• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 2012

The objectives of this study were to develop a linked watershed-waterbody modeling system and to assess the impacts of indirect wastewater reuse on irrigation water quality. The Osan stream watershed within Gyeonggi-do of South Korea was selected for this study. The linked modeling system was composed of the SWAT (Soil and water assessment tool) and QUALKO2 models. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the stream discharge and water quality data from 2010 to 2011. Runoff and non-point source pollutants from each subbasin and stream discharge from 1980 to 2009 were simulated by the SWAT model and applied to the QUALKO2 model. The QUALKO2 model was calibrated and validated under the conditions of low water and normal discharges, respectively. Finally, The 10-day irrigation water quality from April to September was simulated. The statistical measures of coefficient of determination ($R^2$), reliability index (RI), and efficiency index (EI) were used to evaluate the system performance. The $R^2$, RI and EI values ranged from 0.5 to 1.0, 1.03 to 1.92, and -35.03 to 0.95, respectively. The 10-day irrigation water quality showed the concentrations of BOD and coliform exceeded the water quality guidelines for wastewater reuse. The linked modeling system can be a useful tool to estimate non-point source pollutant loads in watershed and to control the water quality of effluent from a wastewater treatment plant and irrigation water in the downstream waterbody.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.23-38
• /
• 2012

Objective : Ankylosing Spodylitis(AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is notorious for its difficulty to cure. This study aims to interpret the mechanism of AS in the Traditional Korean Medical(TKM) perspective, and to understand the role of the spine. Method : Clinical manifestations of AS, epidemiological data and clinical cases were interpreted by traditional methodology. Result : The young age group of patients suffering from this condition suggests that the cause of this condition is not solely linked to deficiency of the Kidney[腎], which is a general cause for bone disease. Its symptoms are linked to obstruction in the upper body, which results in disturbance of Jeong(精) collection in the lower body. Based on other accompanying symptoms, together with its character as an autoimmune disease, a strong link to the spirit of the heart[心神] can be suggested. Conclusion : AS is closely linked not only to essence of kidney[腎陰], but to the spirit of the heart[心神] as well. From the TKM analysis of the spine, we can understand it as the basic pathway for the fundamental Gi(氣) circulation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.503-515
• /
• 1989

Critical parameters affecting sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for detection of antibodies to avian infections bronchitis virus(IBV) were standardized. By adopting the optimized conditions an equation calculating ELISA antibody titers from the observations at single serum dilution was formulated. The purified antigen of IBV Mass-41 strain was dispensed into polystyrene microplate wells at a concentration of 300ng per well($100{\mu}l$) and the plates were coated by completey drying at $37^{\circ}C$. Diluted chicken serum and horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-chicken IgG were added in order in $100{\mu}l$ volumes per well and allowed to react for 30 minutes each at room temperature. Just before use and after each reaction the plates were washed three times with distilled water. Finally o-phenylenediamine solution was added as an enzyme substrate. After incubation for another 15 minutes at room temperature absorbances were read at 492nm. Hyperimmune serum against Mass-41 strain was used as internal reference positive(IRP) serum. After repeated titration of IRP and negative serum, a constant titer of IRP was determined. Serum titrations were carried out for various sample sera together with IRP and negative sera and the observed titers of sample sera were corrected by reflecting the ratio between observed and constant titers of IRP serum. These corrected titers of the sample sera were plotted against sample/positive(S/P) OD ratios. All the OD's measured in the serum titrations were also corrected by substracting negative serum OD. The following equation was formulated from the above data; $Log_{10}$ ELISA titer=$5.568({\log}_{10}S/P)+4.161$ Thus it was possible to calculate ELISA titer by measuring absorbance at 1/400 single serum dilution. Titer measured by cross ELISA tests employing Mass-41 strain and three local IBV isolates were similar. These results suggest that the ELISA tests standardized in this study can be used for evaluating not only vaccinal immunity but also for infection status against fields IBV's.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.111-133
• /
• 2021

Purpose - Although remittance payment in international trade settlements has played a bigger role in recent years, scant research is being done. This study is to zero in on analyzing determinants of international trade payments focused on remittance by constructing a payment prediction model. Design/methodology - This study categorizes the types of trade payments into advance remittance, post remittance, linked remittance, letter of credit, and mixed payment, and analyzes these after constructing a logit model. For empirical analysis, 147 survey data were collected for export manufacturers in Korea, and binominal logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the type of payment method the exporter chooses for trade transactions. Findings - The likelihood of choosing advance remittance increased as the exporters had non-recovery experiences with payments, and decreased as the market power of importers increased. The possibility of post remittance increased when the export amount was large and the character of the buyer was reliable. In the case of linked remittance, it was highly likely to be selected when payment efficiency was important in trade settlement. In addition, when competition among companies in the global market is intense and market uncertainty is high, the possibility of using a letter of credit decreases. It was also found that the greater the export amount, the greater the possibility of choosing advance remittance, and even if the transaction period was longer, exporters using a letter of credit continued to use it. Originality/value - Despite the high proportion of remittances in international trade settlements, it has been hard to find studies that reflect the practical characteristics of remittances. This study classified the types of remittance into advance remittance, post remittance, and linked remittance, and built a trade payment prediction model by adding a letter of credit and mixed payment. In addition, the originality of this study is recognized in that a logistic model was constructed and meaningful results were derived.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.62 no.5
• /
• pp.193-197
• /
• 2019

Alport syndrome (ATS) is an inherited glomerular disease caused by mutations in one of the type IV collagen novel chains (${\alpha}3$, ${\alpha}4$, and ${\alpha}5$). ATS is characterized by persistent microscopic hematuria that starts during infancy, eventually leading to either progressive nephritis or end-stage renal disease. There are 3 known genetic forms of ATS, namely X-linked ATS, autosomal recessive ATS, and autosomal dominant ATS. About 80% of patients with ATS have X-linked ATS, which is caused by mutations in the type IV collagen ${\alpha}5$ chain gene, COL4A5. Although an 80% mutation detection rate is observed in men with X-linked ATS, some difficulties do exist in the genetic diagnosis of ATS. Most mutations are point mutations without hotspots in the COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes. Further, there are insufficient data on the detection of COL4A3 and COL4A4 mutations for their comparison between patients with autosomal recessive or dominant ATS. Therefore, diagnosis of ATS in female patients with no apparent family history can be challenging. Therefore, in this study, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify mutations in type IV collagen in 2 girls with glomerular basement membrane structural changes suspected to be associated with ATS; these patients had no relevant family history. Our results revealed de novo c.4688G>A (p.Arg1563Gln) and c.2714G>A (p.Gly905Asp) mutations in COL4A5. Therefore, we suggest that WES is an effective approach to obtain genetic information in ATS, particularly in female patients without a relevant family history, to detect unexpected DNA variations.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2001

A nuclear Power Plant is composed of a number of mechanical components. Maintaining the integrity of these components is one of the most critical issues in nuclear industry. In order to evaluate the integrity of these mechanical components, a lot of data are required including inspection data, geometrical data, material properties, etc. Therefore, an effective database system is essential to manage the integrity of nuclear power plant. For this purpose, an internet based virtual reality environment and web database system was proposed. The developed virtual reality environment provides realistic geometrical configurations of mechanical components using VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). The virtual reality environment was linked with the web database, which can manage the required data for the integrity evaluation. The proposed system is able to share the information regarding the integrity evaluation through internet, and thus, will be suitable for an integrated system for the maintenance of mechanical components.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 1998

In this paper, various techniques considering the characteristics of computer memory management are suggested, which can be used in the implementation of simplex method. First, reduction technique of indirect addressing, redundant references of memory, and scatter/gather technique are implemented, and the effectiveness of the techniques is shown. Loop-unrolling technique, which exploits the arithmetic operation mechanism of computer, is also implemented. Second, a subroutine frequently called is written in low-level language, and the effectiveness is proved by experimental results. Third, row-column linked list and Gustavson's data structure are compared as the data structure for the large sparse matrix in LU form. Last, buffering technique and memory-mapped file which can be used in reading large data file are implemented and the effectiveness is shown.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we propose a method to design and implement a smart pipeline information management system that can provide visualization information linked to GIS and roadmap based on the construction of precise pipeline buried information. The smart pipeline information management system consists of a positioning device for high-precision pipeline location measurement and surround view image data recording, a database for data storage and management, and a mobile app for remote monitoring and management. It connects surrounding image data and location data with GIS and roadmap. Convenience and accessibility of management can be improved.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 2024

Blockchain is a decentralized network in which data blocks are linked. Through a decentralized peer-to-peer network, users can create shared databases, resulting in a trustworthy and aggregated database known as a blockchain that enhances reliability and security. The distributed nature of the blockchain enables data to be stored on multiple nodes, eliminating the need for a central server or platform. This disintermediation significantly reduces the transaction and administrative costs. The blockchain is particularly valuable in applications where reliability and stability are critical because it establishes an open database that ensures data integrity, making it virtually impossible to tamper with or falsify data. This study explores the diverse applications of the blockchain technology in virtual assets, such as cryptocurrency, decentralized finance, central bank digital currency, nonfungible tokens, and metaverses. In addition, it analyzes the potential prospects and developments driven by these innovative technologies.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.35-57
• /
• 2021

This paper is to grasp the current trends of national bibliographies through analyzing representative national bibliographies using literature review, analysis of national bibliographies' web pages and survey. First, in order to conform to the definition of a national bibliography as a record of a national publication, it attempts to include a variety of materials from print to electronic resources, but in reality it cannot contain all the materials, so there are exceptions. It is impossible to create a general selection guide for national bibliography coverage, and a plan that reflects the national characteristics and prepares a valid and comprehensive coverage based on analysis is needed. Second, cooperation with publishers and libraries is being made to efficiently generate national bibliography. For the efficiency of national bibliography generation, changes should be sought such as the standardization and consistency, the collection level metadata description for digital resources, and the creation of national bibliography using linked data. Third, national bibliography is published through the national bibliographic online search system, linked data search, MARC download using PDF, OAI-PMH, SRU, Z39.50, and mass download in RDF/XML format, and is integrated with the online public access catalog or also built separately. Above all, national bibliographies and online public access catalogs need to be built in a way of data reuse through an integrated library system. Fourth, as a differentiated function for national bibliography, various services such as user tagging and national bibliographic statistics are provided along with various browsing functions. In addition, services of analysis of national bibliographic big data, links to electronic publications, and mass download of linked data should be provided, and it is necessary to identify users' needs and provide open services that reflect them in order to develop differentiated services. Through the current trends and considerations of the national bibliographies analyzed in this study, it will be possible to explore changes in national and international national bibliography.