• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2022

As the mechanism underlying glucose metabolism regulation by oxymatrine is unclear, this study investigated the effects of oxymatrine on pyroptosis in INS-1 cells. Flow cytometry was employed to examine cell pyroptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cell pyroptosis was also investigated via transmission electron microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Protein levels were detected using western blotting and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The caspase-1 activity and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 protein (Nrf2) were also assessed. In the high glucose and high fat-treated INS-1 cells (HG + PA), the caspase-1 activity and LDH content, as well as Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, Gsdmd-N, caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels were increased. Moreover, P65 protein levels increased in the nucleus but decreased in the cytoplasm. Oxymatrine attenuated these effects and suppressed high glucose and high fat-induced ROS production. The increased levels of nuclear Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the HG + PA cells were further elevated after oxymatrine treatment, whereas cytoplasmic Nrf2 and Keleh-like ECH-associated protein levels decreased. Additionally, the elevated transcriptional activity of p65 in HG + PA cells was reduced by oxymatrine, whereas that of Nrf2 increased. The results indicate that the inhibition of pyroptosis in INS-1 cells by oxymatrine, a key factor in its glucose metabolism regulation, involves the suppression of the NF-κB pathway and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.549-556
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 무순을 추출용매 및 발아시기에 따라 추출하여 아질산염 소거능, SOD 유사 활성, tyrosinase 저해 활성, xanthine oxidase 저해 활성 그리고 ACE 저해 활성을 측정하였다. 아질산염 소거능 측정에서는 pH 1.2의 Z2조건에서 각 추출물들이 81.44~89.71%로 가장 높은 소거능을 나타내었고 pH 1.2와 pH 4.0의 조건에서 발아 4일째와 8일째의 무순 추출물이 발아 12일째의 무순 추출물보다 높은 소거능 효과를 나타내었다. 또 추출용매에 따라 소거능의 차이는 보였으나 물로 추출한 추출물이 상대적으로 다른 용매 추출물에 비해 소거능 효과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. pH 6.0 조건에서는 에탄올 추출물이 16.12%의 활성을 보여 발아 12일째 무순의 에탄올 추출물과 메탄올 추출물의 소거능 효과와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 무순 추출물의 SOD 유사 활성은 4.57~27.05%의 범위를 보였고 비교물질인 L-ascorbic acid의 활성이 52.15%로 무순 추출물의 활성보다 높은 것으로 나타냈다. 추출물 중에서는 발아 8일째의 아세톤 추출물과 메탄올 추출물의 활성이 높은 것으로 나타났고 발아 12일째의 무순 추출물의 SOD 유사 활성은 4.57~15.59%로 현저히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. Tyrosinase 저해 활성은 발아 8일째와 12일째의 무순 추출물의 활성이 좋았으며, 추출용매는 메탄올 추출물이 62.65~84.89% 측정되어 가장 좋은 저해 활성을 보였다. Xanthine oxidase 저해 활성은 발아 4일째의 무순 추출물이 21.26~29.52%로 아세톤 추출물이 가장 높은 저해능을 나타내었고 발아초기에 비해 발아가 진행됨에 따라 저해능은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 발아시기와 추출용매에 따른 ACE 저해능은 12.48~51.78%의 저해 활성을 보였으며, 발아 8일째의 에탄올 추출물이 51.78%로 각 추출물 중 가장 높은 저해 활성을 보였다. 이와 같은 생리활성 결과를 기초로 하여 천연 기능성 식품의 소재 발굴 및 식품 개발에 있어 연구 활용의 가능성이 있을 것으로 기대되며 일반적으로 섭취하여 큰 효능을 기대하기 어려운 무순을 유효성분만을 추출하여 소재화 하는 것이 더 효율적이라고 판단된다. 또한 현행 건강기능식품법에 따르면 물, 주정, 핵산 등의 추출용매를 사용하여 유효성분을 추출하는 것을 허용하고 있으므로 용매의 종류 및 추출방법에 대한 추가적인 연구를 통해 큰 기대 효과를 줄 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examined the antioxidant activities by water and 70% ethanol extract from durian (Durio zibethinus.) seed, sarcocarp and peel. Durian extract were studied for reducing sugar content, polyphenol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity, electron donating ability, nitrite scavenging ability, flavonoid content, hydroxy radical scavenging activity. Reducing sugar content were increased peel > sarcocarp > seed. Total polyphenol, flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging ability and SOD like activity were increased seed > peel > sarcocarp. Total polyphenol content was relatively high as $21.90{\pm}0.50mg/g$ in the ethanol extract of the seed. DPPH radical scavenging ability was relatively high as $62.08{\pm}2.63%$ in the water extract of the seed. Nitrite scavenging ability was no significant difference. Hydroxy radical scavenging activity was increased seed > peel > sarcocarp, was relatively high as $58.27{\pm}1.13%$ in the water extract of the seed.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Antioxidant activities of Ulmus davidiana root and bark extracts were evaluated by various antioxidant tests, including DPPH radical-scavenging, nitric oxide-scavenging, superoxide anion radical-scavenging, and ABTS radical-scavenging assays, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and reducing power analysis, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Both the extracts showed strong antioxidant activities by these testing methods. Ulmus davidiana root extract possessed strong reducing power and nitric oxide-scavenging activity, and high scavenging activities against free radicals including the superoxide anion, and the ABTS and DPPH radicals, but a weaker scavenging activity of SOD. In contrast, the Ulmus davidiana bark extract exhibited a strong SOD-like activity, but all the other activities were weak. It was observed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Ulmus davidiana root extract were higher than those of the Ulmus davidiana bark extract.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2013

Carthamus tinctorius L. and Eucommia umoides Oliver are often used in traditional herbal medicines for reducing damage to the liver, kidney, bone and muscle. In the present study, we investigated cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity in the human osteoblast-like MG-63 cell line with methanol extracts of Carthami Semen (CS) and Eucommiae Cortex (EC) alone or in a mixture (CS+EC). Osteoblast cell viability was evaluated using the MTS assay and alkaline phosphatase activity assays. The cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased in MG-63 osteoblast cells treated with the CS+EC mixture. These findings suggest the CS+EC mixture may have beneficial effects on bone health through the proliferation of osteoblast cells.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2008

To clerify the protective effect of omega-3 of polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the cytotoxicity induced by organic mercury in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. The measurement of cell viability on ogranic mercury wad done by XTT assay after NIH3T3 fibroblasts were cultured with various concentrations of methyl mercuric chloride (MMC). And also, the effect of DHA on the MMC-mediated cytotoxicity was examined by cell viability, and antioxidant effect of DHA was also assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and the lipid peroxidation activity in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. In this study, MMC decreased cell viability and $XTT_{50}$ value was determined at $50{\mu}M$ of MMC in these culture. In the effect of DHA against the cytotoxicity induced by MMC, DHA significantly increased the cell viability damaged by MMC in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. And also, DHA showed the antioxidant effect by showing the increase of SOD-like activity and the decrease of lipid peroxidation activity. From these results, it is suggested that organic mercury such as MMC has highly toxic effect on cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and also, omega-3 of polyunsaturated fatty acid, DHA showed the protection on MMC-induced cytotoxicity and antioxidant effect.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2018

This study aims to compare and analyze a willow tree (Salix Koreensis andersson) extract's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by investigating its: total polyphenol, flavonoid content, SOD-like activity, DPPH vitality. the willow tree was induced with LPS to determine its active anti-inflammatory effects. as a result, the willow methanol extract showed a higher total polyphenol and flavonoid content than those of willow distilled water extract, but the willow distilled water extract showed a higher SOD than that of willow methanol extract. in its DPPH scavenging ability, the willow methanol extract's antioxidant activity was higher than that of the willow distilled water extract. the willow extract's measurements such as the production of NO, inflammatory cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 measurement) were significantly reduced as its concentration level went down. according to the research outcomes, when induced, he will extract's macrophage produces mediator-like substances such as NO and inflammatory cytokine that can be used to alleviate the inflammatory response. therefore, the willow tree proved to be a useful raw plant material for the products designed to combat inflammatory activities due to its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response substances such as NO and cytokine.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

본 실험은 볼락 종묘를 안정적으로 대량 생산하는 데 필 수적인 자치어기의 성장과 소화효소인 trypsin, pepsin-like enzyme, amylase 그리고 lipase의 activity를 측정하여 소화생리에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 산출 직후 자어의 체장은 $5.01{\pm}0.22 mm$이었던 것이 산출 후 100일에는 $36.01{\pm}1.22 mm$ 까지 성장하였고, 습중량은 산출 후 70일 전후로 급격히 증가하였다. trysin 활성은 산출후 2일째 처음으로 확인되어 $7.00{\pm}1.48$ unit을 나타내고 산출후 66일 $1425{\pm}230$ unit으로 peak를 나타내었다. pepsin-like enzyme 활성은 산출 후 11일째 처음으로 확인되었고 산출후 66일째 $902{\pm}160$ unit까지 급격히 증가하였다. Lipase 활성은 산출후 2일째 $4.5{\pm}1.4$ unit으로 확인되었고 산출후 47일계에는 $38.3{\pm}0.4$unit로 peak를 나타내었다. Amylase 활성은 산출후 11일째 $0.18{\pm}0.11$ unit으로 처음 확인되었고 산출후 50일째 $23.48{\pm}5.11$ unit까지 급격히 증가하였다. specific activity는 trypsin이 산출후 14일째, pepsin-like enzyme이 61일째 peak를 나타냈다. 볼락의 체중이 현저하게 증가하는 시기에 맞춰서 각 효소와 전활성이 급격히 상승하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이것은 이시기가 위선이 기능적으로 역할을 하는 시기와 일치하므로 단백질 소화능력의 비약적인 증가가 체중 증가에 크게 관여하였음을 나타낸다. 그러므로 본 실험에서 확인 된 체중이 급격히 증가하는 시기는 볼락 양식에 있어서 사료 전환기 즉, 생물사료에서 배합사료로 전환하기에 적당하다고 할 수 있겠다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.636-642
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• 2007

Background: CpG DNA plays an important role in immune cell function. This study examined whether the temporal control of toll-like receptor (TLR)9 by CpG DNA can regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9). Methods and materials: Macrophages were cultured in the presence of 10% FBS. For the various MMP genes analysis, RT-PCR and real-time PCR were performed. In addition, zymography assay performed for the MMP activity. The phosphorylation assay did for the ERK1/2 and NF${\kappa}B$ activation, and luciferase promoter assay was for the NF${\kappa}B$ activity. Results: CpG DNA induced the mRNA expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13, but not of MMP-7, MMP-8, and MMP-12, in a time-dependent manner. Especially, the mRNA expression of MMP-9 was strongly induced by CpG DNA using real-time RT-PCR. The TLR9 inhibitor, chloroquine, suppressed CpG DNA-induced MMP-9 expression and its activity. Moreover, CpG DNA induced the phosphorylation of ERK and the inhibition of ERK by U0126 suppressed CpG DNA-induced MMP-9 expression and its activity. CpG DNA stimulated $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation and luciferase activity. In addition, pretreatment of SN-50, the inhibitor of NF${\kappa}B$, strongly blocked the CpG DNA-induced MMP-9 expression and activity. Conclusion: These observations suggest that CpG DNA may play important roles in the activation of macrophages by regulating the production of MMP-9 via the sequential TLR9-ERK-NF${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2006

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) catalyzes the lysine-derived cross-links of fibrillar collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix. Recent molecular cloning has revealed existence of a LOX family consisting of LOX and four lysyl oxidase-like proteins (LOXL, LOXL2, LOXL3 and LOXL4). Pathological conditions associated with impaired LOX activity in several heritable and acquired disorders lead to severe structural and functional abnormalities of cardiovascular tissues, such as occlusion of coronary arteries and aneurysms, suggesting an essential role for the LOX family proteins in the maintenance of the cardiovascular system. However, the specific roles of the lysyl oxidase-like proteins in normal and pathological conditions of the cardiovascular tissues have not been established yet. Here, I report that LOXL3, a novel member of the LOX family, is predominantly expressed in the aorta, with an amine oxidase activity toward collagen and elastin, suggesting an essential role of LOXL3 in the development and maintenance of the aorta.