• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 1978

In order to investigate the effect of dietary long chain fatty acids on fatty acid biosynthesis of liver in birds, single comb White Leghron male chicks were fed a fat-free diet an diets containing margaric, stearic and linoleic acids and liver lipid components and liver and plasma fatty acid distributions were compared. Total lipids of tissues were extracted with a chloroform-methanol mixture. The lipid components were determined by thin layer chromatography and fatty acid distribution of lipid fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Fatty acid feeding did not affect liver lipid components. When margaric acid(17 : 0), was fed, 17:0 and heptadecenoic acid(17:1) appeared in every lipid fractions of liver and plasma, and distribution values of these acids were not significantly different between the lipid fractions of liver. In blood plasma of the 17 : 0 fed chicks, however, significantly higher distribution values of 17 : 0 and 17.1 were observed in the triglyceride fraction and in the cholesterol ester fraction, respectively. Dietary stearic acid (18 : 0) did not show any effect on the distribution of 18 : 0 in every lipid fractions of liver but showed a significantly higher distribution value of 18 : 0 in the free fatty acid fraction of plasma. When linoleic acid (18 : 2) was fed, every lipid fractions of liver and plasma contained 18 : 2, especially a significantly higher distribution value was observed in the phospholipid fraction of liver. Dietary margaric and linoleic acids tended to decrease the distribution value of endogenously synthesized palmitoleic (16 : 1) and oleic (18 : 1) acids in liver.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1991

The lipid fractions, lipid classes and free fatty acids in total lipids from cheese and soybeans were analyzed by column, thin-layer and gas chromatographies. The percentages of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid in cheese were 96.2, 1.1 and 0.7, whereas those in soybeans were 87.5, 0.5 and 4.3. Major lipid classes of total lipid, and neutral lipid were triglyceride, fatty acid, cholesterol, diglyceride, monoglyceride and polar lipid, and those of glycolipid and phospholipid were triglyceride, diglyceride, monoglyceride and polar lipid in total lipid from cheese. Large amounts of triglyceride and polar lipid and small amounts of diglyceride, monoglyceride and polar lipid were detected in all lipid fractions from soybeans. The higher proportion of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids were found in total lipid from cheese, whereas those of C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids were found in total lipid from soybeans. Most predominant fatty acids are C16:0 for the total lipid of cheese and C18:2 for the total lipid of soybeans. The lower proportions of C14:1, C15:0, C17:0 and C20:0 fatty acids in total lipid from cheese and C4:0, C6:0, C10:0 and C18:0 in total lipid from soybeans were detected.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.137-141
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• 2008

The present study reports the protective properties of a total methanol extract of B. platyphylla var. japonica against ultraviolet (UV)-C irradiation. Pretreatment of Chinese hamster fibroblast (V79-4) cells with a total methanol extract significantly increased cell survival following $300\;J/m^2$ of UV-C irradiation. The total methanol extract was further fractionated into 5 fractions: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions. Among these fractions, B. platyphylla var. japonica ethylacetate, butanol and water fractions showed significant protective effects against the cellular damage induced by UV-C irradiation. In order to elucidate the mechanism underlying this protective effect, DPPH (Editor note: abbreviations should be spelled out at first use.) radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were measured. Significant radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities were observed for the ethylacetate fraction. In summary, the present data demonstrate that an extract of B. platyphylla var. japonica has a significant protective effect against UV-C irradiation. The underlying mechanism of this protective effect may involve radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the B. platyphylla var. japonica extract.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.453-456
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• 2022

Phragmites communis rhizome (Phragmitis rhizoma) was extracted with 70% ethanol, and then the extract was fractionated sequentially using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate as solvents. Among the solvent fractions of Phragmitis rhizoma extract, the polyphenol content in ethyl acetate fraction was the highest. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions possessed a good nitrite scavenging activity. In addition, each solvent fraction showed an effective lipid peroxidation inhibitory ability at a concentration of 10 mg/mL.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

The present study undertaken to investigate the interrelationship among their regular dietary fatty acid intake, body fat content(BFC), and plasma lipid fractions(PLF) of middle-aged Korean women. Forty-nine women (age 30 to 49) participated in this study in which the aim was to determine their total nutrient intake per day, BFC and PLF, and to analyse the intercorrelations of these. Strong correlation was seen among their body mass index, mid-upper-arm-circumference, and BFC which were positively correlated with plasma total lipids(TL) and triglycerides(TG). Dietary myristic acid and lauric acid were positively correlated with both total cholesterol(TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and total monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) were negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Although dietary total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was not correlated with TC and LDL-C, it was positively correlated with TL and TG in plasma. However, dieary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) in regular Korean diet was not correlated with any of lipid fractions in plasma which might be due to the high ratio of n-6/n-3 in their diet. From the above results, it was concluded that plasma lipid fractions were modulated by their dietary nutrients, especially the types of the fatty acids. Dietary SFA and MUFA intake not PUFA are strongly correlated with LDL-C and HDL-C in the Korean diet This may relate to the frequency of coronary heart disease in the age group.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2005

Earlier we have reported the antidiabetic activity of fresh juice of rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) and its correlation with 5-HT receptor antagonism. Since 6-gingerol the marker compound of Z. officinale is reported to posses 5-HT anatgonistic activity, the present investigation, was undertaken to find out the concentration of 6-gingerol present in methanolic extract of Z. officinale and its different fractions (petroleum ether, toluene and chloroform). We also evaluated these fractions for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neonatal type 2 diabetic rats. Fasting glucose and insulin levels in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher than control rats and these were significantly decreased by treatment with methanolic extract of Z. officinale and its fractions. The results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that methanolic extract and its fractions significantly (P < 0.05) decreased both STZ-induced increase in $AUC_{glucose}$ and $AUC_{insulin}$ values in NIDDM groups. Treatment with petroleum ether fraction produced a greater reduction in elevated glucose and $AUC_{glucose}$ levels as compared to treatment with other fractions. Treatment with methanolic extract of Z. officinale and its fractions also produced significant reduction in the elevated lipid, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels in NIDDM rats. The effect of petroleum ether fraction on elevated lipid, SGOT and SGPT levels was significantly greater as compared to treatment with other fractions. The concentration of 6-gingerol was found to be maximum in petroleum ether fraction (11.430%) and minimum in chloroform fraction (0.973%). The methanolic extract and toluene fraction was found to contain 3.080% and 2.191 %, 6-gingerol respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that methonolic extract and its fractions possess significant antidiabetic activity in NIDDM rats. The extent of activity appears to be dependent on the concentration of 6-gingerol present in the extract or its fractions.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.316-325
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• 2005

The antioxidant potential of a $75\%$ methanolic extract of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and its different fractions was investigated using different reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO.), metal chelating and lipid peroxidation assays. Methylene chloride and $75\%$ methanol fractions showed equally high activities $(IC_{50} 0.010 mg/mL)$ for hydroxyl radical (HO) scavenging. Higher hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$ scavenging values were reported for the ethyl acetate and methylene chloride fractions and their $IC_{50}$ values were 0.20 and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO.) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activities were higher in ethyl acetate and methylene chloride fractions. Chloroform and water fractions showed higher activities in superoxide $(O_2.)$ scavenging. All fractions showed strong metal chelating capacities compared with the commercial antioxidants tested. The $0.1\%$ ethyl acetate fraction showed notable capacity to suppress lipid peroxidation in both fish oil and linoleic acid. Phenolic content was measured in all the fractions and methanolic extract. Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest phenolic content.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.134-142
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• 2007

This study was performed to determine the antioxidative and cytotoxic effects of Elaeagnus multiflora by examining its scavenging effects on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) radical, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and its inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation in HeLa cells, MCF-7 cells, and SNU-638 cells by MTT assay. Here, dried samples were extracted in ehtanol at room temperature and fractionated into five different solvent types: hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol, and aqueous partition layers. The hexane(62.92${\pm}$2.45%) and dichloromethane(65.25${\pm}$4.74%) fractions of Elaeagnus multiflora's flesh, and the aqueous(94.65${\pm}$0.02%) and ethylacetate(93.83${\pm}$0.02%) fractions of Elaeagnus multiflora's seeds, inhibited DPPH radical production. The DPPH radical scavenging effects of the flesh and seed were different according to solvent fractions. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the flesh and seed extracts were 76.11${\pm}$3.66 and 69.57${\pm}$2.27, respectively, for hexane and 67.57${\pm}$2.43 and 62.09${\pm}$0.90, respectively, for the dichloromethane fraction. Among the various partition layers of Elaeagnus multiflora's flesh, hexane and dichloromethane showed the strong cytotoxicities on all the cancer cell lines used in the study. Also all the fractions of Elaeagnus multiflora's seed exhibited significant effects on the inhibition of cancer cell growth(hexane > dichloromethane > ethylacetate > butanol > aqueous partition layers). These results indicate that the haxane and dichloromethane partition layers of Elaeagnus multiflora's flesh and seed extracts have possible antioxidative and anticancer capacities. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that Elaeagnus multiflora may be an antioxidative and chemopreventive agent.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1966

Using the Chlorella cells which had been uniformly labeled with $^{32}P$, the distribution of phosphorus in various fractions of cell material was investigated. Uniformly $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells were further grown in a P-free medium, and some protions of the cells were taken out at intervals during the culture, and subjected to analyze the contents of $^{32}P$ in various fractins of the cell constituents. 2. Analysis of the $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells showed that the highest in P-content was the fraction of RNA followed by those of lipid, RNA-polyphosphate complex, acid-insoluble polyphosphate, acid-soluble polyphosphate, DNA and protein. 3. During the culture of $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells in a P-free medium, amounts of phosphate in DNA, protein and lipid fractions increased, while the P-contents in the fraction of RNA-polyphosphate complex decreased as well as those of acid-insoluble polyphosphate and acid-soluble polyphosphate fractions. 4. It was inferred that phosphorus used in the syntheses of DNA and protein was taken from polyphosphates of the cells, and RNA-polyphosphate complex would play an important role as a phosphate pool.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1990

Antioxidative effects of soybean paste(SP) on the lipid oxidation were studied with the model systems of ground cooked meat(GCM)-SP or ground cooked fish(GCF)-SF and model systems of linoleic acid mixture(LA)-SP powder (SPP) or LA-SP extract fractions during oxida-tion reaction. SP played a role as an antioxidative substance in the system employed especially in GCM-SP and the antioxidative activity was increased with the increase of SP addition in the system of GCF-SP during storage at 6$^{\circ}C$ SPP also exhibited some antioxidative activity during the oxidation reaction of LA. the activity was increased as the concentrations of SPP increased in the range from 0.1% to 0.5% Considerable antioxidative activities have been observed in both water soluble and lipid soluble fractions from SP on LA reaction system.