• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.628-636
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• 1998

LB layers L-$\alpha$-DLPC deposited by LB method were deposited onto n-type silicon wafer as Z-type film. Films made up of 8, 16 layers of lipid with long alkyl chain and the thickness of monolayer and multiayers was determined by ellipsometry. Ut was deposited Ag and Al onto LB layers and silicon wafer for electrode and small electrode exhibit high capacitiance and low lekage current. The C-V curves of the MLS capacitor shows very high saturation value of capacitance. And cross-sectional SEM image of MLD capacitor indicated the presence of pore with Al electrode and we found that the Ag is good for electrode metal.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.155-158
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• 1998

MLS capacitor with lipid ultra thin films were deposited by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method on the sillicon wafer. The current versus voltage and capacitance versus voltage relationships are depend on the applied voltage, electrode area and electrode materials. LB films deposited were made of L-$\alpha$-DLPC, the 1 layer's thickness of 35$\AA$ was measured by ellipsometer. And MLS capacitor with different electrode materials, the work function of these materials was investigated to increase the leakage current. The result indicated the lower leakage current and very high saturation value of capacitance was reached within 700-800 pF when the two electrode was Ag. And $\varepsilon$$_1$, $\varepsilon$$_2$ versus photon energy showed good film formation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.69-82
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• 1994

해조류를 첨가한 사료가 조피볼락의 어린 시기에 미치는 생리적 효과를 알아보기 위하여, 전장 $2.99{\pm}0.23\;cm$, 체중 $1.03{\pm}0.18\;g$의 인공종묘에게 미역분말을 각각 $3\%,\;5\%,\;7\%$ 첨가한 사료와 비첨가 사료를 주면서 140일간 사육하여 전장$18.52{\pm}1.07\;cm$, 체중 $120.64{\pm}19.32\;g$이 될 때까지의 어체 성장, 생존율, 체조성, 혈액조성을 서로 비교하고, 저산소 및 기아 내성에 관한 생리활성을 연구하였다. 1. 전장과 체중의 성장은 $5\%$의 미역 첨가시 가장 좋았으며, $3\%,\;7\%$, 대조구인 $0\%$ 순이었다. 2. 실험구별 사료효율은 $3\%,\;5\%,\;7\%,\;0\%$구의 순으로 높았으며, 생존율은 $7\%,\;5\%,\;3\%,\;0\%$구 순이었다. 3. 사육종료시의 체조성에 있어 등 근육의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분은 실험구별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 전내장의 조지방 함량은 미역 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 많았다. 4. 미역 첨가구는 $0\%$구 보다 헤마토크릿트값이 크고, 평균적혈구수도 많았다. 5. 실험종료시 사료별 어체의 저산소내성은 미역 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 강했다. 6. 사육실험 종료후 31일간의 기아 실험에서 미역 첨가구의 어체중은 대조구에 비해 적게 감소하였다. 7. 조피볼락 양식에서 사료에 미역을 첨가해 줄 경우, 그 비율은 $5\%$가 가장 적합하며 어체의 생리조건에 좋은 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.517-527
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• 1997

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging is a methodology combining the imaging and spectroscopy. It can provide the spectrum of each areas of image so that one can easily compare the spectrum of one position to another position of the image. In this study, we developed pulse sequence or the spectroscopic imaging method, RF wave forms or the saturation of water signal, computer simulations to validate our method, and confirmed the methodology with phantom experiment. Then we applied the spectroscopic method to human subject and identified a few important metabolites in in vivo. To develope a water saturating RF waveform, we used Shinnar-Le-Roux algorithm and obtained maximum phase RF waveform. With this RF pulse, it could suppress the water signal to 1:1000. The magnet is shimmed to under 1.0ppm with auto-shimming technique. The saturation bandwidth is 80Hz(2ppm). The water and fat seperation is 3.3ppm(about 140Hz at 1 Tesla magnet), the bandwidth is enough to resolve the difference. But we are more concerned about the narrow window in between the two peaks, in which the small quantity of metabolites reside. We performed the computer simulation and phantom experiments in 8*8 matrix form and showed good agreement in the image and spectrum. Finally we applied spectroscopic imaging to the brain of human subject. Only the lipid signal was shown in the periphery region which agrees with the at distribution in human head surface area. The spectrum inside the brain shows the important metabolites such as NAA, Cr/PCr, Choline. We here have shown the spectroscopic imaging which is normally done above 1.5 Tesla machine can be performed in the 1 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2013

Microalgae are receiving an increasing attention because of their potential use as $CO_2$ capture method and/or as feedstock for biofuels production. On the other hand the current microalgae-based technology is still not widespread since it is characterized by technical and economic constraints that hinder its full scale-up. In such contest the growth kinetics of Nannochloris eucaryotum (a relatively unknown marine strain) in batch and semi-batch photobioreactors is quantitatively investigated with the aim of obtaining the corresponding kinetic parameters suitable for process engineering and its optimization. In particular the maximum growth rate was evaluated to be 1.99 $10^{-3}\;h^{-1}$. Half saturation concentrations for nitrates ($K_N$) and phosphates uptake ($K_P$) were evaluated as 5.4 $10^{-4}\;g_N\;L^{-1}$ and 2.5 $10^{-5}\;g_P\;L^{-1}$, respectively. Yield factors for nitrogen ($Y_N$) and phosphorus ($Y_P$) resulted to be 5.9 $10^{-2}\;g_N\;g^{-1}$ biomass and 6.0 $10^{-3}\;g_P\;g^{-1}{_{biomass}}$, respectively. The possibility of using 100% (v/v) $CO_2$ gas as carbon source is also evaluated for the first time in the literature as far as N. eucaryotum is concerned. The strain showed a good adaptability to high concentrations of dissolved $CO_2$ as well as to low pH. The lipid content under 100% $CO_2$ is about 16.16 %wt $wt^{-1}$ and the fatty acid methyl esters composition of the extracted oil is in compliance with the European regulation for quality biodiesel.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.235-239
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• 1997

Chlorococcum littorale has been grown in high $CO_2$ concentrations to utilize $CO_2$ gas in the polluted air. The effect of incident light intensity on the specific growth rate is expressed by a photoinhibition model, showing half- saturation constant, $K_0\;as\;8\;(W/m^2)$ and inhibition constant, Ki as 35 $(W/m^2)$. The maximum specific growth rate was also estimated as 0.095 (1/day) under this condition. This strain maintained the optimum growth rate in 20% of $CO_2$ gas but 50% of input $CO_2$ gas is the maximum concentration considering the economical efficiency. The maximum Specific $CO_2$ consumption rate, $qCO_2$ was measured as 17.48 (mg $CO_2/g$ dry wt./day) in batch cultivation, 11.2 (mg $CO_2/g$ dry wt./day) in fed-batch cultivation and 10.87 (mg $CO_2/g$ dry wt./day) at 0.065 (1/day) of dilution rate in continuous cultivation. The chemical composition of the biomass obtained from this process showed 32.5% of protein, 27.5% of lipid, 16.5% of carbohydrate and ash 11.7%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Background: Recently, we identified a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, called gintonin. We showed that gintonin induces $[Ca^{2+}]i$ transient-mediated morphological changes, proliferation, and migration in cells expressing lysophosphatidic acid receptors and that oral administration of gintonin exhibits anti-Alzheimer disease effects in model mice. However, little is known about the intestinal absorption of gintonin. The aim of this study was to investigate gintonin absorption using two model systems. Methods: Gintonin membrane permeation was examined using a parallel artificial membrane permeation assay, and gintonin absorption was evaluated in a mouse everted intestinal sac model. Results: The parallel artificial membrane permeation assay showed that gintonin could permeate an artificial membrane in a dose-dependent manner. In the everted sac model, gintonin absorption increased with incubation time (from 0 min to 60 min), followed by a decrease in absorption. Gintonin absorption into everted sacs was also dose dependent, with a nonlinear correlation between gintonin absorption and concentration at 0.1-3 mg/mL and saturation at 3-5 mg/mL. Gintonin absorption was inhibited by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and the sodiumeglucose transporter inhibitor phloridzin. Moreover, lipid extraction with methanol also attenuated gintonin absorption, suggesting the importance of the lipid portion of gintonin in absorption. This result shows that gintonin might be absorbed through passive diffusion, paracellular, and active transport pathways. Conclusion: The present study shows that gintonin could be absorbed in the intestine through transcellular and paracellular diffusion, and active transport. In addition, the lipid component of gintonin might play a key role in its intestinal absorption.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1988

Cholesterol의 주요한 대사산물인 중성steroids와 담즙산의 배설에 관한 내용은 cholesterol 대사를 이해하는데 있어 중요한 부분이다. 식이지방이 steroids의 배설에 미치는 효과에 대하여 아직 일치된 견해가 없어 본 실험에서는 식이지방의 수준(식이에너지의 15, 30 및 45% 과 P/S 비율(0.5 및 1.0)을 달리한 실험식이를 흰쥐에 4주간 급여하여 분변을 통한 총지질, 중성steroids 및 총담즙산배설에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중증가량, 식이섭취량 및 식이변전율은 cholesterol이 섭취되지 않은 경우나 섭취된 경우 모두 P/S 비율에 관계없이 식이지방의 수준에 유의적인 영향을 받았다. 지질소화율은 cholesterol이 섭취되지 않은 경우나 섭취된 경우 모두 P/S 비율에 관계없이 식이지방의 수준에 비례하여 유의적으로 증가하였다. 분변량, 총지질배설량, 중성steroids배설량과 그 조성 및 총담즙산배설량은 식이지방의 수준이나 P/S 비율에 따른 일관성 있는 영향을 나타내지 않았다. Cholesterol의 섭취는 체중증가량과 식이변전율을 유의적으로 향상시켰으며, 총지질배설량을 유의적으로 감소시켰고, 지질소화율을 증가시키고 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 중성 steroids배설량을 증가시키는 경향을 나타내면서, coprostanol의 조성비율을 감소시켰고 coprostanone의 조성비율을 증가시켰다. 반면에 총담즙산배설량은 감소시켰다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 1998

The present study was designed to compare the nutrient intake and iron status of athletic female students majoring in aerobics (n=18) to those of age-matched(20-22 yr) sedentary controls (n=19). The athletic students were exercising regularly for 9.1$\pm$1.4 hrs/wk and the mean training period of aerobics was 2.9$\pm$0.2 years. Means of height, weight, and body mass index calculated as the Quetlet index were similar between athletic and sedentary students. However, mean body fat % of the athletic students (22.3$\pm$1.0%) was significantly lower than that of the sedentary controls (25.8$\pm$0.6%), indicating the effects of routine exercise. Mean daily iron intake was not significantly different between groups (9.9$\pm$0.7 mg vs. 10.9$\pm$0.8 mg), but much lower than the Korean RDA (18 mg/d) in both groups. Dietary calcium intake of the athletic students was significantly lower than that of the sedentary controls. Hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb) values were significantly lower in the athletic students than in the sedentary students (Hct : 40.0$\pm$0.7% vs. 43.8$\pm$0.5% ; Hb : 12.6$\pm$0.3g/dl vs. 14.8$\pm$0.3 g/dl). However, other iron status values such as serum iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation were not significantly different between groups. Therefore, the low hemoglobin levels in the athletic group are probably due to plasma dilution in endurance-trained individuals. Serum ferritin level was a little lower in the athletic group, but no significant difference between groups was found. Serum triglyceride concentration in the athletic students was significantly lower than that in the control students. In conclusion the findings suggest that regular training of female athletes majoring in aerobics is associated with an increased risk of pseudoanemia due to plasma volume expansion and a decreased risk of coronary heart disease by decreasing body fat and blood lipid level.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2395-2400
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• 2016

암 환자들을 대상으로 하는 항암치료법은 나노입자, 폴리머 중합체, 지질, 리포솜 등을 치료 전달체로 이용하여 항암치료를 진행하는 방법들이 주로 활발하게 사용되고 있다. 이러한 전달체는 항암 치료제를 직접 암세포로 정확하게 표적 운반하는 정확성, 정확하게 운반한 후 선택적으로 항암치료제를 방출해야하는 유출제어, 다른 일반 세포들을 약물로부터 보호하는 기능 등을 동시에 가지고 있어야 하지만, 대부분 항암약물의 독성에 기인한 부작용이 발생하고 있다. 겸형적혈구는 암세포주변 혈관세포와 멤브레인 표면에 존재하는 리셉터 사이에의 점착성이 존재하며 추가적 생화학처리 없이 암세포 주변에 표적화가 가능함을 보인다. 또한, 암세포 주변의 혈관의 구조적 변화특성은 겸형적혈구의 중합화 반응을 증가시킨다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 겸형적혈구를 이용한 새로운 항암치료법의 효과를 정량적 혈관분석 방법을 통해 제시하고자 한다.