• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2023

Objectives : Network pharmacology-based research is one of useful tool to predict the possible efficacy and molecular mechanisms of natural materials with multi compounds-multi targeting effects. In this study, we investigated the functional underlying mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (AM) on its anti-obesity effects using a network pharmacology analysis. Methods : The constituents of AM were collected from public databases and its target genes were gathered from PubChem database. The target genes of AM were compared with the gene set of obesity to find the correlation. Then, the network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1. and functional enrichment analysis was conducted to predict the most relevant pathway of AM. Results : The result showed that AM network contained the 707 nodes and 6867 edges, and 525 intersecting genes were exhibited between AM and obesity gene set, indicating that high correlation with the effects of AM on obesity. Based on GO biological process and KEGG Pathway, 'Response to lipid', 'Cellular response to lipid', 'Lipid metabolic process', 'Regulation of chemokine production', 'Regulation of lipase activity', 'Chemokine signaling pathway', 'Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes' and 'PPAR signaling pathway' were predicted as functional pathways of AM on obesity. Conclusions : AM showed high relevance with the lipid metabolism related with the chemokine production and lipolysis pathways. This study could be a basis that AM has promising effects on obesity via network pharmacology analysis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.509-515
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• 1994

Using the lipids extracted from Korean yam(Dioscorea) tubers, D. batatas, D. aimadoimo and D. japonica, fractionation and identification of lipid components and their fatty acid compositions were analysed. Lipid contents determined by Folch's method in D. batatas, D. aimadoimo and D. japonica were 11.0 mg/g, 11.4 mg/g and 6.6 mg/g, respectively. Lipids extracted were fractionated into neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid by silicic acid column chromatography. The content of neutral lipid was over about 60% in lipid. Neutral lipid was composed of sterol ester, triglyceride, 1,3-diglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride and monoglyceride. Main constituents of glycolipid were acylsterylglycoside, monogalactosyldiglyceride, sterylglycoside, digalactosyldiglyceride and sulfolipid, and phospholipid contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. The fatty acids of the total lipid and its three lipid fractions were analyzed by GC. The major fatty acids were palmitic and linoleic acids. Content of the saturated fatty acids was less than that of the unsaturated fatty acids.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.659-665
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• 2015

Loading of hydrophobic ${\alpha}$-tocopherol into nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was performed for improving its oxidative stability. First, various NLCs with different constituents and mixing ratios were prepared and their characteristics were investigated. While the stable NLCs were made when cetyl palmitate (CP) or glyceryl monosterate (GMS) was used as a solid lipid, the phase separation occurred in the NLCs consisting of stearic acid. Particle sizes of the NLCs were several hundreds of nanometers and the size decreased with increasing the ratio of solvent to lipid. It was examined from DSC thermogram and anisotropy test that the degree of crystallinity of the lipid phase decreased and the lipid matrix became less ordered when octyldodecanol, a long chain fatty alcohol, was added into the solid lipid. The oxidative stability of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in NLC was remarkably improved compared to that in solution or emulsion under high temperature ($45^{\circ}C$) and UV radiation, which was verified through DPPH test and peroxide value measurement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2007

Proteins and lipids not only provide a source of energy to the cell, but also play vital roles in modifying the physical properties and function of the biological membranes. In the present study, we investigated the biochemical constituents, viz. proteins and lipids, in growing oocytes of goat antral follicles during summer and winter seasons. Goat genitalia in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) were brought to the laboratory within one hour of slaughter under aseptic conditions at $37^{\circ}C$. Oocytes were aspirated from normal small (<3 mm in diameter) and large (>3 mm) follicles and pooled for biochemical estimations. A significant increase in the amount of protein and lipid was observed with the growth of the oocyte. The amount of protein varied non-significantly with the season, while the amount of lipid varied significantly. The amounts of phospholipid, cholesterol, free fatty acid, and triglyceride increased with the growth of the oocyte, but no significant effect of season in these constituents was observed. Lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, and sterols were the polar lipids identified in both oocytes prepared from small follicles (small oocytes) as well as large follicles (large oocytes). In addition, the small oocytes also contained phosphatidyl serine, while large oocytes contained phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate and phosphatidyl inositol. Among non-polar lipids, triglycerides and long chain alcohols appear only in small oocytes and not in large oocytes. Monoglycerides, 1,2-diglycerides, 1,3-diglycerides and o-dialkyl glycerol ethers, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, and wax esters were identified in both small and large oocytes. Information on biochemical composition of growing oocytes is relevant to oocyte and embryo competence, culture and cryopreservation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1031-1036
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• 2003

To certify the protective effect of herbal medicine against oxygen free radical-induced myocardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity was measured using TBARS assay and Beating rate in the presence of Tongryeong-san(TRS) extracts or single constituents of this prescription. Myocardial toxicity was evaluated in neonatal rat myocardiocytes in cultures. In the present study, xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (XO/HX) resulted in a increase in lipid peroxidation and decreases in beating rate in cultured myocardial cells. In the effect of TRS extract, it showed the prevention from the XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity by the increases of beating rate as well as the decrease of lipid peroxidation, In the protective effect of Faeces Trogopterori(FT), Pollen Typhae(PT), Caulis Akebiae(CA) and Radix Paeoniae Rubra(PRR), all the extracts were significantly effective in the protection of XO/HX-induced cardiotoxocity in cultured myocardial cells by the increase of beating rate as well as th decrease of lipid peroxidation. From these results, they show that XO/HX is cardiotoxic in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal rat, and it suggests that TRS, FT, PT, CA and PRR extracts are positively effective in the blocking in XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.573-579
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• 2015

Apolipoprotein A-I and A-IV are protein constituents of high-density lipoproteins although their functional difference in lipoprotein metabolism is still unclear. To compare anti-atherogenic properties between apoA-I and apoA-4, we characterized both proteins in lipid-free and lipidbound state. In lipid-free state, apoA4 showed two distinct bands, around 78 and $67{\AA}$ on native gel electrophoresis, while apoA-I showed scattered band pattern less than $71{\AA}$. In reconstituted HDL (rHDL) state, apoA-4 showed three major bands around $101{\AA}$ and $113{\AA}$, while apoA-I-rHDL showed almost single band around $98{\AA}$ size. Lipid-free apoA-I showed 2.9-fold higher phospholipid binding ability than apoA-4. In lipid-free state, $BS_3$-crosslinking revealed that apoA-4 showed less multimerization tendency upto dimer, while apoA-I showed pentamerization. In rHDL state (95:1), apoA-4 was existed as dimer as like as apoA-I. With higher phospholipid content (255:1), five apoA-I and three apoA-4 were required to the bigger rHDL formation. Regardless of particle size, apoA-I-rHDL showed superior LCAT activation ability than apoA-4-rHDL. Uptake of acetylated LDL was inhibited by apoA-I in both lipid-free and lipid-bound state, while apoA-4 inhibited it only lipid-free state. ApoA-4 showed less anti-atherogenic activity with more sensitivity to glycation. In conclusion, apoA-4 showed inferior physiological functions in lipid-bound state, compared with those of apoA-I, to induce more pro-atherosclerotic properties.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate to proximate compositions, free sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and volatiles from the fresh leaf, root and seed of coriander. The research results are as follows: Moisture was 79.93% in the leaf, 81.89% in the root. Crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash were the highest in the seed. Ascorbic acid was 65.4mg% in the leaf and 37.83mg% in the root. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the major free sugars. Glucose was 7.92mg% and fructose 7.51mg% in the leaf. Sucrose was 17.34mg% in the root, highest level. Among organic acids, malic acid was 354.55mg% in the leaf, the highest level. The content rate of organic acids was high in the order of leaf, seed and root. The content rate of total amino acid was high in the order of seed, root and leaf. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were high in the leaf and root. Glutamic acid and proline were high in the seed. The content rate of free amino acid is the same as that of total amino acid. Glutamic acid and serine were high in the leaf and seed. Glutamic acid and treonine were high in the root. The contents of total amino acid in each parts of the coriander was higher than that of free amino acid, The composition of amino acid in the total amino acid and free amino acid was different. The volatile constituents were extracted by steam distillation method and analyzed by GC-Mass. The content of the volatile constituents was 45.31mg% in the leaf, (E)-2-decenal was the highest, followed by decanal, 2-dodecenal, (E)-2-decen-1-ol in order, aldehyde and alcohol was major constituents. The content of the volatile constituents was 36.01mg% in the root and 54.37mg% in the seed. linalool was the highest in the root and seed. it was 22.27 %, 53.67% in root and seed.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.291-312
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species are capable of damaging biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, which can not only lead to various diseases, but also oxidative damage resulting aging. In our previous study, Cercis chinensis (Leguminosae) showed a potent antioxidant activity. Nineteen compounds were isolated through antioxidant activity-guided fractionation. The C. chinensis extract and some of the constituents exhibited a potent antioxidant activity on the free radicals and lipid peroxidation and a notable protective effect on the t-BuOOH induced oxidative damage. In vivo test of skin damage induced by UVB irradiation, the extract of C. chinensis and a constituent, piceatannol, exhibited a significant protective effect. The life-span of the HEK-N/F cells were extended by 1.21-2.12 fold as a result of the continuous administration of 3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of the C. chinensis extract and the active constituents compared to that of the control. These observations were attributed to the inhibitory effect of the C. chinensis extract and its constituents on the age-dependent shortening of the telomere. Thus, C. chinensis was demonstrated to protect the skin cells against oxidative stress and inhibit thereby the cellular aging, followed by expectation as anti-aging cosmetic ingredient.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.117-138
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species are capable of damaging biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, which can not only lead to various diseases, but also oxidative damage resulting aging. In our previous study, Cercis chinensis (Leguminosae) showed a potent antioxidant activity. Nineteen compounds were isolated through antioxidant activity-guided fractionation. The C. chinensis extract and some of the constituents exhibited a potent antioxidant activity on the free radicals and lipid peroxidation and a notable protective effect on the t-BuOOH induced oxidative damage. In vivo test of skin damage induced by UVB irradiation, the extract of C. chinensis and a constituent, piceatannol, exhibited a significant protective effect. The life-span of the HEK-N/F cells were extended by 1.21-2.12 fold as a result of the continuous administration of 3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of the C. chinensis extract and the active constituents compared to that of the control. These observations were attributed to the inhibitory effect of the C. chinensis extract and its constituents on the age-dependent shortening of the telomere. Thus, C. chinensis was demonstrated to protect the skin cells against oxidative stress and inhibit thereby the cellular aging, followed by expectation as antiaging cosmetic ingredient.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.116-120
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• 2012

Pancreatic lipase digests dietary fats by hydrolysis, which is a key enzyme for lipid absorption. Therefore, reduction of fat absorption by the inhibition of pancreatic lipase is suggested to be a therapeutic strategy for obesity. We previously reported coumarins and secoiridoids of Fraxinus rhynchophylla as inhibitory constituents on adipocyte differentiation. Further investigation on F. rhynchophylla led to the isolation of lignan derivatives such as lignans (1 - 10), sesquilignans (11 - 14) and coumarinolignans (15 - 17). Among them, coumarinolignans and sesquilignans were first reported from Fraxinus species. Among the constituents isolated, sesquilignans showed the significant inhibition on pancreatic lipase, whereas lignans and coumarinolignans exerted weak effects.