• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

Austomated visual inspection(AVI) capability has become an important key component in the automated manufacturing system. In such a visual inspection system an intensity(or color) image of a scene is quickly affected by optical property of objects, condition and roughness of surface, lens and filters, image sensor property and lighting system. In particular, the lighting system disign is the most important factor, since it affects overall performance of the visual system. For fast and cheap automated visual inspection system it is important to obtain the good image quality which results from careful attention to the design of the lighting system. In this paper, the lighting subsystem of AVI system is analysed for the inspection of printed circuit board(PCB) patterns. The spectral reflectance of materials, which are composed of PCB, is measured for choosing the light source. The reflection property is theoretically obtained by a reflection model and also obtained by experiments which measure intensity with varying the viewing direction of image sensor and the lighting direction of illuminator. The illumination uniformity of a ring-type illuminator. The lighting system is designed based upon the experimental results and theoretial analysis.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2017

Background: At the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environment and a lack of adequate lighting usually cause some vision problems. The purpose of this study was to perform a safety evaluation of lighting on a very long road in Ilam, Iran. Methods: The average luminance was measured using a luminance meter (model S3; Hagner, Solna, Sweden). A camera (model 108, 35-mm single-lens reflex; Yashica, Nagano, Japan) was used to take photographs of the safe stopping distance from the tunnel entrance. Equivalent luminance was determined according to the Holliday polar diagram. Results: Considering the average luminance at the tunnel entrance ($116.7cd/m^2$) and using Adrian's equation, the safe level of lighting at the entrance of the tunnel was determined to be 0.7. Conclusion: A comparison between the results of the safe levels of lighting at the entrance of the tunnel and the De Boer scale showed that the phenomenon of black holes is created at the tunnel entrance. This may lead to a misadaptation of the drivers' eyes to the change in luminance level at the entrance of the tunnel, thereby increasing the risk of road accidents in this zone.

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 2축의 태양추적장치에 프레넬 렌즈를 장착한 fiber-optic 설비형 자연채광시스템의 효율성에 대하여 이론적 분석을 수행하였다. ECOTECT와 RADIANCE를 기반으로 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하여 다양한 조건하에서 자연채광 시스템뿐만 아니라 형광등을 이용한 인공조명에 대한 실내 조도분석과 함께 실측 데이터와의 비교연구를 수행하였다. 형광등을 이용한 실내조명의 경우, 평균조도는 사무실 실내 조도 기준을(KS A 3011 일반 사무실 [G]등급[300-400-600lux]) 충분히 만족하는 결과를 보여주었다. 한편, 디퓨져를 사용한 자연채광시스템의 경우도 사무실 실내 조도 기준을 넘는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.506-511
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• 2017

많은 기업들이 사업화를 추진하고 있는 LED 조명은 대표적인 녹색에너지 기술로 현재 우수한 제품들이 비교적 많이 공급되고 있다. 그러나 방송영상용 LED조명은 일반 가로등, 광고용 또는 운송기구용 LED조명 장치들에 비해 출력이 높으면서 휴대가 간편해야한다. 따라서 방송영상 촬영 시 크기가 크고 취급 또한 불편한 할로겐등과 형광등의 대체광원으로 LED를 사용한다면 장비의 경량화를 통하여 방송영상조명 장비산업의 활성화가 될 것으로 예측된다. LED 모듈 보드는 양산성과 칩 마운터의 SMT 생산 가능 사이즈를 고려한 후 모델별 제품의 전체적인 사이즈를 고려하여 보드 사이즈를 결정하였다. 본 논문에서는 80W 보드를 제작해기위해 20W LED보드 4장을 세로로 배치하였다. 즉 모델별 LED 모듈 보드 사이즈를 공용화하여 120W, 200W의 고출력 LED 조명장비를 보드 수의 증가로 선택할 수 있다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
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• pp.586-592
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• 2000

There is currently no satisfactory way to optimize supplemental lighting in a greenhouse-type plant factory especially concerning plant production. In a commercial plant factory, we got outside radiation data, inside radiation data and lamp running data. They have a correlation, but have much disorder. By using regression, tendency between the outside and the inside including supplemental lighting was found. We could estimate the average transmittance of this plant factory. From this estimation, we could admit the amount of inside radiation was supplied as much supplied compared to natural radiation. Then we are trying to investigate of the production amount and the supplemental lighting. Plant factory is environmentally controlled, the temperature and humidity are not actually controlled stable. We propose a design of neural network model could be useful to estimate the profit resulting from the operation of supplemental lighting.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

Recently, underground spaces can be usually applied to the alternative of land use for parking. However, lack of window and natural light are among the most cited drawbacks associated with dark image of underground. If underground parking lots are designed to be positive and safe environment for people, openings for daylighting will play a significant role. The natural light and unobstructed view to outdoor are main elements to create optimal underground parking lots. This paper focuses on investigating the actual day lighting conditions and evaluating the day lighting performance of openings as potential lighting resources. For the study, the field measurements and Questionnaire surveys are conducted. And then, the day lighting performance of underground parking lots based on opening geometry and orientation are evaluated by scaled model experiments. As results, the feelings of safety and orientation of underground parking lots are improved by openings for day lighting regardless of the sizes. The required illuminances (daylight factor 0.5%) for underground parking lots can be satisfied in the skylight opening ratio of 4% or more.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2004

The number of tunnel has fast increased with the rapid expansion of highway network. Tunnel should be designed to provide for drivers both safety and pleasant driving conditions. In this perspective, the design for tunnel lightning is very important in order to provide its safety, pleasantness, and cost-efficiency of maintenance, all of which should be considered and analyzed for a better tunnel lighting. This paper attempts to compare the low-pressure sodium lamp, which have usually been used for tunnel lighting, with the fluorescent lamp, which we consider as an alternative for the former. In an effort to determine the number of lamps to meet the required illuminance in the tunnel, this research employs a simulation technique which would allow us to conjecture, with the aid of basic model, the life cycle cost for illumination per each tunnel. This analysis is expected to provide a basic method and related information for tunnel development and design.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2008년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.203-207
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• 2008

3D 애니메이션 제작 공정은 크게 Pre-production, Main-production, Post-production로 나뉜다. 그 중 제작의 시작이며 전체 제작을 종합적으로 예측 및 디자인하는 Pre-production의 중요성은 매우 높다고 할 수 있다. 고품질의 3D 애니메이션을 제작하기 위해서는 구체적이고 완벽한 Pre-production의 구조가 필요해졌고 Pre-production 단계에서 완성되는 다양한 2D, 3D 아트웍이 Main 및 Post-production까지 일관성 있게 컬러와 룩을 유지하기 위한 효율적인 3D 표준 조명에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3D애니메이션 제작 시 Pre-production 단계에서 적용 가능한 3D 표준 조명 모델에 대한 연구와 함께 그에 따른 조명 수치속성에 대한 데이터를 산출하여 Pre-production 단계에서 3D 조명의 활용범위를 높이고 전반적인 3D애니메이션 결과물에 대한 컬러 값의 예측을 할 수 있도록 한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.696-704
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• 2013

In this paper, we introduce the LED emotional lighting system realized with the aid of both intelligent algorithm and RGB LED combined with White LED. Generally, the illumination is known as a design factor to form the living place that affects human's emotion and action in the light- space as well as the purpose to light up the specific space. The LED emotional lighting system that can express emotional atmosphere as well as control the quantity of light is designed by using both RGB LED to form the emotional mood and W LED to get sufficient amount of light. RBFNNs is used as the intelligent algorithm and the network model designed with the aid of LED control parameters (viz. color coordinates (x and y) related to color temperature, and lux as inputs, RGBW current as output) plays an important role to build up the LED emotional lighting system for obtaining appropriate color space. Unlike conventional RBFNNs, Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering method is used to obtain the fitness values of the receptive function, and the connection weights of the consequence part of networks are expressed by polynomial functions. Also, the parameters of RBFNN model are optimized by using PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization). The proposed LED emotional lighting can save the energy by using the LED light source and improve the ability to work as well as to learn by making an adequate mood under diverse surrounding conditions.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.117-119
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• 2006

BACnet(Building Automation and Control networks) is a standard data communication protocol designed specifically for building automation and control systems. BACnet provides five options for datalink layer protocols and these five datalink layer options can be applied with various transmission media. Recently wireless technology prevails in automation area. ZigBee is a standard protocol based on IEEE 802.15.4 for low-speed wireless communication network. In this study, we propose a BACnet/ZigBee model that uses ZigBee wireless technology in a BACnet communication network system as a wireless datalink layer protocol. We also applied this model to a lighting control system to evaluate the feasibility of proposed technology. The technology proposed in this paper can extend the application of BACnet not only for building automation but also for home automation by taking the advantages of ZigBee wireless communication technology in BACnet communication network systems.