• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.749-752
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• 2004

Saturated fatty acids are less vulnerable to lipid peroxidation than their unsaturated counterparts. In this investigation, individual fatty acids of the $C_{16}$, $C_{18}$ and $C_{20}$ families were subjected to the thiobarbituric (TBA) assay. These fatty acids were chosen based on their degree of saturation and configuration of double bonds. Interestingly, an assay threshold was reached where increasing the fatty acid concentration resulted in no additional decrease in the TBARS concentrations. Therefore, the linear range of TBARS inhibition was determined for fatty acids in the $C_{16}$ and $C_{20}$ families. The rate of TBARS inhibition was greater for the saturated than for unsaturated fatty acids, as measured from the slope of the linear range. These findings demonstrate the need to standardize the TBARS assay using multiple fatty acid concentrations when using this assay for measuring in vitro lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1115-1121
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• 1998

MLS capacitor with lipid ultra thin films were deposited by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method on the silicon wafer. The current versus voltage and capacitance versus voltage relationships are depend on the applied voltage, electrode area and electrode materials. LB films deposited were made of L-$\alhpa$-DLPC, the 1 layer’s thickness of 35${\AA}$ was measured by ellipsometer. And MLS capacitor with different electrode materials, the work function of these materials was investigated to increase the leakage current. The result indicated the lower leakage current and very high saturation value of capacitance was reached within 700-800 pF when the two electrode was Ag. And $\varepsilon$1, $\varepsilon$2 versus photon energy showed good film formation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 1984

This study was performed to investigate the effect of various levels of Zn(0, 30, 3000 ppms) and different kinds of lipid(corn oil, sesame oil or butter.) in the diet upon lipid metabolism and Zn & Cu concentration in various organs and tissues in weanling rats. The results obtained were summarized as following : 1) Food consumptions, body weight gains and F.E.R.s showed no significant differences among groups. 2) The contents of total lipids and total cholesterols in serum tended to increase with increase in lipid saturation and Zn levels. Those in per g liver were higher in butter groups and tended to be higher in low Zn groups. Total lipids contents in per g muscle tended to be higher in butter and high Zn groups, but total cholesterols contents in per g muscle tended to be higher in corn oil and low Zn groups. 3) Liver, serum and fecal Zn concentrations tended to be higher in high Zn groups than other Zn groups. The Cu concentrations in liver and serum tended to be lower in high Zn groups. On the contrary, the Cu concentrations in urine tended to be higher in high Zn groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 2009

The partial lipid degradation with the saturation of double-bond at the acidogenesis stage is known to help subsequent methanogenesis during anaerobic digestion. Acidogenic reactions in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were carried out to compare their performances. A mixture of two unsaturated (oleate and linoleate) and two saturated (palmitate and stearate) long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) was used as a model substrate. Biomass retention in the ASBR contributed to the enhanced performance at hydraulic retention time (HRT) below 15 hr. Biomass retention in the ASBR contributed to the enhanced performance compared to CSTR even at shorter HRT. ASBR would be a proper reactor configuration for the acidogenesis of lipid-containing wastewater.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 1982

The cultural conditions of Mucor plumbeus FRI 0007 were investigated for the maximum production of felt and lipid. It was found that the lower the pH and the higher the incubation temperature, the higher accumulation of the felt and lipid. Shake culture rendered higher lipid accumulation and lower felt accumulation than static culture. Maximum production of felt and lipid content were 47.8 g/$\ell$ and 50.73%, respectively, when the organisms were static-cultured at a temperature of 37$^{\circ}C$ and pH of 3.5 for 25 days latroscan thinchrographic analysis showed that the higher amount of triglyceride was obtained when static-cultured at a low pH. Fatty acid composition of the microbial lipid was affected by the incubation temperature, types of nitrogen source and speed of agitation: lower degree of saturation was observed as the incubation temperature decreased and the speed of agitation increased. Fatty acids of monoglyceride and diglyceride were mainly palmitic and oleic acids and those of triglycerides were mainly palmitic, oleic acids.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2015

Skin blackening is a serious postharvest disorder occurring in 'Fuyu' persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki, 'Fuyu'). Phenolic content, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity, and lipid saturation were investigated in skin tissue of 'Fuyu' fruits. The phenolic compounds were accumulated unevenly on fruit skin depending on sunlight exposure, i.e., the most accumulation on sunny side and the least on the opposite, shaded side. The fruits harvested from shaded branches inside the canopy showed relatively even distribution of phenolic compounds in the skin. The activity distribution of PPO and POD were also uneven but only in fruits suffering f rom skin b lackening disorder, w ith the h ighest and the lowest a ctivity of PPO and P OD, respectively, in the blackened area of the fruit. When the sunny, southern sides of fruits were marked at harvesting time and fruits were stored at low temperature, a round black spot, as a symptom of skin blackening disorder, developed during storage exactly on the marked region. In addition, the sunny side of fruit showed higher lipid saturation, thus indicating adaptation to high temperature caused by the sunlight. These results suggest that the skin blackening disorder of 'Fuyu' fruits can be considered as a kind of chilling injury symptom that develops on the high-temperature-acclimated skin tissue of sunlight-exposed fruits when they are later exposed to low temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.47-52
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the effects of egg phospholipids [(Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM)] on intestinal absorption of cholesterol and other lipids. Each rat with Iymph cannula was infused via a duodenal catheter at 3.0 mL/h for 8 h with a lipid emulsion containing triolein, cholesterol and PC in 24 mL PBS. The PC in the lipid emulsion was egg PC (EPC), hydrogenated egg PC (HPC), or soy PC (SPC). The EPC in the lipid emulsion markedly lowered the Iymphatic absorption of cholesterol, compared with SPC and a lipid emulsion containing no PC. The HPC further lowered the absorption of cholesterol. The phospholipid output was not affected by the source of PC infused. The total Iymphatic output of oleic acid (18: 1), the major fatty acid infused in the form of triolein, did not differ among the NPC, SPC and EPC groups, but was significantly lower in the HPC group. The findings provide the first evidence that EPC markedly lowers the Iymphatic absorption of cholesterol under in vivo conditions. The inhibitory effect of EPC appears to be due to the higher degree of saturation of its acyl groups relative to SPC, suggesting that the intestinal absorption of egg cholesterol may be reduced by the presence of PC in e99 yolk. Experiment 2 was designed to determine whether egg SM, structurally similar to PC, also inhibits the Iymphatic absorption of cholesterol. Egg SM lowered the Lymphatic absorption of cholesterol in a dose dependent manner. Likewise, SM lowered the Iymphatic absorption of oleic acid, whereas it had no effect on retinol absorption. SM at a high dose lowered the Iymphatic outputs of both PC and SM, whereas there was no such effect at a lower dose. These results also indicate that luminal egg SM has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and other lipids of relatively high hydrophobicity.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.895-903
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various dietary unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratios (UFA to SFA ratios) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood lipid parameters, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 45 crossbred pigs ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire), with an average initial body weight of 60.3±2.4 kg, were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 dietary UFA to SFA ratios. Results: Both average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas backfat thickness was decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Serum triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased quadratically or linearly (p<0.05) respectively, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased quadratically (p<0.05) with increasing dietary UFA to SFA ratio. In M. longissimus thoracis, the proportion of C18:1 and monounsaturated FA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were increased linearly (p<0.05) as dietary UFA to SFA ratio increased. In the subcutaneous adipose tissue, the proportion of SFA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and the UFA to SFA ratios were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Meat color scores and shear force of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas drip loss and cooking loss were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Conclusion: Appropriately boosted dietary UFA to SFA ratio could be conductive to optimize blood lipid parameters and tissue FA composition. However, when the ratio is too high or too low it tends to have negative effects on growth performance and meat quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.933-940
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• 2013

In this study, methyl esters with different saturated fatty acids (SFA) were prepared by urea fractionation to make an oil-in-water emulsion. Emulsion characteristics (emulsion stability and oxidative stability) of the methyl ester emulsion were then studied at different percentages of methyl ester saturation (5, 28, 39, 50, and 72%, termed ${\Sigma}$SFA5, ${\Sigma}$SFA28, ${\Sigma}$SFA39, ${\Sigma}$SFA50, and ${\Sigma}$SFA72, respectively). The stability of emulsions (ES) with different SFA content was 46.0 (${\Sigma}$SFA5), 39.5 (${\Sigma}$SFA28), 32.7 (${\Sigma}$SFA39), 32.6 (${\Sigma}$SFA50), and 27.3 (${\Sigma}$SFA72). Results from Turbiscan showed that creaming or clarification, based on the backscattering intensity, was more pronounced with increases in the saturation degree of the emulsion. These results implied that the emulsions with lower saturation were more stable. During 30 days of storage, the lipid peroxide value increased for all emulsions, with the increase less pronounced with the increasing saturation of the emulsion; 1.880 (${\Sigma}$ SFA5), 1.267 (${\Sigma}$SFA28), 1.062 (${\Sigma}$SFA39), 0.342 (${\Sigma}$SFA50) and 0.153 (${\Sigma}$SFA72) mg $H_2O_2/mL$ emulsion. In addition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were significantly lower in emulsions with high saturation (4.419 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA50 and 4.226 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA72) than emulsions with low saturation (6.229 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA5, 6.801 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA28 and 6.246 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA39). In conclusion, the emulsions with a higher saturation degree of methyl esters showed lower emulsion stability but better oxidation stability.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07d
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• pp.1297-1299
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• 1998

LB layers of L-$\alpha$-DLPC deposited by LB method were deposited onto n-type silicon wafer as Z-type film. Films made up of 8, 16 layers of lipid with long alkyl chain and the thickness of monolayer and multilayers was determined by ellipsometry. It was deposited Ag and Al onto LB layers and silicon wafer for electrode and small electrode exhibit high capacitance and low leakage current. The C-V curves of the MLS capacitor shows very high saturation value of capacitance. And cross-sectional SEM image of MLS capacitor indicated the presence of pore with Al electrode and we found that the Ag is good for electrode metal.