References
- Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Fruchart JC, Staels B. Transcriptional control of triglyceride metabolism: fibrates and fatty acids change the expression of the LPL and apo C-III genes by activating the nuclear receptor PPAR. Atherosclerosis 1996. 124: S29-S37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(96)05854-6
- Bourgeois F, Alexiu A, Lemonnier D. Dietary-induced obesity: effect of dietary fats on adipose tissue cellularity in mice. Br J Nutr.1983. 49:17-26. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19830006
- Bray GA. Risks of obesity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003. 32: 787-804. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8529(03)00067-7
- Chaput E, Saladin R, Silvestre M, Edgar AD. Fenofibrate and rosiglitazone lower serum triglycerides with opposing effects on body weight. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000. 271: 445-450. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.2647
- Costet P, Legendre C, More J, Edgar A, Galtier P, Pineau T. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-isoform deficiency leads to progressive dyslipidemia with sexually dimorphic obesity and steatosis. J Biol Chem. 1998. 273: 29577-29585. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.45.29577
- Crampes F, Marion-Latard F, Zakaroff-Girard A, De Glisezinski I, Harant I, Thalamas C, Stich V, Riviere D, Lafontan M, Berlan M. Effects of a longitudinal training program on responses to exercise in overweight men. Obes Res. 2003. 11: 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2003.38
- Friedlander AL, Casazza GA, Homing MA, Buddinger TF, Brooks GA. Effects of exercise intensity and training on lipid metabolism in young women. Am J Physiol. 1998. 275: E853-E863.
- Halpern A, Mancini MC. Treatment of obesity: an update on anti-obesity medications. Obes Rev. 2003. 4: 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789X.2003.00083.x
- Haram PM, Kemi OJ, Lee SJ, Bendheim MO, AI-Share QY, Waldum HL, Gilligan LJ, Koch LG, Britton SL, Najjar SM, Wisloff U. Aerobic interval training vs. continuous moderate exercise in the metabolic syndrome of rats artificially selected for low aerobic capacity. Cardiovasc Res. 2009. 81: 723-732.
- Hertz R, Bishara-Shieban J, Bar-Tana J. Mode of action of peroxisome proliferators as hypolipidemic drugs: suppression of apolipoprotein C-III. J Biol Chem. 1995. 270: 13470-13475. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.22.13470
- Horowitz JF, Leone TC, Feng W, Kelly DP, Klein S. Effect of endurance training on lipid metabolism in women: a potential role for PPARalpha in the metabolic response to training. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000. 279: E348-E355. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.2.E348
- Howley ET, Bassett DR Jr, Welch HG. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995. 27: 1292-1301.
- Jeong S, Kim M, Han M, Lee H, Ahn J, Kim M, Song YH, Shin C, Nam KH, Kim TW, Oh GT, Yoon M. Fenofibrate prevents obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice. Metabolism 2004a. 53: 607-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2003.12.010
- Jeong S, Han M, Lee H, Kim M, Kim J, Nicol CJ, Kim BH, Choi JH, Nam KH, Oh GT, Yoon M. Effects of fenofibrate on high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and adiposity in female C57BL/6J mice. Metabolism 2004b. 53: 1284-1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2004.05.003
- Jeong S, Yoon M. Inhibition of the actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha on obesity by estrogen. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007. 15: 1430-1440. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.171
- Kliewer SA, Sundseth SS, Jones SA, Brown PJ, Wisely GB, Koble CS, Devchand P, Wahli W, Willson TM, Lenhard JM, Lehmann JM. Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997. 94: 4318-4323. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.9.4318
- Martin G, Schoonjans K, Lefebvre AM, Staels B, Auwerx J. Coordinate regulation of the expression of the fatty acid transport protein and acyl-CoA synthetase genes by PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators. J Biol Chem. 1997. 272: 28210-28217. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.45.28210
- Miyasaka K, Ichikawa M, Kawanami T, Kanai S, Ohta M, Sato N, Ebisawa H, Funakoshi A. Physical activity prevented agerelated decline in energy metabolism in genetically obese and diabetic rats, but not in control rats. Mech Ageing Dev. 2003. 124: 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-6374(02)00118-5
- Mochizuki K, Suruga K, Fukami H, Kiso Y, Takase S, Goda T. Selectivity of fatty acid ligands for PPARalpha which correlates both with binding to cis-element and DNA bindingindependent transactivity in Caco-2 cells. Life Sci. 2006. 80: 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.08.029
- Morifuji M, Sanbongi C, Sugiura K. Dietary soya protein intake and exercise training have an additive effect on skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation enzyme activities and mRNA levels in rats. Br J Nutr. 2006. 96: 469-475.
- Mougios V, Ring S, Petridou A, Nikolaidis MG. Duration of coffee- and exercise-induced changes in the fatty acid profile of human serum. J Appl Physiol. 2003. 94: 476-484. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00624.2002
- Muller MJ, Mast M, Asbeck I, Langnase K, Grund A. Prevention of obesity--is it possible? Obes Rev. 2001. 2: 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00012.x
- Nicolas-Frances V, Dasari VK, Abruzzi E, Osumi T, Latrofle N. The peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) present at positions -681/-669 in the rat liver 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B gene functionally interacts differently with PPARalpha and HNF-4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000. 269: 347-351. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.2249
- Ogawa R, Mizuno H, Waranabe A, Migita M, Hyakusoku H, Shimada T. Adipogenic differentiation by adipose-derived stem cells harvested from GFP transgenic mice-including relationship of sex difference. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004.319: 511-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.021
- Osumi T, Osada S, Tsukamoto T. Analysis of peroxisome proliferator-responsive enhancer of the rat acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Ann NY Acad Sci.1996. 804: 202-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb18617.x
- Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006. 16: 3-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00520.x
- Petridou A, Tsalouhidou S, Tsalis G, Schulz T, Michna H, Mougios V. Long-term exercise increases the DNA binding activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in rat adipose tissue. Metabolism 2007. 56: 1029-1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.011
- Pillard F, Van Wymelbeke V, Garrigue E, Moro C, Crampes F, Guilland JC, Berlan M, de Glisezinski I, Harant I, Riviere D, Brondel L. Lipid oxidation in overweight men after exercise and food intake. Metabolism 2010. 59: 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2009.07.023
- Sander K, Beatrice D, Walter W. Roles of PPARs in health and disease. Nature 2000. 405: 421-424. https://doi.org/10.1038/35013000
- Savage PD, Brochu M, Poehlman ET, Ades PA. Reduction in obesity and coronary risk factors after high caloric exercise training in overweight coronary patients. Am Heart J. 2003. 146: 317-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(02)94706-X
- Schoonjans K, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Lefebvre AM, Heyman RA, Briggs M, Deeb S, Staels B, Auwerx J. PPARalpha and PPARgamma. activators direct a distinct tissue-specific transcriptional response via a PPRE in the lipoprotein lipase gene.EMBO J. 1996. 15: 5336-5348.
- Schoonjans K, Staels B, Auwerx J, Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in mediating the effects of fibrates and fatty acids on gene expression. J Lipid Res. 2000. 37: 907-925.
- Staels B, Dallongeville J, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Leitersdorf E, Fruchart JC. Mechanism of action of fibrate on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Circulation 1998. 98: 2088-2093. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.98.19.2088
- Swinbum B, Egger G. Preventive strategies against weight gain and obesity. Obes Rev. 2002. 3: 289-301. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789X.2002.00082.x
- Tunstall RJ, Mehan KA, Wadley GD, Collier GR, Bonen A, Hargreaves M, Cameron-Smith D. Exercise training increases lipid metabolism gene expression in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002. 283: E66-E72. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00475.2001
- Villena JA, Viollet B, Andreelli F, Kahn A, Vaulont S, Sul HS. Induced adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy in mice lacking the AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha2 subunit. Diabetes 2004. 53: 2242-2249. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.9.2242
- Wang X, Kilgore MW. Signal cross-talk between estrogen receptor alpha and beta and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammal in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002. 194: 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00154-5
- Yagi K Kondo D, Okazaki Y, Kano K. A novel preadipocyte cell line established from mouse adult mature adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004. 321: 967-974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.055
- Yoon M, Jeong S, Nicol CJ, Lee H, Han M, Kim JJ, Seo YJ, Ryu C, Oh GT. Fenofibrate regulates obesity and lipid metabolism with sexual dimorphism. Exp Mol Med. 2002. 34: 481-488. https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2002.67
- Yoon M, Jeong S, Lee H, Han M, Kang JH, Kim EY, Kim M, Oh GT. Fenofibrate improves lipid metabolism and obesity in ovariectomized LDL receptor-null mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003. 302: 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00088-3
- Zhang B, Marcus SL, Sajjadi FG, et aI. Identification of a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element upstream of the gene encoding rat peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase/ 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992. 89: 7541-7545. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.16.7541
- Zoth N, Weight C, Laudenbach-Leschowski U, Diel P. Physical activity and estrogen treatment reduce visceral body tat and serum levels of leptin in an additive manner in a diet induced animal model of obesity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010. 122: 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.029