• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2024

Gastric cancer has been consistently decreasing worldwide, whereas cardia gastric cancer is on the rise. This indicates that the exposure rates to epidemiological causes are changing. In this study, we aim to review the risk factors for gastric cancer with respect to cardia and non-cardia types. One of the most significant risk factors for gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori infection is known as a risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer, and there have been results indicating that H. pylori infection is not associated with cardia gastric cancer. However, in the East Asian region, there is epidemiological evidence suggesting that H. pylori infection might be a risk factor for cardia gastric cancer. Smoking and alcohol consumption are known risk factors for gastric cancer, regardless of anatomical location. Obesity is considered a factor in the development of cardia gastric cancer. However, further research is needed to understand the specific relationship with non-cardia gastric cancer. The consumption of high-salt and processed meat is more distinctly associated with noncardia gastric cancer than in cardia gastric cancer. In addition to these factors, exposure to chemicals and radiation are considered risk factors for gastric cancer. Primary prevention of gastric cancer involves eliminating or avoiding risk factors such as H. pylori eradication and adopting a healthy lifestyle, including quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and having a low-salt diet.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.902-913
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a physical activity-behavior modification combined intervention(PABM-intervention) on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese elementary school children. Methods: Thirty-two participants ($BMI\geq85$ percentile or relative $obesity\geq10$) were allocated to the PABM-intervention group and behavior modification only intervention group. The PABM -intervention was composed of exercise intervention consisting of 50 minutes of physical activity(Hip-hop dance & gym-based exercises) twice a week and the behavior modification intervention consisted of 50 minutes of instruction for modifying lifestyle habits(diet & exercise) once a week. Effectiveness of intervention was based on waist circumference, BP, HDL-cholesterol, TG, and fasting glucose before and after the intervention. Results: The proportion of subjects with 1, 2, 3 or more metabolic risk factors were 28.1, 43.8, and 15.6%, respectively. After the 8-week intervention, waist circumference, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and HDL-cholesterol changed significantly(p<.01) in the PABM group. Conclusion: This provides evidence that a PABM-intervention is effective in changing metabolic risk factors such as waist circumference, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and HDL-cholesterol in overweight and obese elementary school children.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2022

Objectives : The objective of this study is to report a case of a male atopic dermatitis patient accompanying seborrheic capitis and nummular eczema improved by Korean medicine therapy and lifestyle modification. Methods : A male patient was hospitalized for eczematous lesions in the head, face, and both hands which relapsed on March 2021. For 15 days, he took Korean medicine therapy including acupuncture, Bangpungtongseongsan-gagam, pharmacopuncture, and wet dressing with Hwangryunhaedok-tang. Simultaneously, lifestyle correction also conducted during administration. On the other hand, corticosteroid and antihistamine were prescribed from internal medicine of our hospital for the first 10 days because of severe skin lesions. As an outpatient, he was continuously treated by the same Korean medicine therapy except herbal decoction weekly for about 7 months after discharge. To assess symptoms, scoring atopic dermatitis(SCORAD) index, taking photos, and numerical rating scale(NRS) were used. Results : After 15 days of hospitalization, the SCORAD index decreased to 30.0, which was about a half of the initial SCORAD index(61.2). NRS score also dropped from 6 to 3. Despite stopping western medicine administration, skin lesions and subjective symptoms of the patient were steadily improved without aggravation. For 7 months of continued outpatient treatment, atopic dermatitis were steadily ameliorated despite temporary aggravation and improvement of symptoms, and seborrheic capitis was not relapsed. The final SCORAD index and NRS on November 9th, 2021 were 24.7 and 1, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggests that Korean medicine therapy contributes to improving SCORAD index, subjective symptoms, and skin lesions of the patient. Furthermore, lifestyle modification is also important as much as proper treatment for caring atopic dermatitis patients.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 좌업생활자와 생산직 근로자들의 심혈관계 위험요인을 알아보고, 이 두 직군간의 심혈관 질환 위험률 간의 관계를 규명하는데 있다. 연구 대상자는 S지역에 위치한 사업장에서 2015년 건강검진을 시행한 만20세 이상 근로자 620명을 대상으로 사무직과 생산직으로 구분하여 연구하였다. 본 연구의 자료처리는 Windows SPSS ver.18.0을 이용하였다. 연속형 변수는 기술통계량을 통해 평균과 표준편차를 제시하고, 그룹간의 유의한 차이는 독립t검정을 이용하여 비교하였다. 범주형 변수는 빈도수와 비율을 산출하여 chi-square test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 통계처리의 유의수준은 p<.05로 하였다. 사무직은 생산직 보다 흡연, 과다음주, 중등도 이상 신체활동 비실천, 총콜레스테롤 이상, 중성지방 이상, 저밀도콜레스테롤 이상 빈도가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 사무직이 생산직 보다 주음주량, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도콜레스테롤, 수축기혈압, 심혈관질환 위험률은 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 사무직과 생산직의 일평균 흡연량, 공복 시 혈당, 이완기혈압은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.554-566
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Urban-rural inequities in health and mortality exist in Korea, a highly centralized developed country. The potential impact of multiple health-related lifestyle behaviors on mortality and difference between urban and rural areas is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-risk health behaviors on all-cause mortality among residents living in urban and rural in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on 8,298 adults aged 40 yrs and older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. High-risk behaviors were defined as having poor diet quality, current smoking, high-risk drinking, or insufficient physical activity. Mortality status was linked to the Cause of Death data followed up to December 31, 2019. The associations between all-cause mortality and high-risk behaviors were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and survey year. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated, and effect modification analysis was conducted. Participants were stratified by residential area (urban or rural). RESULTS: During the follow-up (median: 5.4 yrs), 313 deaths occurred. A higher proportion of rural residents than urban residents engaged in multiple high-risk behaviors (28.9% vs. 22.6%; P < 0.0001). As individual factors, a greater risk of mortality was associated with poor diet quality, current smoking, and inadequate physical activity, and these tendencies persisted in rural residents, especially for diet quality. Multiple high-risk behaviors were positively associated with a higher risk of mortality in Koreans living in urban and rural areas. PAF (95% confidence interval) was 18.5% (7.35-27.9%) and 29.8% (16.1-40.2%) in urban and rural residents, respectively. No additive or multiplicative effect of the region was observed. CONCLUSION: The higher prevalence of multiple high-risk lifestyle behaviors in rural residents may explain the higher mortality in rural areas compared to urban areas. Comprehensive public health policies to improve health-related behaviors in rural populations may be needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.546-554
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• 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension often occur together, amplifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and emphasizing the need for a multitargeted treatment approach. American ginseng (AG) and Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) species could improve glycemic control via complementary mechanisms. Additionally, a KRG-inherent component, ginsenoside Rg3, may moderate blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to investigate the therapeutic potential of coadministration of Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Rg3-KRG) and AG, added to standard of care therapy, in the management of hypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors in type-2 diabetes. Methods: Within a randomized controlled, parallel design of 80 participants with type-2 diabetes (HbA1c: 6.5-8%) and hypertension (systolic BP: 140-160 mmHg or treated), supplementation with either 2.25 g/day of combined Rg3-KRG + AG or wheat-bran control was assessed over a 12-wk intervention period. The primary endpoint was ambulatory 24-h systolic BP. Additional endpoints included further hemodynamic assessment, glycemic control, plasma lipids and safety monitoring. Results: Combined ginseng intervention generated a mean ± SE decrease in primary endpoint of 24-h systolic BP (-3.98 ± 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.04). Additionally, there was a greater reduction in HbA1c (-0.35 ± 0.1% [-3.8 ± 1.1 mmol/mol], p = 0.02), and change in blood lipids: total cholesterol (-0.50 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), non-HDL-C (-0.54 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), triglycerides (-0.40 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.02) and LDL-C (-0.35 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.06) at 12 wks, relative to control. No adverse safety outcomes were observed. Conclusion: Coadministration of Rg3-KRG + AG is an effective addon for improving BP along with attaining favorable cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ginseng derivatives may offer clinical utility when included in the polypharmacy and lifestyle treatment of diabetes. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT01578837;

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011. Detection of the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The dietary intervention was designed to decrease salt level and to increase potassium level through cooking instructions and self-monitoring of the diet. The exercise session consisted of activities such as stretching, resistance training, and walking. Blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, dietary and lifestyle data, and non-fasting venous blood sample were collected at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS: Thirty nine subjects were eligible for participation and the follow-up rate was 97.4%. The C allele proportion was 57.9%. AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was X-chromosome-linked, therefore we analyzed the C and A genotypes. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the genotype groups. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in lifestyle habit between the groups. Nevertheless, the estimated salt excretion (g/day) was significantly decreased only in the C genotype (13.0-10.3, P = 0.031). No significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) in the A genotype, but a significant decrease was observed in the C genotype (150.0-141.5, P = 0.024). CONCLUSTIONS: In the C genotype, it might be easy to improve SBP through lifestyle intervention in free-living hypertensive Japanese men, however generalization could not be achieved by the small sample size.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2010

Purpose: Cardiovascular risk factor modification is important for patients with coronary artery disease to prevent poor progression of the disease. Without an understanding and an awareness of risk factors, patients with coronary artery disease are not able to reduce their risk by the lifestyle modification. The aims of this study were to assess patient's awareness of risk factors and to identify predictors of awareness of risk factors. Methods: A descriptive correlational study using a cross-sectional survey method was performed. The sites of the study were three hospitals in Seoul, Korea. The sample consisted of 214 subjects. The awareness of risk factors and other subjects' characteristics were measured by a questionnaire developed for this study. Results: A range of subjects (gender: 72.0%; hyperlipidemia: 51.9%; hypertension: 40.7%; obese: 37.4%; age: 35.5%; smoking: 22.4%; diabetes: 19.2%; family history: 18.2%) were not able to accurately identify the risk factors. Among predictors, gender (${\beta}$=-.17) and diabetics (${\beta}$=-.25) had statistically significant influences on awareness of risk factors. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the lack of awareness of risk factors for coronary artery disease. The findings have important implications for nursing practice in terms of guiding educational strategies for the modification of risk factors for coronary heart disease.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide the method of saving the construction cost per unit area of the New Hanok using the inner space of a roof as a floor space with a structural modification of it's roof. The proportion of a roof of the Traditional Hanok accounts for about a half of it's elevation, so it is an essential element of it. But, compare to the whole construction cost of the Traditional Hanok, it costs over a half of expenses to build it. Recently, at the traditional building type, it is found that the inner space of a roof of it is used as a floor space with a structural modification of it's roof. It can be divided into two types, the storage type and the living type. The New Hanok at downtown can accommodate various new lifestyle, so the length of it's Yangtong is longer than that of the Traditional Hanok. When we adjust the proportion of the traditional Hanok to the New Hanok, the height of the column and the roof of the New Hanok becomes also higher than those of the traditional Hanok. So, using the upper part of the column and the roof of the New Hanok, we can make the inner space of a roof of the New Hanok as a floor space -like a bed room, tea room, personal work space and a storage- vertically connect with the 1st floor as the main living area. As a result, it is expected to save the unit construction cost of the New Hanok and has an extensity of space when we build the New Hanok at downtown.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3326-3337
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• 2013

이 연구는 한국 성인남녀의 나트륨 과다섭취와 관련된 건강관련 식이행태와 생활양식의 특이점을 알아보기 위해 이루어졌다. 이는 2010년 국민건강영양조사의 30~69세 성인을 대상으로 세계보건기구에서 권장하는 1일 나트륨 섭취량(2,000mg/day)을 기준으로 나트륨 섭취군을 권장섭취군과 과다섭취군으로 구분하고, 남녀별 과다 섭취군과 연관된 인구사회학적 특성 및 식행동, 건강관련 요인들을 비교, 분석하였다. 이 연구에서 로지스틱회귀분석에 의한 나트륨 과다섭취군의 위험요인들로는 인구사회학적 특성에서는 독신이거나 가구원수가 적은 여자 계층에서 식행동과 건강관련 행동에서는 아침, 점심, 저녁식사여부와 영양표시 이용이 관련있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 남자의 경우는 점심, 저녁 등의 식사여부와 주관적 체형인식의 식이행동만이 관련이 있고 여자의 경우에서는 인구사회학적 특성의 가구원수와 아침, 점심, 저녁 식사여부의 식이행동만이 관련있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과에서 남녀의 나트륨 과다섭취 행태가 다른 양상을 보이고 있으므로, 이를 기초로 한국 성인의 고혈압 예방을 위한 지속적인 나트륨 저감운동의 전개시, 나트륨 과다섭취 억제를 위한 성별 적정 영양소 섭취기준 및 나트륨 관련 영양표시 이용이 마련되어 효과적인 나트륨 저감 식생활 개선이 되도록 제언한다.