• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.673-676
• /
• 1991

Lipids and protein were extracted simultaneously from soybean flour by aqeous processing. Extraction yields of lipids and protein were 62 and 68%, respectively, when 120-150 mesh full-fat soybean flour was dispersed in six times of water (w/w) at $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 8. Supplementary treatment for the higher extraction yields such as proteolytic enzymes treatment improved extraction yields of lipids and protein up to 86 and 89%, respectively. Ultrasonification also improved extraction yields of lipids and protein up to 90%. Red and yellow colors of aqeous-extracted soybean oil were slightly darker than those of hexane-extracted oil, but were much lighter in colors than those of Folch-extracted oil.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 1985

The extraction rate of lipids from the chopped whole fish was studied with various solvents. Factors which can influence on the extraction rate such as temperature, moisture content, agitation speed and solvent were also examined. In the early stage of extraction, it is considered that the rapid extraction was attributed to cell destruction which occurs in chopping the whole fish and in the later stage, the extraction rate was increased linearly with extraction time. The effect of agitation on the extraction rate had a great influence on the early stage of extraction. In agitation speed of 100, 200, 300 and 500 r.p.m. the slopes of extraction curve were -0.075, -0.075, -0.069 and -0.064, respectively. Extractability between hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvent showed a great difference. It is suggested that extractability difference between acetone and isopropyl alcohol is due to acetone property which can not extract phospholipids in polar lipids. Extractability of lipids was increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing moisture content.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2018

The most energy-intensive processes in lipids extraction were the disruption of the cell wall of microalgae. Here, we tried to extract lipids through lysis using virus-infecting microalgae, to compare with those by the other two methods using microwave or ultrasonication. The lipids yield using viral infection was not significantly different from those using ultrasonication and microwave oven. This suggests that the same amount of lipids can be obtained with low energy and costs, as well as that microalgal lipids extraction by chlorella virus infection might provide the price competitiveness in biodiesel production even if it will be applied to mass production facilities.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2009

Lipids were extracted from marine rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis in order to examine the functionality of lipid enzymatic modification. The fatty acids, palmitic, linoleic, oleic and stearic acids were the dominant forms accounting for approximately 35.8%, 21.5%, 15.9% and 7.7% of the total lipid content, respectively. Lipid fractions were categorized as neutral lipids (38.5%), glycolipids (45.9%) and phospholipids (17.6%), and after extraction from the rotifer were isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as free fatty acids (FFA), monoacylglycerol (MAG), diacylglycerol (DAG) and triacylglycerol (TAG). The production of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrate from rotifer lipids was studied using lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis. In addition, rotifer lipids were modified by hydrolysis using lipases such as porcine pancreas, Candida rugosa and Rhizomucor miehei. The lipase from Rhizomucor miehei was effective in extracting linoleic acid (C 18:2), while the lipase from Candida rugosa was effective in palmitic acid (C16:0) extraction.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.28 no.11
• /
• pp.927-933
• /
• 2019

A lipid-enriched strain of Botryococcus braunii (UTEX 572) was cultivated in a semi-batch aeration tank to enhance biomass as well as to develop intracellular lipids and fatty acids. A 30 day period of incubation produced 1.39 g/L of biomass and 0.31 g/L of total lipids in the biomass. The grown biomass was pre-treated using several methods to extract the total lipid content efficiently: ultrasonication was found to yield the highest percentage of lipids-namely 19.8% per biomass. Direct heating of biomass in an autoclave also showed better performance than when using only conventional solvent extraction. To enhance the biomass harvest and lipid extraction efficiency, coagulation and flocculation steps were added to the extraction process. It is noteworthy that not only the solvent type but also the solvent/biomass ratio greatly affected efficiency. In addition, the moisture content of the harvested(wet) biomass affected the efficiency significantly. This study elucidated the need for future research on optimizing this extraction process.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2006

A study was conducted to develop optimal conditions for a large-scale, sequential separation method for value-added components from egg yolk. Starting with liquid egg yolk, immunoglobulin Y (IgY), phospholipids, and neutral lipids were extracted sequentially using water, ethanol, and n-hexane. The remainder was yolk proteins. Adjusting the pH of diluted egg yolk to pH 5.0-5.2 decreased phospholipids content in the supernatant after centrifugation, which was very important for preventing clogging problem of ultrafiltration filters during the subsequent concentration step for IgY separation. Extraction of precipitants after centrifugation with four volumes of 100% ethanol once removed most of the phospholipids and the purity of phospholipids was more than 85% (wt.) after drying. The subsequent extraction of precipitant from ethanol extraction with four volumes of hexane 3 times removed neutral lipids almost completely and resulted in a high protein product with minimal lipids. The sequential separation method is considered to be advantageous for large-scale separations of many valuable components from egg yolk.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1999

The extraction characteristics of lipids from powdered sea mustard have been investigated by the use of supercritical carbon dioxide($SC-CO_2$) and cosolvents. The extraction rate was increased as the particle size of the sea mustard is smaller, the pressure is higher, the temperature is lower, and the quantities of the fluid is more. However, the extraction yield of lipids from sea mustard was almost constant at a given condition. The optimum extraction condition was determined with the extraction yield of $1.45wt\%$ at 300um of particle size, 313K of $SC-CO_2$ temperature, 13.8MPa of pressure, and 30L/min of flow rate. Ethanol was the most efficient cosolvent among ethanol, methanol, and hexane. The extraction yield was increased at about 2.21times by the addition of ethanol as a cosolvent to $SC-CO_2$. As the residence time and the average concentration of lipids were decreased, the mass transfer parameter($k_fa$) was increased. But the opposite result was obtained when the ethanol was used as cosolvent.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.179-185
• /
• 1985

The effect of temperature and ethanol concentration on lipids yield and free fatty acids were investigated during 1-5 times of 8 hours extraction. The crude lipids recovered was generally increased as the ethanol concentration increased while it was decreased at higher extraction temperature. Fatty acids composition in free fatty acids showed linoleum and plasmatic acids to be the major fatty acids, accounting 60% of 16 fatty acids identified. Fatty acids pattern was little affected by the changes in ethanol concentration while increase in temperature resulted significant changes in fatty acids composition.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2011

Various single solvents were tested to find the effective solvent for the extraction of algae oil from wet-form Chlorella minutissima. In the case of single solvents, their extractabilities for algae oil were increased with their polarity because the water in wet algae cell is to form a solvent shell around the lipids. Based on these results, the wet-form algae samples were treated with a polar alcohol solvent and then a nonpolar solvent was added in algae residue. In the algae oil extraction by ethanol/n-hexane, total lipid contents were 40-50% and composition of triglyceride in extracted oil was 46.50%. Considering solvent toxicity of conventional solvent mixture such as chloroform and methanol for algae oil extraction, the ethanol/n-hexane system was identified as the effective one for the oil extraction from wet-form Chlorella minutissima.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.281-285
• /
• 2015

An oleaginous fungus was isolated from soil and identified as Mortierella sp. (M-12) for producing arachidonic acid (AA). Cell disruption methods, extraction methods, and particle sizes of freeze-dried biomass were tested to achieve maximum extraction of total lipids and AA. M-12 grown in glucose yeast media at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days contained 35.5% total lipid, and 47% of the total lipid was AA. Lipid extraction yield from wet biomass was shown to be similar to that in a dry state. Maximum lipid extraction was achieved using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1) as an extraction solvent. Different mechanical cell disruption methods did not affect lipid extraction yields. The smaller the particle size of the biomass, the better the lipid extraction yield was observed. Particle size of biomass was shown to more strongly affect lipid extraction than extraction time. The highest AA content was observed in the class of neutral lipids.