• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.191-205
• /
• 2018

With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, many consumer products have adopted AI features for providing proactive and personalized services to customers. One of the most prominent products featuring AI techniques is a smart speaker. The fundamental of smart speaker is a portable wireless Internet connecting speaker which already have existed in a consumer market. By applying AI techniques, smart speakers can recognize human voices and communicate with them. In addition, they can control other connecting devices and provide offline services. The goal of this study is to identify the impact of AI techniques for customer rating to the products. We compared customer reviews of other portable speakers without AI features and those of a smart speaker. Amazon echo is used for a smart speaker and JBL Flip 4 Bluetooth Speaker and Ultimate Ears BOOM 2 Panther Limited Edition are used for the comparison. These products are in the same price range ($50~100) and selected as featured products in Amazon.com. All reviews for the products were collected and common words for all products and unique words of the smart speaker were identified. Information gain values were calculated to identify the influences of words to be rated as positive or negative. Positive and negative words in all the products or in Amazon echo were identified, too. Topic modeling was applied to the customer reviews on Amazon echo and the importance of each topic were measured by summating information gain values of each topic. This study provides a way of identifying customer responses on the AI feature and measuring the importance of the feature among diverse features of the products.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.14
• /
• pp.71-98
• /
• 1987

After 1970s, because of an increasing peoples for higher education and graduate school-oriented education system, quantities of thesis were produced for short term and they began to be an important part of gift materials in university libraries. As an unpublished documents, thesis is narrow in subject, deep in content, irregular is page, incomplete in binding and produce limited-edition during short time simultaneously at most institutions. So most libraries are in difficulties for acquisition processing and circulation. Because of an increasing number of thesis will be produce and cutback of budget, shortage of staff, library service for user will be difficult and rational and efficient management is absolutely essential to library. In form and content, thesis is in distinction with other library materials, they must be handler as an independent item and library will seek an a n.0, ppropriate processing and using method of them. Analysis and synthesis of this study are summarized as follows. 1. In acquisition of thesis, it is desirable that they has an independent accession book with a simplified processing procedure and the binding of them is desirable together with subject field(major or department) by institutions. 2. In classification and cataloging of thesis, it is rational that library use the same classification scheme as other materials and expand in details. Simplified catalog will be reduce the time and/or personnel problem than using the traditional KCR or AACR. 3. As an retrieval tool, author, title, shelf and subject catalog must be prepared in thesis room. Index of thesis will be available for retrieval with the trend of union list and Korean periodicals index (National Assembly Library, Republic of Korea) must include the thesis. 4. Because of the nature and characteristics of thesis, library has to equip an independent room and open stack for the a n.0, ppropriate retrieval and frequent use. Qualified librarian must serve for the efficient circulation service.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.611-637
• /
• 2014

A single plate shear connection, or shear tab, is a very popular shear connection due to its merit in ease of construction and material economy. However, problems in understanding the connection behavior, both in terms of strength and ductility, have been well-documented. Suggestions or design model for single plate connections in AISC Design Manual have been altered several times, with the latest edition settling down to giving designers pre-calculated design strength tables if the connection details agree with given configurations. Results from many full-scale tests and finite element models in the past suggest that shear strength of a bolt group in single plate shear connections might be affected by yield strength of plate material; therefore, this research was aimed to investigate and clarify effects of plate yield strength and thickness on shear strength of the bolt group in the connections, including the validity of using a plate thickness/bolt diameter ratio ($t_p/d_b$) in design, by using finite element models. More than 20 models have been created by using ABAQUS program with 19.0- and 22.2-mm A325N bolts and A36 and Gr.50 plates with various thicknesses. Results demonstrated that increase of plate thickness or plate yield strength, with the $t_p/d_b$ ratio remained intact, could significantly reduce shear strength of the bolt group in the connection as much as 15 percent. Results also confirmed that the $t_p/d_b$ ratio is a valid indicator to be used for guaranteeing strength sufficiency. Because the actual ratio recommended by AISC Design Manual is $t_p/d_b$ + 1.6 (mm) for connections with a number of bolts less than six and plate yield strength in construction is normally higher than the nominal value used in design, it is proposed that shear strength of a bolt group in single plate connections with a number of bolts equal or greater than seven be reduced by 15 percent and the $t_p/d_b$ ratio be limited to 0.500.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.14
• /
• pp.177-218
• /
• 2000

Global Electronic Trading means that trading partners trade each other via Global Electronic Trading Network, that is, global business to business electronic commerce. Recently, where the cargo arrives ahead of the B/L, the importer cannot take delivery of the cargo without the B/L. This situation is referred to as the B/L dilemma. But the BOLERO system will resolve this B/L dilemma. Bolero Project is developing a cross industry utility platform for the secure, electronic transfer of commercial trade information world wide. After the successful testing of an original pilot project, The Bolero Association was formed in 1995 by a group of interested cross industry companies. As a joint venture between SWIFT and TT Club, bolero.net is changing the way the world trades by providing a web-based, paperless mode of commerce that is designed to become a global standard. Bolero International Limited published the first edition of Bolero Rulebook in 1999. The Bolero Rulebook as amended from time to time, governing the relationship between Users and their rights and obligations arising from the Bolero system. The Bolero service will be governed by a multilateral contract called the Bolero Rule Book which specifies the rights and responsibilities of Bolero and its users. The Title Registry and Bolero Bill of Lading provide a fully functional equivalent to the paper bill of lading. The Bolero Bill of Lading can be created, transferred, amended, and surrendered by way of designating to order party, blank endorsement, refusal by the transferee etc. Thus, this study deals with the functions of Bolero Bill of Lading and the problems and solutions in the Bolero Bill of Lading in point of definitions and operation under the Bolero Rulebook.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.59 no.7
• /
• pp.50-64
• /
• 2009

In current society, products and services are positioned to match customers' lifestyles and emotions. One example of such can be collaboration strategies. Various types of collaboration can be found and should be applied to academic research in terms of fashion designing as well as in marketing. As a result, this research focuses on defining collaboration and identifying its different forms. Case studies are provided for each form of collaboration. A set of emotional factors required for collaboration and a domestic fashion brand is selected in order to carry out analysis and design production. As a result of this study, the following conclusions were reached. First, collaboration can be defined as two or more companies, brands or even individuals working together for an agreed period of time by sharing core competencies and advantages in order to pursuit profit and value creation. Second, collaboration types can be specified into two categories which are collaboration between companies within the fashion industry and collaborations with companies outside the fashion industry. In addition, companies may collaborate with the purpose of enhancing value, broadening its areas of business and to execute an event. Third, according to the case studies examined, effects of collaboration can be upgrade of brand images, variety of promotional benefits and increase in sales. Fourth, the selections of collaboration targets were made. MOGG and Sex&the City were chosen in order to apply collaboration strategies in line with promoting the domestic womens' wear market. Fifth, by considering and applying all the findings from the research, the limited edition line was produced under the design concept of 'Sex and the City with MOGG'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.58 no.6
• /
• pp.110-123
• /
• 2008

The objectives of this study are to define the fundamental notions of collaboration in design field. The results of this study are summarized as follows: Firstly, collaboration means a cooperative work which are cooperatively done by collabarator and collaboratee on the equal status within a certain period of time, based on core ability of each of them. This cooperative work is presented with a visual image based on the identity of participants, and it creates an added value. Collaboration is different from convergence and hybrid in the methodological aspects and from brand alliance and strategic alliance in the aspects of the subject of project. Secondly, collaboration has been developing through step of using the specific ability, step of sharing each core abilities, and step of fusing their identities, in a view of the sphere of cooperative work and the intimate relations in reciprocity. Thirdly, according to strategic purpose, collaboration can be classified into value ascending collaboration, image changing collaboration, business-field extension collaboration, and event collaboration. Fourthly, production methods of collaboration consist of limited edition method, premium line method, common line method, producing a collaborative product, and so on. Fifthly, differentiation effect, image upgrade effect, production of higher value-added products, sale increase, diversification of business, sharing the targets, and promotion effect are achievable through collaboration. Sixthly, to make progress in collaboration successfully, the compatibility of combination between collaborator and collaboratee, the superiority of collaboratee, definitude of collaboration, the fit method of collaboration, the novelty of collatoration, possibility of issuing of collaboration, and perfection of collabo-product must be the points which deserve our attention.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2018

Contents of compounds in Rehmanniae Radix change depending on the number of steaming and drying and the drying method. In this study, as an impregnation method for dried Rehmanniae Radix, takju impregnation and cheongju impregnation were carried out and steaming and drying were repeated for 9 times. The changes of 5-HMF and catalpol contents were analyzed according to the number of repetition times to investigate which stage of steaming and drying is preferable. Also, total nitrogen, crude fat, ash, and crude fiber were measured to analyze changes in general components. 5-HMF was not detected in dried Rehmanniae Radix. As a result of repetitive steaming and drying, the content of 5-HMF increased only slightly from 1 to 4-times steaming and drying but increased significantly from 5-times. The catalpol in dried Rehmanniae Radix was not detected after 5 times of steaming and drying. Sucrose, maltose, and glucose were included in dried Rehmanniae Radix before steaming and drying. However, after the process in both Takju impregnation and Cheongju impregnation, galactose and fructose tended to decrease after production and sucrose and glucose tended to decrease after the increase. In this study condition, 6-times and more steaming and drying were appropriate process which met the content criteria (not less than 0.1%) of the Korean Pharmacopoeia (8th edition) for 5-HMF, an index component for quality control of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2001

The biotope network of Susung gu is characterized as dense residence zones forming its core that enable partial biotope in and around the residential zones. First, in district I, it is possible to make these zones connected to the third district. In district II, which is abundant in biotope, it is very important not to continue destoyi9ng the existing biotopes. In the case of district III, old residence zones have fill the severe gap between forests and the Sinchun river, through redevelopment, which covers more than 30% of the biotope area with large scaled linear residence areas. In the case of district IV, limited destruction of biotope and the improvement of nature areas were suggested as the alternative for preservation of biotopes. Consequently, in the construction of the biotope network in Su-sung gu, the maintenance of existing biotopes is required. Int he old residence zones, as redevelopment occurs, by maintaining biotope area of more than 30% and making the scale of residential complexes more than 1ha, it is possible for old residence zones to accomplish the role of providing important green spaces. In the case of newly developed residential zones, by reducing the rate of pavement of traffic conducts, utilizing small sized parks at the junctions and the plantation of trees along the corridors, the entire residence zones are able to accomplish the role of providing important green space. The problem houses and connecting the inner green space of the private houses with the green spaces of the streets in some areas. Futhermore, green spaces of forests must not be used for urban development. Dual planting on sidewalks, planting plots dispersed among streets and median strips must be established on road, too.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2001

Residents of urban area like to be near rural animals during their daily life, so it is important conserve the suburban Yato landscape in Japan. This study targets the species of frogs that are commonly found in Yato paddies. It is necessary to various frogs inhabiting in Yato, because frogs are popular among Japanese, who as children enjoy capturing tadpoles and frogs. Its purpose is to clarify how that composition of frog species changes when the functionality of a frog habitat is diminished by urbanization. The survey, conducted in the Eastern Kanagawa area in central Japan, determined the distribution of each species of frog in grid cells measuring 0.5-$\textrm{km}^2$. It hsows wide distributing species (Hyla japonica; they always inhabit in all paddies), the middle range distributing species (Rhacophorus schlegelii and Rana porosa p.), the limited range distributing species (R. rugosa; they are most critical species, sine they are recognized only two cells), and so on. Correspondence analysis based on the frog species composition in each cell was performed to ascertain the adaptability of each species to various paddy field conditions. The results allowed us to classify cells into four groups according to the composition of the inhabiting species. And we recognized that the process by which frogs disappear occurs in reaction to either of two patterns of change. As paddy fields are improved by farmland consolidation, R. rugosa, R. ornativentris, R. japonica, and Bufo. japonica f. decline rapidly. In plateau areas, a smore andmore paddies are converted into strong, well-drained fields, only H. japonica and R. porosa p. remain. But in hilly areasd, the species composition becomes only H. japonica and R. schlegelii. Finally, we discuss the concept of ecological urban design in the context of the conservation of frog species in Yato paddies.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2006

This study attempted to identify the characteristics of chair design from furniture company, $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$, the furniture manufacturer in Sweden manufacturing mostly the limited edition of art furniture on the basis of the unique management philosophy. There are 12 artists manufactured chairs for $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$. Of them, this study selected 4 artists-Sigurdur Gustafsson, John Kandell, Komplot Design, Mats Theselius-who designed at least more than three chairs. Total 25 chairs were analyzed; 6 from Sigurdur Gustafsson, 8 from John Kandell, 3 from Komplot Design and 8 from Mats Theselius. The chair structure was divided into three parts, seat, back and structure and analyzed by material, color, type of legs and finishing. The following results were derived from the study. First, $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$ secured the regular customers who want to possess the chairs as the artistic works by continuing the small quantity mass-production system insisting that the maximum quantity of production is 360 pieces and the minimum quantity is 33 pieces. Second, the sufficient time and cost were invested in the initial phase of design. This approach seems to be deviated from the traditional business system that has to create the revenue at a glance, but ultimately induces the commercial success by exponentially increasing the revenue through the creation of various product lines. Third, $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$ provides the space that the artists who work for $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$ can sufficiently enjoy the mental composure and luxury required for the designers by strictly selecting the artists and providing the best environment for enabling the creative activities that look like the pure art area. This study enables the further analysis and research on other collections of $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$ that mass-produces the chairs on the basis of the unique philosophy in the world as well as in Sweden using more various kinds of analysis frameworks.