• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of obesity, a worldwide pandemic, has been increasing steadily in Korea. Reports have shown that increased intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of body mass index. However, the relationship between dietary intake and IMAT accumulation in the Korean population remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to evaluate regional fat compartments using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. We also aimed to investigate the association between IMAT amounts and dietary intake, including carbohydrate intake, among Korean individuals with obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study, performed at a medical center in South Korea, recruited 35 individuals with obesity (15 men and 20 women) and classified them into 2 groups according to sex. Anthropometry was performed, and body fat distribution was measured using MRI. Blood parameters, including glucose and lipid profiles, were analyzed using commercial kits. Linear regression analysis was used to test whether the IMAT was associated with daily carbohydrate intake. RESULTS: Carbohydrate intake was positively associated with IMAT in all individuals, with adjustments for age, sex, height, and weight. No significant differences in blood indicators were found between the sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of sex and age, higher carbohydrate intake was strongly correlated with greater IMAT accumulation. This suggests the need to better understand sex differences and high carbohydrate diet patterns in relation to the association between obesity and metabolic risk, which may help reduce obesity prevalence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.715-722
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• 2003

This study is to investigate effects of green tea and capsulated components mixture on body fat and serum lipid composition and fat distribution in college women students in terms of supplemented periods. During 3 months of this research, 34 college women students (average age 20.3 yr) were selected as subjects. Nutrient intake was investigated by questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. Anthropolatric assessments of the subjects were investigated by SBIA method (Segmental Bioimpedance Assay, Inbody 3.0). The results were as follows: mean body height was 162.5cm and mean body weight and mean BMI (Body Mass Index, kg/$m^2$) were 57.9kg and 21.9, respectively. Status of carbohydrate intake decreased significantly (p<0.05) and dietary fiber intake increased significantly (p<0.001) after supplementation. WHR (waist-hip ratio) decreased significantly (p<0.05) and body fat and percent body fat decreased significantly after supplementation (p<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased significantly after supplementation (p<0.001). Above results of this study show that green tea, silk peptide and dietary fiber supplementation-added routine diet improves body fat distribution, total cholesterol, triglyceride. Especially, declination of abdominal fat and WHR was notable, since that means diminution of risk factors for obesity and chronic degenerative diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.642-650
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• 1996

Apo E polymorphism (e2, e3, e4) was among the first reported genetic polymorphism that explained part of the normal variation in plasma cholesterol concentrations. Both alleles E2 and E4 are significantly more frequent in patients with mixed forms of hyperlipidemia and contribute on the observed differences in CHD risk among different populations. Effects of apo E polymorphism on the distribution of plasma lipid profiles were studied in 105 normolipidemic healthy women. The relative frequencies of common alleles for gene locus of apo E in this study were that E3 allele was 0.848, E4 allels was 0.087, and E2 allele was 0.067. SBP and DBP were slightly more elevated in E2 allele than those in E3 and E4. The pulsation was also significantly (p<0.016) increased by E2 allele with excess body fat % in E2 allele. There were no differences in total-, total HDL-, VLDL+LDL-, VLDL- and LDL cholesterol among the apo E alleles. However, apo E2 allele subject had lower level of total HDL and HDL2 cholesterol (P<0.047) and significantly higher lev디 of HDL3 cholesterol (P<0.05) than those in apo E3 and E4 allele subject. The conclusion is that first, it seems that apo E4-mediated alteration through LDL B/E receptors or E receptors in cholesterol metabolism results in lower plasma TG or remanate particles and in higher levels of VLDL+LDL or LDL. Second, apo E2 allele shows reciprocal effects of E4 on the plasma lipid metabolism, respecitvely. Third, apo E2 allele was more atherogenic than apo E4 because the higher levels of HDL3/HDL2 ratio and atherogenic index[(TC-HDL)/HDL]were criticized.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.308-315
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• 2007

For the effective use of squid processing by-products as food resources, the distribution and the extraction condition of endoprotease and exopeptidase from viscera of Illex argentinus were investigated. Crude protein and lipid contents of viscera of Illex argentinus were 17.2% and 16.9%, respectively. Regardless of kinds of extraction solution (water, 1% NaCl, 1% KCl and 1% NaCl- KCl) and extraction times (1-20 h), endoprotease activities from viscera of Illex argentinus on Hb, casein and azocasein (pH 6.0) were higher than those on casein and azocasein of the other pHs, thus indicating that the distribution of protein hydrolysing protease is distinctive in the weak acid pH range. Exopeptidase activities against LeuPNA and ArgPNA at pH 7.5 were relatively higher than endoprotease activity of the same pH. The results suggested that exopeptidase among proteases from viscera of Illex argentinus was reasonable for application in food industry compared to endoprotease. The activity in enzymes from viscera of Illex argentinus was the highest in the exopeptidase extracted with deionized distilled water at room temperature for 6-8 h. The optimal reaction conditions of crude enzyme from viscera of Illex argentinus were 7.5 for pH and $50-55^{\circ}C$ for temperature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.587-591
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• 2009

Volatiles in Artemisia princeps Pampan. cv. sajabal (sajabalssuk) and A. princeps Pampan. (ssuk) treated with different processing were analyzed using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)/gas chromatography- a mass selective detector (GC-MS). Sajabalssuk and ssuk were treated with steam distillation (SD) and freeze-dried/steam distillation (FD/SD) while controls were raw sajabalssuk and raw ssuk. Sajabalssuk had significantly more total volatiles than ssuk in control and FD/SD treated samples (p<0.05). Major volatiles in raw sajabalssuk were 2-hexenal, 1,8-cineol, trans-caryophyllene, and hexanal while those in raw ssuk were 1-hexanol, ${\beta}$-myrcene, limonene, and 2-hexenal, which implies that substantial lipid oxidation occurred in raw samples. Sajabalssuk with SD and FD/SD treatment had higher peak areas of 1,8-cineole, 4-terpineol, 1-octen-3-ol, and ${\alpha}$-terpineol while ssuk with SD and FD/SD treatment possessed 1,8-cineol, camphor, borneol, artemisia ketone, ${\alpha}$-thujone, and 1-octen-3-ol, which showed that steam distillation produced more volatiles from terpenoids than raw samples. Based on the results of HS-SPME/GC-MS, relative amounts of volatiles from lipid oxidation including 2-hexenal, hexanal, and 1-hexanol were reduced in sajabalssuk and ssuk with freeze-drying and/or steam distillation treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5931-5936
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• 2012

This study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the PRESS technique based on the correlation between PRESS technique and biopsy results by applying 3.0T high magnetic field MRS technique for evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. This experiment were carried out using a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging equipment. The part data of each spectrum is taken by peak area integration. The part data of resonance peak was used to calculate relative ratio. MR spectral peak in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is from 0.9 to 1.6 ppm. According to MRS method study result, Patients with NAFLD were obtained with 94% sensitivity and 80% specificity(p=0.000). When compared to normal based on MRS and Biopsy results was valid correlation(r=0.79, p=0.04). Results for NAFLD(r=0.89, p=0.002) also showed a correlation. Therefore, PRESS technique to evaluate patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the distribution difference between normal liver and fatty liver part is significantly distinguished. Biopsy and MRS fatty liver peak ratio(%) proves high lipid over grade(r = 0.7).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2016

Purpose: Vitamin D status is associated with several chronic diseases related to obesity. In this study, we evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin D and its relation to obesity indices in Korean women. Methods: A total of 156 healthy women participated. Vitamin D status (serum $25-OH-vitamin\;D_3$ level) and obesity indices (body mass index, body fat mass, waisthip ratio, and body fat percentage etc.) and serum lipid profiles and serum adipokine (leptin and adiponectin) levels were analyzed. Results: The $25(OH)D_3$ level showed an extremely skewed distribution from 4.1 ng/ml to 24.4 ng/ml and mean $25(OH)D_3$ level was $9.0{\pm}4.0ng/ml$. With cut-off level for vitamin D deficiency (< 12.0 ng/ml), insufficiency (12-19.9 ng/ml) and sufficiency (${\geq}20ng/ml$), 77.6%, 19.2%, and 3.2% of subjects showed vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency status, respectively. The $25(OH)D_3$ level showed positive correlation with weight (r = 0.2461, p < 0.01), body mass index (r = 0.2913, p < 0.001), body fat contents (r = 0.1691, p < 0.05), fat free mass (r = 0.2330, p < 0.01), and waist hip ratio (r = 0.1749, p < 0.05) after adjusted by age. The $25(OH)D_3$ level showed no significant correlation with serum lipid profiles and adipokine levels. Conclusion: Most subjects (76.6%) in this study, who had a vitamin D deficient status and serum $25(OH)D_3$ level, showed positive correlation with several obesity indices, however further research based on a large Korean population is needed to confirm the relationship.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.763-769
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• 2013

Soybean oil was stored in polyethylene for 12 weeks at $20^{\circ}C$. The influence of LED (light emitting diode) irradiation on four different wavelengths and fluorescent light was investigated. The pattern changes of volatile components in soybean oil was analyzed by electronic nose based on mass spectrometer. The obtained data from electronic nose were analyzed by discrimination function analysis. Under fluorescent light, the discriminant function first score (DF1) was significantly moved from positive position to negative one after 4-12 weeks. It means that the volatile compounds related to quality of lipid. It was shown to increase slowly due to green light of LED treatment, while blue and white LED light was influenced significantly as well as fluorescent light irradiation. Selection of LED irradiation would provide to keep good quality of soybean oil under distribution chain system.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.685-694
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• 2010

The present study investigated the combined effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and organic acid salts on the quality and shelf-life of Hanwoo ground beef patties. The ground beef containing 500 ppm of ascorbic acid was prepared with air-packaging (Air-P), high oxygen-MAP (70% $O_2$+30% $CO_2$/OxyMAP), and nitrogen-MAP (100% $N_2$/NitroMAP), in combination with organic acid salts (1500 ppm of sodium acetate and 500 ppm of calcium lactate). The samples were stored for 11 d at $5^{\circ}C$. The pH value of ground beef patties decreased during storage in all the treatments. The ground beef patties with organic acid salts showed relatively higher level of pH during storage compared with non-added patties (p<0.05). Lipid oxidation was accelerated in OxyMAP while it was delayed in NitroMAP treated with organic acid salts. Nitro-MAP treated with organic acid salts was effective in stabilizing the color characteristics of lightness (CIE $L^*$) and redness (CIE $a^*$) during storage. Oxygen content in MAP was shown to be a more important factor affecting color stability and lipid oxidation of ground beef than organic acid salts. The aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts were reduced both in OxyMAP and NitroMAP (p<0.05), and the lactic acid bacteria was inhibited by Oxy-MAP (p<0.05). Coliform bacteria decreased during storage as pH value was decreased in all treatments. According to the sensory evaluation, the ground beef patties in NitroMAP showed the best quality among all treatments during storage. Therefore, Hanwoo ground beef patties added with sodium acetate and calcium lactate and packed with NitroMAP showed better quality characteristics than other treatments. This packaging method is recommended and could be utilized for packaging hanwoo ground beef patties for improving quality and extending shelf-life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.331-337
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• 2001

The effect of Phellinus linteus methanol extract on the lipid metabolism in the liver of rat was investigated in this study. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including the control, $CCl_4$and high fat group plus sub-groups with Phellinus linteus methanol extract administration. Methanol extracts of Phellinus linteus were fed 50mg/kg B.W daily via drinking water. A 1.2mL of $CCl_4/kg$ body weight was administered by oral intubation twice a week for total six times. The administration of $CCl_4$ increased total cholesterol, TG, LDL and LDL-phospholipid. However, the level of liver cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased while HDL-cholesterol was increased by the extract feeding. The activities of GOT, GPT, AP and LDH were greatly enhanced by the extract feeding. Electronmicrograph showed that $CCl_4$ treatment deteriorated the structure of cytoplasmic matrix with its uneven distribution. However, the extract treatment reconstituted the damaged cytoplasm and stimulated mitochondriagenesis. From these results, it was suggested that Phellinus linteus can help to recover the damaged liver function and further may help to prevent senescence diseases such as fatty liver, hypertension and hyperlipidemia.