• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.670-678
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• 1997

A method to mitigate the thermal stratification phenomenon of pressurizer surge line is proposed by heating bottom outside of horizontal pipe. Unsteady two dimensional model has been used to numerically investigate an effect of heating the bottom of pipe. The dimensionless governing equations are solved by using the control volume formulation and SIMPLE algorithm. Temperature and streamline profiles of fluids and pipe walls with time are compared with the previous study result. The numerical result of this study shows that the outside heating can relaxate the thermal stratification flow of the pressurizer surge line. Maximum dimensionless temperature difference between hot and cold sections of the pipe inner wall which causes thermal stratification was reduced from 0.514 to 0.424 at dimensionless time 1, 632 and 1, 500 respectively.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.271-285
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• 2006

A two-dimensional photochemical transport model (2D PTM) is simulated to describe the transport and chemical reaction of ozone related to aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere. The vertical profiles and total amounts of ozone, which are advected by both residual Eulerian circulation and the adiabatic circulation under certain circumstance, have been compared with the observation data such as ozonesondes, Brewer spectrometer, the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrophotometer (TOMS). As a result, we find that the observed distribution of ozone Is adequately reproduced in the model at middle and high latitude in the Northern Hemisphere as well as at Phang ($36^{\circ}\;02'N,\;129^{\circ}\;23'E$) in South Korea. In particular, the 2D PTM is well simulated in the ozone decrease due to the Pinatubo volcanic eruption in 1991. However, ozone mixing ratio are more underestimated than those of UARS and ozonesondes, because are very sensitive to the latitude of transport across the tropopause associated with both Rummukainen errors and off-line model. Relative mean bias errors and relative root mean square errors of ozone calculations using the 2D PTM are shown within${\pm}10%$, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2016

The biological wastewater treatment plant, which uses microbial community to remove organic matter and nutrients in wastewater, is known as its nonlinear behavior and uncertainty to operate. Therefore, operation of the biological wastewater treatment process much depends on observation and knowledge of operators. The manual inspection of human operators is essential to manage the process properly, however, it is impossible to detect a fault promptly so that the process can be exposed to improper condition not securing safe effluent quality. Among various process faults, equipment malfunction is critical to maintain normal operational state. To detect equipment faults automatically, the dynamic time warping was tested using on-line oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), which is a type of wastewater treatment process. After one cycle profiles of ORP and DO were measured and stored, they were warped to the template profiles which were prepared already and the distance result, accumulated distance (D) values were calculated. If the D values were increased significantly, some kinds of faults could be detected and an alarm could be sent to the operator. By this way, it seems to be possible to make an early detecting of process faults.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

본 연구는 크기와 형상이 동일한 2차원 모래언덕이 계속해서 이어지는 2차원 난류유동장의 해석에 관한 연구이다. 실험은 완전발달 유동장이 형성된 Flume에서 PIV를 사용하여 진행되었다. 모래언덕의 모형은 강화유리로 제작되었으므로 그 형상은 흐름에 의하여 변하지 않는 경우이다. 연구를 통하여 모래언덕을 지나는 유동의 일반적인 특성들을 재확인할 수 있었는데, 여기에는 재순환영역의 크기, 유통박리 영역과 재부착영역 등이 포함된다. 언덕의 정상 (y/h=1) 부근을 따라 유동방향으로 난류와 와도가 매우 크게 얻어졌으며, 뚜렷이 구별되지는 않지만 y/h=2 부근에는 그 전 언덕들로부터 전달되어진 난류유동특성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 지반의 전단파 속도 주상도를 획득하기 위한 현장 시험법으로 표준관입시험 샘플러를 가진원으로 이용한 업홀 시험기법을 연구하였다. 제안된 업홀 시험은 지표면에 여러 개의 속도계를 시추 장비로부터 일정한 간격으로 한 줄로 배치를 하고 표준관입시험의 시료 채취기로부터 발생되는 진동원의 신호를 계측하여 지반의 전단파속도 주상도를 도출하는 방법이다. 여러 선행 실험을 통하여 확립된 업홀 시험 방법 및 결과 분석법에 대해 소개하였다. 진동원과 감지기간의 거리가 멀기 때문에 지반에서 진행되는 전단파의 진행 경로는 지반의 강성 변화에 근거한 굴절 경로를 적용하였다. 국내 3개 시힘 부지에서 수행한 업홀 시힘결과를 동일 부지에서 행한 다운홀, SASW시험 및 SPT-N치와 비교하여 봄으로써 제안된 업홀 시험의 현장 적용성을 확인하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.68.3-69
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• 2021

We present a novel profile stacking technique based on optimal profile decomposition of a 3D spectral line data cube, and its performance test using the HI data cubes of sample galaxies from HI galaxy surveys, THINGS and LITTLE THINGS. Compared to the previous approach which aligns all the spectra of a cube using their central velocities derived from either moment analysis, single Gaussian or hermite h3 polynomial fitting, the new method makes a profile decomposition of the profiles from which an optimal number of single Gaussian components is derived for each profile. The so-called superprofile which is derived by co-adding all the aligned profiles from which the other Gaussian models are subtracted is found to have weaker wings compared to the ones constructed in a typical manner. This could be due to the reduced number of asymmetric profiles in the new method. A practical test made on the HI data cubes of the THINGS and LITTLE THINGS galaxies shows that our new method can extract more mass of kinematically cold HI components in the galaxies than the previous results. Additionally, we fit a double Gaussian model to the superprofiles whose S/N is boosted, and quantify not only their profile shapes but derive the ratio of the Gaussian model parameters, such as the intensity ratio and velocity dispersion ratio of the narrower and broader Gaussian components. We discuss how the superprofile properties of the sample galaxies are correlated with their other physical properties, including star formation rate, stellar mass, metallicity, and gas mass.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2019

Blazed 격자구조에 의한 광 신호의 회절 특성을 분석하기 위하여 처음으로 격자구조의 Toeplitz 유전율 tensor를 2D spatial Fourier 급수로 정의하고 공식화하였다. 그때 각 층에서의 필드들은 고유치 문제에 기초하여 표현하였으며, 완전한 해는 적절한 경계 값 문제에 의존하는 모드 전송선로 이론 (MTLT)을 사용하여 정확하게 유도하였다. 비대칭형 blazed 격자구조의 Toeplitz 유전율 tensor에 기초하여 대칭형과 톱니형 격자구조의 Toeplitz 행렬을 정의하고 각 격자구조에 대한 회절특성을 수치해석 하였다. 수치해석 결과, 비대칭형과 대칭형 구조는 무반사 (anti-reflection) GMR 필터 특성을 나타내었으며, 대칭형 구조가 비대칭형 구조보다 광대역 필터특성을 보였다. 이에 반하여 톱니형 격자 구조는 무반사보다 무투과 (anti-transmission) 필터의 특성이 더욱 강하게 나타났다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.442-449
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• 2000

Before the complete construction of new high-speed line between Seoul and Pusan, KTX is going to operate on both new high-speed line between Seoul and Daegu and electrified conventional lines between Daegu and Pusan. Then, the wheels of KTX are going to operate on various rails such as KS50N and KS60 of conventional line as well as UIC60 of high-speed line. Also, conventional line will have a mixed traffic mode with various types of trains operating on it, such as Saemaul and Mugunghwa. Hence, this study reviews the wear phenomena of wheels and rails in geometrical point of view by comparing their profiles. The analyses of the results show that because UIC60 rail is designed for KTX, KS50N rail whose profile is similar to that of UIC60 will not have any impact on the shape of wheel wear. On the other hand, KS60 rail is expected to have partial wear on both the flange of KTX wheel and the gauge corner of the rail in the initial stages. However, the operation of the trains whose wheels have 1/20 conicity will cause partial sidewear on the inside of the rail and the movement of the contact point between KTX wheel and the rail toward the inside of the track. As a result, the flange wear of KTX wheel will be reduced and the formation of wear-equilibrium profile will be faster.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 1998

A chimeric gene comprising murine whey acidic protein(mWAP) and human growth hormone(hGH) was used to produce transgenic rats express hGH and secrete it into the blood. Two lines of transgenic rats carrying the mWAP/hGH construct were established; High line was characterized by relatively high levels of serum hGH, and low line had relatively low levels. The secretory profiles of rat GH(rGH) as well as hGH, the transgene product, were obtained in transgenic males and females of low line; both hGH and rGH serum levels were flattened with no episodic fluctuations, and the overall mean concentration of rGH was significantly lower than in normal littermates. Although the animals of High line showed an acceles, as assessed by vaginal opening and occurrence of first ovulation, advanced by 7∼8 days in both lines of animals. Accordingly, the body weight at puberty of low line transgenic females was much lower than that of normal littermates, indicating that continuous hGH expression could induce precocious puberty without enhancing the growth rate.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2002

In order to survey the radiation characteristics of pure line noise of unwanted noise from overhead high voltage AC transmission lines, a disk type gap noise generator was manufactured. Disk size which decides capacitance between the noise generator and earth was selected through preliminary indoor experiments and analysis by using surface charge method. The capacitance is one of principal parameters related to the injection of a proper noise current into lines. On the basis of the capacitance obtained from calculation, 5mm of space was given to the gap of the noise generator to be installed o test line and an aluminum disk of 60cm radius was made. The field experiments were performed with the noise generator hung on the Kochang 765 kV full scale test line. As the results, the useful data which can be used to analysis the radiation characteristics of noise from transmission lines were obtained. Those are the directivity of antenna toward the line, lateral profiles, frequency spectra, height pattern and so on.