• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2002

A survey was under taken of six district of Northern India viz. Bareilly, Pilibhit, Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital, Almora and Rampur. The age, breed, sex and physiological status recorded. A total number of 854 cattle examined out of which lactating (274 cases), non lactating (302 cases) heifers (128 cases), calves (82 cases) and adult male (68 cases) were examined. An incidence of 4.92 percent (42) of microfilarisis was recorded. The highest prevalence was observed in Rudrapur District of Udham Singh Nagar (33.33%, 4/12), followed by Lalkaun in Nanital District (21.74%, 10/46), Rampur (12.50%, 2/16), Bareilly (8.16%, 8/98) and Pilibhit (1.22%, 1/82). No infection was observed in Almora region. Amongst 854 cattle of different group incidence was highest in adult male (12.20%, 10/82), followed by non lactating (3.82%, 12/314) and lactating (2.70%, 2/74), (7.64%, 12/157) was found in Heifers. For haemeto-biochemical, serum minerals estimations and therapeutic study 32 animals suffering from filariasis and 18 healthy animals were taken. 16 animals were treated with ivermectin $@200{\mu}g/kg $ body weight. Effect of this disease on production has also been estimated for which body weight and milk production was observed. The main clinical manifestations observed were anaemia, loss of appetite, debility, oedematous swelling especially in the abdominal region, increased heart rate, and respiration rate. Haematological changes indicated decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, erthrocyte fragility and neutrophil, whereas there was significant increase in erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte and eosinophils. Biochemical changes showed significant reduction in the values of serum albumin, A : G ratio, where as there was significant increase in blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), globulin, total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipids, serum bilirubin. Serum mineral profile also altered markedly, which indicate a significant decrease in Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn with increase value of Na and Cl. There was no significant change in P and K values. Enzyme pattern in micro filaria infected animal indicated increased level of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. In blood gas values and acid/base balance, there was an increase in $PVCo_2$ and $PVo_2$. It has been observed that microfilaria infected cattle showed decrease in body weight and milk production. Animal treated with ivermectin showed the return of these above values toward normalcy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.375-386
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the changes in energy substrates, glucose and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA), and fatty acid compositions in serum, following physiolgical stress in rats fed diets containing various fatty acids. Forty two Sprague-Dawley strain male rats, weighing 108$\pm$2.1g, were fed 3 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. The diets were composed of 105 fat(w/w) of either corn oil(CO;18:2 n6:57%), plant perilla oil(PO;18:3 n3:59%), or tuna fish oil(FO;20:5 n3:17%%, 22:6 n3:19%). After 4 weeks of feeding, each group wa subdiveided into (a) control, (b) 2 min swim in ice-cold water. Animals wer decapitated 20min after commencing the swim; trunk blood, brain, liver and epididymal fat pad were obtained. The levels of serum corticosterone, glucose, NEFA, triglyceride, fatty acid compositions, brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined. Basal levels of corticosterone na NEFA of serum were significantly lower in fish oil fed animals than those of any other oil fed animals. Compared to either perilla oil-fed or corn oil-fed rats, cold swim stress in fish oil fed rats produced significantly smaller NEFA and larger corticosterone responses. However, there was no significant difference in basal levels of serum glucose. Stress increased serum glucose levels slightly, and the amount of increment was larger in fish oil rats than those of any other oil fed rats than those of any other oil fed rats, although all the values were normal level. Dietary fats and stress did not affect serotonin metabolism. In additions, the composition of fatty acids in serum was significantly affected by the dietary compostion of fatty acids and stress. Stress induced decreases in monounsaturated fatty acid and non-polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration in either perilla oil fed or fish group, but did not in corn oil fed group. Stress resulted in changes in fatty acid metabolism similar to that associated with essential fatty acid(EFA) dificiency, when feeding animals n-3 fatty acids in diet. In conclusion, feeding fish oil was more effective to decrease NEFA in serum than feeding perilla oil or corn oil and improved lipid metabolism, when the rats were maintained in normal or exposed to stressful environment. However, the fact that feeding diet containing n-3 fatty acids decreased EFA status under stress suggests that the requirement of n-6 PUFA should be increased in these groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2012

Cherry silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora) contains bioactive phenolics. This study was conducted to determine whether feeding cherry silverberry wine (CSW) to rats would alleviate the progress of alcoholic fatty liver. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided by weight into the following three groups. Two groups of rats were fed 6.7% ethanol or the caloric equivalent Lieber-DeCarli diet containing maltose-dextrin, and the other group an isocaloric Lieber-DeCarli diet containing CSW at the same ethanol level for 6 weeks. CSW's flavonoids, its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, serum transaminases, serum and hepatic lipids, and liver histology were examined. Our results showed that CSW exerted significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. The serum activities of alanine and aspartate transminases were markedly decreased by CSW at 6 weeks. Also, CSW feeding resulted in significant reductions in blood cholesterol and triglyceride. The development of alcoholic fatty liver was significantly delayed by lowering fat accumulation. Taken together, these results indicate that CSW may help protect the liver against alcoholic fatty liver by improving serum and hepatic lipid status. This may be associated with the protective effect of CSW on alcoholic fatty liver via bioactive phenolic compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1525-1532
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hot water extract from Cornus walteri Wanger (CWE) on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), concentrations of cellular lipid peroxidation products and reduced glutathione, and antioxidant enzyme activity were used as biomakers of cellular oxidative status. Cells pretreated with CWE (25~200 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed an increased resistance to oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, as revealed by a higher percentage of surviving cells compared to control cells. ROS generation induced by TBHP was significantly reduced when cells were pretreated with 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ CWE for 4 h. Pretreatment with CWE (5~50 ${\mu}g/mL$) prevented the decrease in reduced glutathione and the increase in malondialdehyde and ROS evoked by TBHP in HepG2 cells. Finally, CWE pretreatments prevented the significant increase of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase activities induced by TBHP. These results show that CWE has significant protective ability against a TBHP-induced oxidative insult and that the modulation of antioxidant enzymes by CWE may have an important antioxidant effect on TBHP-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.208-213
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• 2004

In this study, we examined the effects of dietary 1,3-diacylglycerol (DG) compared to conventional triacylglycerol (TG) oil on the postprandial response of total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA). This study was conducted using a cross-over design. Ninety subjects participated in the high-fat meal tolerance test where they were randomly assigned to consume two experimental sandwiches containing mayonnaise with TG or DG oil with a seven-day interval. Blood samples were collected before ingestion and at 2, 3, 4 and 6 hr time point after ingestion and analyzed for total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin, FFA and phospholipid fatty acid composition. Both TG and DG ingestion had similar effects on postprandial TG response, but a different response from chylomicron TG. Compared with the TG group, TG levels were significantly lower only at 6 hr time point in the DG group. On the other hand, chylomicron TG rose steeply at 2 hr time point and decreased faster in this group. Also, the adjusted value to fasting levels was the same as the unadjusted level. Fasting levels and net differences in insulin were significantly lower at 3 hr time point where chylomicron TG levels were significantly lower in the DG group. But those of glucose and FFA in the TG and DG groups did not differ significantly. Fasting and postprandial levels of fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids in the two groups did not differ significantly. In conclusion, this study indicated that one could reduce the magnitude of postprandial lipemia without influencing glucose metabolism by consumning DG oil as a substitute for TG oil. Based on the correlation of coronary artery disease and postprandial lipemia, dietary DG ingestion might have a beneficial effect in treating such a disease. Further studies are required to clarify the long-tenn effects of dietary DG on blood lipid levels in humans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.829-836
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between dietary, blood and urinary levels of lead and blood pressure and serum lipids in 30 healthy adult living in rural area of Korea. Analysis for the nutritional status of subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hour urine collection, and venous blood sampling before anthropometry. The mean daily intakes of lead estimated for 3 days was $120.1{\pm}22.0\mu\textrm{g}$. The blood levels and 24-hour urinary excretion of lead were $10.8{\pm}3.6\mu\textrm{g}/dl\;and\;36.5{\pm}9.5\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were $113.0{\pm}16.9mmHg\;and\;76.7{\pm}12.1\;mmHg$. The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ were $158.8{\pm}32.9mg/dl,\;104.6{\pm}48.8mg/dl,\;45.7{\pm}9.9mg/dl,\;92.2{\pm}28.5mg/dl\;and\;426.4{\pm}141.5mg/dl$, respectively. There was no significance in the relation between lead and blood pressure. In the relation between lead and serum lipids, it showed negative correlation with lead intake and HDL-choleterol at the level of significance of p<0.01. But there was no significance in the relation between lead and serum levels of otehr lipids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.907-915
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• 2014

Alpha-lipoic acid (${\alpha}$-LA) is not only involved in energy metabolism, but is also a powerful antioxidant that can protect against hepatic oxidative stress induced by some drugs, toxins, or under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigated the effect of ${\alpha}$-LA against liver oxidative damage in broilers exposed to aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$). Birds were randomly divided into four groups and assigned different diets: basal diet, 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA supplementation in basal diet, diet containing 74 ${\mu}g/kg$ $AFB_1$, and 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA supplementation in diet containing 74 ${\mu}g/kg$ $AFB_1$, for 3 weeks. The results revealed that the addition of 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA protected against the liver function damage of broilers induced by chronic low dose of $AFB_1$ as estimated by a significant (p<0.05) change in levels of plasma total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and the activities of liver glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. The histopathological analysis also showed that liver tissues were injured in the $AFB_1$ diet, but this effect was alleviated by the addition of 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA. Additionally, $AFB_1$ induced a profound elevation of oxidative stress in birds, as indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde level, a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity and a depletion of the glutathione content in the liver. All of these negative effects were inhibited by treatment with ${\alpha}$-LA. Our results suggest that the inhibition of $AFB_1$-induced excess production of lipid peroxides and the maintenance of intracellular antioxidant status may play important roles in the protective effects of ${\alpha}$-LA against $AFB_1$-induced oxidative damage in the liver.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.6.1-6.11
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• 2016

Background: Dietary supplementation of unsaturated fats in ruminants, if not stabilized, can instigate oxidative stress which can have negative impact on production performance and enhance the susceptibility to various diseases. The current study examined the effect of dietary 80 % canola oil and 20 % palm oil blend (CPOB) on serum fatty acids, antioxidant profile and biochemical indices in goats. Thirty Boer bucks (4-5 months old; initial BW, $20.34{\pm}0.77kg$) were randomly assigned to diets containing 0, 4 or 8 % CPOB and fed daily for a period of 90 days. Blood was sampled from the goats on 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of the trial and the serum was analyzed for fatty acids, cholesterol, glucose, total protein, antioxidants and lipid oxidation. Results: Neither diet nor sampling time influenced serum TBARS value, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and total protein. Goats fed 4 and 8 % CPOB had higher (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol than the control goats on day 30, 60 and 90. The proportion of C15:0 decreased with increasing level of CPOB on day 30 and 60. Serum C18:1n-9 increased with increasing level of CPOB in diet on day 60. The proportion of C18:3n-3 and C22:5n-3 increased (P < 0.05), while the proportion of C18:2n-6 decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in the level of CPOB on day 60 and 90. Dietary CPOB did not affect serum total carotenoid and ${\delta}$-tocopherol but did increase (P < 0.05) ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol. Conclusion: Dietary canola oil and palm oil blend could be supplemented in diets without instigating oxidative stress in goats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.388-393
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of rutin against whole-body ${\gamma}$-irradiation in BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to 6 Gy ${\gamma}$-irradiation. One hour later, mice were orally administered rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days. ${\gamma}$-Irradiation (6 Gy) resulted in cellular damage as manifested by elevated levels of plasma hepatic marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue, accompanied with decreased spleen and thymus indices, and white blood cell count. In addition, ${\gamma}$-irradiation significantly decreased the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Rutin treatment significantly protected against ${\gamma}$-irradiation-induced cellular damage, which was evident by the improvement in the status of most of the investigated parameters. Therefore, rutin has beneficial effects against radiation-induced damage.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examin height, weight and body composition nutrient intakes and serum lipids for high school girls in urban and fishing area. The subjects consisted of 78(44 fishing and 34 urban) high school girls aged in average 17.3 and 17 years. Their dietary intakes were assesed for 1 day by means of 24 hours dietary recall method. Concentrations of serum lipids, percentage of body fat and volume of total body water were measured. The mean energy intake of the subjects were 1431 ㎉ in fishing and 1659 ㎉ in urban area. The subjects in fishing area(urban) consumed 58(67) g protein, 27(36) g lipid, 459(634) mg calcium, 676(945) mg phosphorous, 11(14) mg iron, 786(574) RE retinol, 2.8(3.6) mg tocopherol, 0.9(1.0) mg thiamin, 1.2(1.1) mg riboflavin, 16.9(20.5) mg niacin and 64.1(92.8) mg ascorbic acid, respectively. Energy, calcium, iron and tocopherol intakes were lower than the Korean RDA in both girls. The mean percentage of fishing girls were 19.8% and significantly lower than 25.6% in urban. These values seem to fall in the desirable range in fishing girls, but high school girls in urban is seemed to overweight. The mean saturated fatty acid(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) and dietary cholesterol(Chol) intakes were 7.3 g, 8.1 g, 7.2 g and 263 mg for fishing girls were 13.1 g, 12.1 g, 9.1 g and 216 mg for urban girls respectively. The fat, SFA and MUFA intakes in fishing girls were significantly lower than urban girls. The P/M/S ratio was 0.9/1.1/1 for fishing, was 0.7/0.9/1 for urban. The mean serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 77.7(61.8) mg/dl, 124.5(142.3) mg/dl, 59.3(22.4) mg/dl and 49.6(107.8) mg/dl in fishing girls(urban girls), respectively. All of these values seem to fall in the desirable range but HDL-chlesterol concentrations in fishing girls were significantly higher than urban girls and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in fishing girls were significantly lower than urban girls. There were positive correlations between body fat percent and total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol concentration : negative correlations between between body fat percent and HDL-cholesterol concentration : positive correlation between fat intake and LDL-cholesterol concentration : negative correlations between serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and fat or SFA or MUFA intakes. (Korean J Human 1(1) : 81~93, 1998)