• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of gamma-irradiated Asparagus cochinchinensis (Asparagi radix) (Lour.) Merr. Extract (ARE) and its inhibition effect on food lipid oxidation using emulsion-type pork sausage as a model. ARE was prepared from dried Asparagi radix root and ARE solution (1.0 g/mL) was gamma-irradiated with designated doses at 5, 10, and 20 kGy. Antioxidant activity of ARE solution was determined by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-e-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-9-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. Activities of DPPH and ABTS radicals were decreased, whereas total phenolic contents increased after gamma irradiation with a dose dependence. Addition of gamma-irradiated ARE dose-dependently retarded lipid oxidation of emulsion-type pork sausage during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. These results indicated that gamma-irradiated ARE might have antioxidant activity more than non-irradiated ARE due to increase of the content of polyphenolic compounds by ionizing radiation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

Liver sausage is flavorful and highly nutritious. However, liver has a relatively short shelf life due to acceleration of oxidation in the presence of endogenous enzymes and metals. Powders derived from natural sources, including plants or fruits, are applied to meat products for inhibiting oxidation without adverse effects on their quality. Hence, this study investigated the effects of natural powders derived from green tea leaf (GTL), lotus leaf (LL), and kimchi (KC) on the quality and change in lipid oxidation and freshness of chicken liver sausages during two weeks of storage. Chicken liver sausages were manufactured with chicken breast (70%) and liver (20%), pork back fat (5%), iced water (5%), various additives, and GTL, LL, and KC [0 (control) or 1%]. They were processed in three batches. For determination of the quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages with various plant powders, pH, color, and texture properties were assessed. In addition, lipid oxidation and freshness using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were analyzed at day 0 and week 2 of refrigerated storage. Higher values were obtained for pH and cooking yield in sausage samples with LL and KC powders than in samples with the other treatments. For a* values, the sausage samples with KC showed similar (p > 0.05) values, whilst others had significantly lower values than the control. The addition of the three powders to sausage samples induced an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The addition of plant powders did not influence TBARS and TVBN of sausage samples at the initial stage. However, after two weeks of storage, significantly lower TBARS and TVBN values were observed, and the sausage with KC (p < 0.05) showed the lowest values of both TBARS and TVBN. The results showed the potential ability of the three powders to improve the quality and inhibit lipid oxidation in liver sausages. Particularly, the addition of KC did not adversely affect the $a^*$ values of sausage samples. The effects on sensory properties and inhibition mechanisms of GTL, LL, and KC in meat products should be further studied.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2010

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\alpha$ (PPAR$\alpha$) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a central role in lipid metabolism and obesity. Exercise also is a powerful modifier of the manifestations of the lipid metabolism and obesity in animal models and humans with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, effects of exercise on lipid metabolism and obesity in normal-weight younger female subjects, having functional ovaries and not metabolic disease, remain unexplained. To explore the effects of exercise on the development of obesity and its molecular mechanism in high fat diet-fed female C57BL/6J mice, we experimented the effects of swim training on body weight, adipose tissue mass, serum lipid levels, morphological changes of adipocytes and the expression of PPAR$\alpha$ target genes involved in fat oxidation in skeletal muscle tissue of female C57BL/6J mice. Swim-trained mice had significantly decreased body weight, adipose tissue mass, serum triglycerides compared with female control mice. Histological studies showed that swim training significantly decreased the average size of adipoctyes in parametrial adipose tissue. Swim training did not affect the expression of PPAR$\alpha$ mRNA in skeletal muscle. Concomitantly, swim training did not increase mRNA levels of PPAR$\alpha$ target genes responsible for fatty acid $\beta$-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and thiolase in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, these results indicate that swim training regulates lipid metabolism and obesity in high fat diet fed-female mice although swim training did not increase mRNA levels of PPAR$\alpha$ target genes involved in fatty acid $\beta$-oxidation in skeletal muscle, suggesting that swim training may prevent obesity and improve fitness through other mechanisms in female with ovaries, not through the activation of skeletal muscle PPAR$\alpha$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.993-997
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative effect of different kinds of kimchi on the lipid oxidation of cooked meat in model systems. Model systems of cooked ground meat(CGM), CGM-Chinese cabbage kimchi(CK), CGM-radish kimchi(RK), and CGM-mustard leaf kimchi(MLK) were prepared and their oxidation were evaluated during the storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 5 weeks. Thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values of CGM significantly increased with the storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 5 weeks. Thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values of CGM significantly increased with the storage time, however, TBA value of CGM-CK, CGM-RK, and CGM-MLK lowered and that of CGM-MLK was lowest. Antioxidative effect of CGM-MLK increased with the addition levels of kimchi in the system. And also in the model systems which were prepared with CGM and MLK in different fermentation periods, the antioxidative effect was highest in the properly fermented-kimchi.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.413-416
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• 2008

Effects of extracts obtained from the flowers of Elsholtzia splendens on the serum lipid profile and hepatotoxicity in mice were investigated. Female ICR mice were given E. splendens ethanolic extract (ESEs) orally at a dose of 10 or 50 mg/kg BW for 50 days. Significant dose-dependent decreases in triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol of serum were observed. In addition, ESEs prolonged the lag-time of LDL oxidation in vitro. In the serum of ICE mice given ESEs orally at 10 and 50 mg/kg BW, the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly, while total protein, albumin, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin did not change. Therefore, ESEs may be beneficial to human health, although it has some hepatotoxicity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2003

The study investigated the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks under fasting and ad libitum feeding conditions. Sixty Tsaiya ducks in their growing period (8-12 wk-old) and sixty Tsaiya ducks in their laying period (26-30 wk-old, 10-14 weeks after the onset of laying) were randomly divided into ad libitum feeding and 3-day fasting groups. The activities of lipid metabolism related enzymes were determined. Experimental results indicated that fasting depressed the activities of lipogenesis related enzymes such as fatty acid synthetase and NADP-malic dehydrogenase in both periods (p<0.05). Fasting also increased the activities of liver fatty acid $\beta$-oxidation enzymes (p<0.05). However, the activities of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue, heart and ovarian follicle in both periods and the hormone-sensitive lipase of adipose tissue in the growing period were decreased by fasting (p<0.01).

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 1993

Semi-prepared frozen muscle foods purchased from local industry were tested for lipid oxidation. The effects of various storage conditions, cooking methods, defrosting methods and reheating methods on rancidity were examined using TBA assay and sensory evaluation. TBARS values were increased faster in cooked samples than in uncooked ones during storage periods. During refrigeration of cooked samples, TBARS values were increased significantly for 15 days (p<0.001). In defrosting experiments, refrigerated defrosting was proven to be better compared with room temperature or microwave defrosting (p<0.05). For overall explanation, stepwise regression analysis was done and the results are in this order: storage conditions, cooking methods, moisture content, and lipid content. Using these 4 variables, TBARS values could be explained by 40~53%.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.667-672
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• 2009

Plasma concentrations of adiponectin have been shown to be decreased in patients with obesity, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have found that adiponectin reduces lipid accumulation in macrophage foam cells which may impact the development of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unclear whether adiponectin is involved in the process of lipid accumulation during myogenesis. Using C2C12 myoblasts, we investigated the effect of adiponectin on intramyocellular lipid accumulation during myogenesis. The results showed that intracellular lipid accumulation is significantly decreased during C2C12 differentiation, apparently due to increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased fatty acid synthesis during this process. C2C12 cells transiently transfected with adiponectin gene showed reduced lipid accumulation as compared to controls. Further experiments demonstrated that adiponectin can suppress lipid accumulation by increasing fatty acid oxidation during C2C12 myogenesis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

5% corn oil과 17 mM Brji 700으로 제조한 oil-in-water emulsion(O/W)에서 과량의 잉여 surfactant가 phenol이 첨가된 O/W의 산화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 Brji 700을 $0{\sim}2%$의 농도로 O/W에 첨가한 경우, 첨가된 surfactant의 양이 증가할수록 droplet의 particle size는 커지는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 continuous phase의 surfactant 농도도 높아지며 phenol 함량도 상대적으로 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. Phenol류가 100 ppm의 농도로 첨가된 O/W에 과량의 surfactant$(0{\sim}2%)$를 첨가하고 30일간 저장 기간별 hydroperoxide의 생성량을 측정한 결과, 대조구에 비해 낮은 hydroperoxide 함량을 보여 surfactant를 첨가하지 않은 실험구와 유사한 경향을 보였으나, hydroperoxide 함량은 surfactant를 추가하지 않은 실험구 보다 더 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 phenol 종류 및 surfactant 농도별 hydroperoxide 생성억제 효과와 headspace aldehyde 생성 억제 효과는 BHT>procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate>(+)-gallocatechin>(+)-catechin 및 2%>1%>0% surfactant 첨가의 순서로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 phenol성 물질과 과량의 surfactant micelle에 의해 emulsion으로부터 continuous phase로 hydroperoxide의 physical location 변화가 발생하는 것을 나타낸다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.419-430
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• 1987

지질산화생성물에 의한 DNA손상작용 및 그 억제 기구를 밟히기 위하여 linoleic acid와 plasmid DNA와의 모델계를 통하여 검토하였는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Linoleic acid의 산화에 의하여 DNA가 손상되었으며, 그 정도는 linoleic acid의 양이 많을 수록 크게 나타났다. 2. Linoleic acid의 산화에 의한 DNA손상작용은 POV 100 mea/kg이하인 산화초기에서도 빠르게 진행되었다. 산화초기의 DNA손상작용에는 활성산소 종의 관여가 크게 나타났는데, 그 중에서도 일중항 산소와 superoxide anion의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 3. 지질 2차반응생성물인 malonaldehyde와 hexanal의 DNA손상작용은 linoleic acid경우와는 달리 활성산소종과는 무관하였으며 DNA와 와의 복합체형성에 의하였다. 4. Linoleic acid hydroperoxide의 DNA 손상작용은 linoleic acid의 초기신화에 의한 DNA손상작용 보다 크게 나타났고, 활성산소종의 영향은 없었다. 5. 지진산화생성물에 의한 DNA손상 작용은 천연 항산화성분(마늘 및 생강추출물) 및 활성산소소거제($\alpha-tocopherol 및 superoxide dismutase$의 첨가에 의하여 크게 억제되었다. 특히 . 마늘 및 생강추출물은 활성산소종의 생성을 비롯하여 공액 diene 및 POV의 증가 또한 크게 억제하였다.