• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.567-581
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to provide the basic data for the development of make-up color application system, based of Korean's skin tone and the preference in make-up color to enhance the effectiveness of the education of beauty in universities. The research was conducted by the previous studies, the analyses of sale's rate of hue-cosmetics, the analytic experiment of color of cosmetics by using Spectrum Color Analyzer and other experimental researches. This research, based on the results of three preliminary researches, shows the result of evaluation from perceivers which has been come out from the experiment of having one model in her twenties being changed with twenty-two different conditions of make-up. Here follows the result of the research. Firstly, there was difference on perceiving images in terms of the gender of perceivers and especially male-group tend to have clearly perceived the gap between elegance-greyish purple, orange-natural, red-classic on monochrome make-up and contrast make-up. Secondly, in terms of lip-colors, salmon pink and pink was regarded positively to both female and male subjects and to male subjects, greyish purple was thought to be better on darker skin-tone and to female subjects, better on lighter skin-tone. Thirdly, on image make-up, romantic gives intelligent image regardless of skin-tone and gender, especially gives more positive looks to male subjects. Natural and classic elements were perceived more positively on darker skin-tone and had bigger perceiving gap in female subjects. Fourthly, in preference rate, male subjects normally preferred the look with make-up than female subjects did and salmon pink and pink lip color was preferred on the darker skin-tone.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.257-269
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• 2023

최근 딥러닝 모델을 통해 사진이나 영상을 활용하여 영상 합성을 수행하는 것에 대한 요구가 높아지고 있다. 기존 영상 합성 모델의 경우 주어진 영상으로부터 모션 정보만을 전이하여 사진에 대한 애니메이션 효과를 생성하였다. 하지만 이러한 합성 모델의 경우 음성에 따른 립싱크가 불가능하다는 문제와 함께 합성 결과물의 화질이 떨어진다는 문제점이 있다. 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 이미지 애니메이션 기법을 기반으로 한 새로운 프레임워크에 대해 설명한다. 본 프레임워크에서는 합성하려는 사진과 영상, 그리고 오디오를 제공하면 사진의 인물 특징을 유지한 채 주어진 영상의 행동을 따라 움직이는 것뿐만 아니라 음성에 맞게 발화하는 모습도 함께 합성하여 모션 전이와 함께 립싱크를 수행한 합성 결과물을 생성한다. 또한 초해상화 기법을 영상 합성물에도 활용하여 더욱 고화질, 고해상도의 합성 결과물을 제공하도록 구성하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2018

Wall jet flow exists widely in engineering applications, including the simulation of thunderstorm downburst outflows, and has been investigated extensively by both experimental and numerical methods. Most previous studies focused on the scaling laws and self-similarity, while the effect of lip thickness and external stream height on mean velocity has not been examined in detail. The present work is a numerical study, using steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations at a Reynolds number of $3.5{\times}10^4$, of a turbulent plane wall jet with an external stream to investigate the influence of the wall jet domain on downstream development of the flow. The comparisons of flow characteristics simulated by the Reynolds stress turbulence model closure (Stress-omega, SWRSM) and experimental results indicate that this model may be considered reasonable for simulating the wall jet. The confined wall jet is further analyzed in a parametric study, with the results compared to the experimental data. The results indicate that the height and the width of the wind tunnel and the lip thickness of the jet nozzle have a great effect on the wall jet development. The top plate of the tunnel does not confine the development of the wall jet within 200b of the nozzle when the height of the tunnel is more than 40b (b is the height of jet nozzle). The features of the centerline flow in the mid plane of the 3D numerical model are close to those of the 2D simulated plane wall jet when the width of the tunnel is more than 20b.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2020

Background Infraorbital nerve dysfunction is commonly reported after zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. We evaluated sensory changes in four designated areas (eyelid, nose, zygoma, and lip) innervated by the infraorbital nerve. This evaluation was conducted using the static two-point discrimination test and the vibration threshold test. We assessed the diagnostic significance of the blink reflex in patients with infraorbital nerve dysfunction. Methods This study included 18 patients, all of whom complained of some degree of infraorbital nerve dysfunction preoperatively. A visual analog scale, the infraorbital blink reflex, static two-point discrimination, and the vibration threshold were assessed preoperatively, at 1 month postoperatively (T1), and at a final follow-up that took place at least 4 months postoperatively (T4). The results were analyzed using a multilevel generalized linear mixed model. Results Scores on the visual analog scale significantly improved at T1 and T4. The infraorbital blink reflex significantly improved at T4. Visual analog scale scores improved more rapidly than the infraorbital blink reflex. Two-point discrimination significantly improved in all areas at T4, and the vibration perception threshold significantly improved in the eyelid at T4. Conclusions Recovery of the infraorbital blink reflex reflected the recovery of infraorbital nerve dysfunction. We also determined that the lip tended to recover later than the other areas innervated by the infraorbital nerve.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1106-1113
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• 1996

The phase criterion of the feedback cycle of low-speed edgetones has been obtained using the jet-edge interaction model which is based on the substitution of an array of dipoles for the reaction of the wedge to the impinging jet. The edgetone is produced by the feedback loop between the downstream-convected sinuous disturbance and upstream-propagating waves generated by the impingement of the disturbance on the wedge. By estimation of the phase difference between the downstream and the upstream disturbances, the relationship between the edge distance and the wavelength is obtained according to the phase-locking condition at the nozzle lip. With a little variation depending on the characteristics of jet-edge interaction, the criterion can be approximated as follows: h/.LAMBDA. + h/.lambda. = n - 1/4, where h is the stand-off distance between the nozzle lip and the edge tip, .LAMBDA. is the wavelength of downstream-convected wave, .lambda. is the wavelength of the upstream-propagating acoustic wave and n is the stage number for the ladder-like characteristics of frequency. The present criterion has been confirmed by estimating wavelengths from available experimental data and investigating their appropriateness. The above criterion has been found to be effective up to 90.deg. of wedge angle corresponding to the cavitytones.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.29-32
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• 2001

Visual speech information improves the performance of speech recognition, especially in noisy environment. We have tested the various spatial-temporal features for the Korean lipreading and evaluated the performance by using a hidden Markov model based classifier. The results have shown that the direction as well as the magnitude of the movement of the lip contour over time is useful features for the lipreading.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.188-191
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 화자의 입모양의 변화를 분석하여 발음된 음성을 인식하는 방법에 관하여 연구하였다. 입모양 변화를 나타내는 특징벡터의 서로 다른 선택이 인식성능에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 특징벡터로서는 ASM(Active Shape Model) 파라메터와 Acticulatory 파라메터를 특별히 선택하여 인식성능을 비교하였다. 모의실험 결과, Articulatory 파라메터를 사용하는 것이 인식성능도 더 우수하고 계산량도 더 적음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.832-842
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• 2009

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has been successfully applied to many real human computer interaction (HCI) applications; however, its performance tends to be significantly decreased under noisy environments. The invention of audio visual speech recognition (AVSR) using an acoustic signal and lip motion has recently attracted more attention due to its noise-robustness characteristic. In this paper, we describe our novel integration scheme for AVSR based on a late integration approach. Firstly, we introduce the robust reliability measurement for audio and visual modalities using model based information and signal based information. The model based sources measure the confusability of vocabulary while the signal is used to estimate the noise level. Secondly, the output probabilities of audio and visual speech recognizers are normalized respectively before applying the final integration step using normalized output space and estimated weights. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method via Korean isolated word recognition system. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our proposed system compared to the conventional systems.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2003

There are significant limitations in the precision of mandibular distraction in setting a desired occlusal and facial esthetic outcome. The purpose of this study is to present the simulation method for the distraction osteogenesis treatment planning. 3-D surgery simulation software programs V-works and V-Surgery(Cybermed, Seoul, Korea) were used from the 3D CT data in addition to the conventional data facial photography, panorama and cephalogram, dental cast model. We have utilized already for the various surgical procedures to get information preoperatively for the maxillofacial surgery like cancer localization and reconstructive surgery, orthognathic surgery and implant surgery in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. On the software, bone cutting can be done at any place and any direction. Separated bone segment can be mobilized in all 3 dimensional direction. After the 3D simulation on the software program, mock surgery on the RP model can be performed. This planning method was applied to two hemifacial microsomia patients. With this protocol, we could simulate the movement of bony segment after maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.981-989
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• 1998

하악 전치의 위치와 각도, 형태와 근원심 폭경 등은 심미성, 전치부의 적절한 교합, 그리고 치료 후 안정성 측면에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 하악 전치가 선천적으로 결손된 경우 수평피개 및 수직피개의 증가, 인접치의 이동, 공극 및 치아 크기 부조화 등 교정적으로 복잡한 문제를 야기할 수 있으므로 하악 전치 결손시 이에 대한 충분한 고려가 필요하다. 하악 전치 결손의 치료계획 수립시 전치의 위치와 각도, 입술 모양, crowding양, 견치와 대구치 관계, 수평 및 수직피개, 전후방적 골격 관계 및 치아크기 비율 등이 고려되어야 하며, 전치부 치아 크기 부조화에 대한 정확한 평가를 위해 diagnostic model set-up을 시행하는 것이 많은 도움이 된다. 본 증례의 두 환자는 모두 하악 전치 2개가 결손되었지만 crowding양, 골격 관계 및 입술 모양, 구치 관계 등이 달랐으며 이에 따른 치료 계획 역시 발치 및 비발치로 상이하였다. 앞으로 두 환자의 치료후 안정 및 유지에 대한 장기간의 관찰이 필요하리라 사료된다.