg/100 g) and commercial animal jerky (18.2±6.3 mg/100 g). However, the fish odor of the ground SRT-FM jerky was masked by the presence of various additives. The hydrophilic and lipophilic browning indices of the ground SRT-FM jerky were higher than those of the commercial jerky. The total taste value of the ground SRT-FM jerky was 169.0, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. These results suggest that ground SRT-FM jerky would be acceptable to consumers.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1465-1471
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• 2008

지용성의 토코페롤이 갖고 있는 많은 생리활성 기능을 수용액 상태에서도 발현할 수 있도록 유지 용해성을 갖는 토코페롤을 친수성 및 친유성 계면활성제를 이용하여 수분산 기법으로 최적의 토코페롤 유화액을 제조하고 최적의 유화 critical micellization concentration(CMC)을 선정하고자 표면장력 및 유화액의 저장안정성을 측정하였다. 실험에 사용한 토코페롤의 분자량은 $340{\sim}360$ 정도였으며 유화모델은 O/O/W/W형으로 선정하였다. 유화안정성과 표면장력과의 상관관계를 살펴보면, 유화액의 표면장력이 $40{\sim}46\;dyne/cm$에서 안정성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 표면장력이 40 dyne/cm이하로 떨어졌을 경우에는 유화안정성이 낮아졌다. 토코페롤의 유화안정성 실험 결과, 20%, 30%, 40% 수용성 토코페롤 유화액 모두에서 hydrophobic 계통의 유화제로 polyglycerine polyricinoleate를 적용한 유화 에멀젼에서 유화안 정성이 높았으며, hydrophilic 계통의 유화제에서는 polyglycerine monostearate> polyglycerine monooleate> polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monooleate$\geq$ polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate 순으로 유화안정성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2010

Pluronic as pharmaceutical excipients are listed in the US and British Pharmacopoeia. In particular, Pluronics exist as different compositions and display abundant phases as self-assembling into polymeric micelles with various morphologies depending on the aqueous solvent quality, the composition of structure, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Pluronics were also known as a P-gp modulator, which was exploited as a reversal molecule of multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancers. We selected a lamella forming Pluronic L92 which has high hydrophobicity and relatively long PEO block among L series of Pluronics. The dispersion of L92 showed great size particles and low stability. To increase the stability and to decrease the particle size, secondary Pluronics (F68, F88, F98, F127, P85, P105, and P123) with relatively long PEO chain were added into 0.1 wt% Pluronic L92 dispersion. The stability of binary systems was increased due to incorporated long PEO chain. Their particle sizes slightly decreased to over 200~400 nm and their solubilization capacity of binary systems didn't change except Pluronic L92/P123 mixtures. The L92/P123 systems showed ca. 100 nm sizes and lowest turbidity among the all systems. The solubilization capacity of 0.1 wt% L92/0.1 wt% P123 was slightly increased compared to 0.1 wt% L92 mono system and other binary systems. These nano-sized binary systems may have potential as alternative drug delivery systems with simple preparation method and overcome the drawbacks of mono systems such as low stability and loading capacity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.8.1-8.9
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• 2018

Background: Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming has caused emergence of new pathogenic strains. The situation has warrented the development of safe and alternative growth promoters and immunity enhancers in livestock. Herbal additives in animal and bird feed is a centuries-old practice. Thus, the present study investigated the efficacy of a standardized formulation of lipophilic turmeric extract containing curcumin and turmerones, (TF-36), as a natural growth promoter poultry feed additive. Methods: The study was designed on 180 one-day old chicks, assigned into three groups. Control group ($T_0$) kept on basal diet and supplemented groups $T_{0.5}$ and $T_1$ fed with 0.5% and 1% TF-36 fortified basal diet for 42 days. Each dietary group consisted of six replicates of ten birds. Body weight, food intake, food conversion ratio, skin colour, blood biochemical analysis and antioxidant status of serum were investigated. Results: Body weight improved significantly in $T_1$ with a 10% decrease in FCR as compared to the control. TF-36 supplementation in $T_1$ enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity significantly (p < 0.05) with a decrease (p < 0.05) in lipid peroxidation. It also caused a slight yellow skin pigmentation without any change in meat color, indicating the bioavailability of curcumin from TF-36. However, no significant change in the concentration of serum creatinine, total protein and liver enzyme activities were observed, indicating the safety. Conclusion: In summary, we concluded that TF-36 can be a natural feed additive to improve growth performance in poultry, probably due to the better antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effects contributed by the better bioavailability of curcuminoids and turmerones. Besides, curcuminoids and turmerones were also known to be gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents.